• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2024

Due to COVID-19, much research has been conducted on learning loss and educational gaps due to the postponement of the start of school and prolonged online distance learning, and most of the research has focused on the phenomenon of educational gaps. If a pandemic situation like this occurs in the future, fundamental policies are needed to resolve the educational gap. A fundamental solution requires not only an understanding of the educational gap phenomenon, but also the structure behind the phenomenon. Therefore, from a structuralist perspective, this study sought to model the educational gap caused by COVID-19 as a prototype of systems thinking and identify its structure. In addition, we looked at the unintended consequences resulting from policies aimed at resolving existing educational gaps. In order to respond to similar disaster situations in the future, policies for resolving the digital gap, support for basic academic skills, quality improvement for distance learning, and self-directed learning were discussed based on the structure of this study.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2022

Our society is undergoing rapid changes due to COVID-19, and in particular, online learning using digital technology is being tried in various forms in the educational field. A change has occurred. However, the limitations of distance learning, such as reduced learning immersion in non-face-to-face educational situations, lack of interaction between teachers and learners, and lower basic academic ability, are constantly being raised, and an appropriate educational strategy is needed to solve these problems. This study focused on the concept of 'Metaverse' based on the interaction between the virtual world and the real world, and tried to verify the effectiveness of educational activities based on it. In detail, we propose an educational framework for realizing flipped learning in the Metaverse Virtual Classroom, and a frame developed by measuring the learning immersion of a single group with a teaching/learning program developed based on this. The effectiveness of the work was verified. When the metaverse platform-based flip learning framework and education program proposed in this study were applied, it was confirmed that learners' immersion in learning was improved.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.157-183
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• 2024

This study aims to develop a research methodology course for graduate-level students using an information-seeking behaviour model of distance learners. Based on a case study and structured survey, the factors that motivate and hinder information-seeking behaviours were identified. The motivating factor for students seeking information through the research methodology course was the necessity to obtain a master's degree, while the hindering factor was the challenge of balancing work and study. The course was developed by leveraging motivational factors and addressing hindering factors. The results of this study can serve as foundational data for understanding students' information-seeking behaviour and establishing teaching and learning strategies to enhance students' information-seeking skills when developing online courses.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Electronic learning (e-learning) empowers the higher education in providing sustainable instruction during the infrequent circumstance when the wide-spreading disastrous challenge of the COVID-19 results in the closure of various sectors in the society. During this time, e-learning serves the levels of the education sector such as higher education well by delivering and receiving materials from distance with respect to movement restrictions imposed by the government, for example the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia. In this qualitative survey, the existing e-learning challenges and the recommended solutions to the problems from the senior lecturers' perspectives were collected through an online open-ended questionnaire. A number of five senior lecturers out of eight at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) answered the questionnaire. The UTM has been capable of providing e-learning courses for all of its lecturers and students during the closure of higher education institutions owing to the pernicious health conditions stemmed from the crisis of the COVID-19. The major existing challenges found in the e-learning program at the UTM and the suggested solutions to address them are listed and the main themes are illustrated in the word cloud format using the NVivo software. In the end, the conclusion is paragraphed and the future work is proposed. Overall, the purpose of this study is to address the e-learning challenges and to prepare a list of recommendations that can serve as solutions from the standpoint of the UTM senior lecturers during the MCO in Malaysia.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This paper proposes how to support various media on online conversational activity using XML(extensible Markup Language). The method converts media information into XML based messages and handles alike conventional text based messages. The XML based messages are unified to an XML document, and then a HTML document is generated using the XML and an XSLT documents in a server. A user in each client can play or present media through the hyperlink that is associated media information on the HTML document. The suggested method supports use of various media (text, image, audio, video, documents, etc) and efficient maintenance of font size, color, and style on messages according to extension and modification of XML tags. For application, this paper implemented the system to support media that has client and server architecture on online conversational activity. A user in each client inputs text or media based message using JAVA applet and servlet on the system, and conversational messages on every users' interfaces are automatically updated whenever a user inputs new message. Media on conversational messages are played or presented according to a user's click on hyperlink. Applications for the media presentation are as follows : distance learning, online game, collaboration, etc.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2023

In this study, we examine other factors that may contribute to the decline in students' academic performance and educational attainment. Many media reports, as well as previous studies, have suggested that virtual learning is the main reason for the decline in students' academic performance. However, the 2020 National Student Achievement Survey, which was conducted in conjunction with the COVID-19 Distance Learning Environment Student Survey, showed that students were highly satisfied with distance learning (70-80%), and the analysis of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement showed that students' academic performance had already been declining year by year since 2017, with a general downward curve. For further confirmation, we analyzed the performance of high school students on mock exams and found that their performance was not normally distributed, but rather a right-skewed U-shaped distribution with a shrinking number of medians and severe polarization. We found that this phenomenon is not simply because of the mode or quality of the virtual classroom, but to a variety of factors, including environmental influences such as care and management at home, changes in investment in private education, increased time spent on online devices while taking virtual classes at the bottom, and increased time spent watching online content, games, and videos that are not related to learning.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.205-218
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• 2007

This study investigates the reasons of dropout in a survey of 348 dropouts from a cyber university located in Seoul, Korea. Most common reasons are time constraints due to work or family-related needs. Difficulties in adjusting to online learning environment and uncertainties regarding the value of a cyber university degree also played important roles. Drop-out students who pointed to these two reasons also suffered from lack of communication and interaction with other students and professors. Efforts to address these issues are in order as well as the development of time-efficient learning strategies and financial aids.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

The article clarifies the conditions for information, digital and educational accessibility for higher education seekers with disabilities in terms of distance learning caused by quarantine restrictions. It is established that such conditions are regulated by international and Ukrainian legal documents (The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Sustainable Development Goals, Law of Ukraine "On Education", Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine 2021-2031, Development Strategy areas of innovation for the period up to 2030, Development strategy of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030). As a part of information barrierlessness, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) should provide access to information in various formats and using technologies, in particular Braille script, large-type printing, audio description (audio descriptive commenting), sign language interpretation, subtitling, a format suitable for reading by screen access programs, formats of simple speech, easy-to-read formats, means of alternative communication. The experience of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University is described. In particular, special attention is paid to the study of sign language: in view of this, the initiative group implemented the project "Learning to hear and overcome social isolation together" with the financial support of the British Council in Ukraine. Within the framework of digital accessibility, the official website of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education has been adapted for the visually impaired in accordance with WCAG 2.0 World Standards. In 2021, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University implemented the project "Cultural, Recreational and Tourist Cherkasy Region: Inclusive Social 3D Map" funded by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation; a site with available content for online travel in the region to provide barrier-free access to the historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy region was created. Educational accessibility is achieved by increasing the number of people with special educational needs, receiving education in inclusive groups; activities of the Center for Social and Educational Integration and Inclusive Rehabilitation Social Tourism "Bez barieriv" ("Without barriers"); implementation of a research topic for financing the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: "Social and psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism"; implementation of the project "Social inclusion of distance educational process"; development of information campaigns to popularize the ideas of accessibility, the need for its implementation, ongoing training programs and competitions, etc.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of middle school students for the practical reasoning in a distance learning environment, to verify the needs differences based on the learner's personal characteristics, student-teacher interaction, and student-student interaction, and to investigate the relationships among student-teacher interaction, voluntary participation of students, and the students' perception of the extent to which practical reasoning is implemented in distance learning. For this purpose, 1,842 middle school students from seven schools in Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Chungbuk, and Sejong areas were surveyed online to investigate the importance of the practical reasoning questions and the how much practical reasoning is implemented in current distance learning. Among them, 1,095 responses were used for final analysis and descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and path analysis were conducted. As a result of the study, first, middle school students acknowledged that the practical reasoning was important with the importance average 3.76. Based on the locus for focus model, the priorities of the needs in home economics class were examined, and the values and importance of the problem, and the ramification of the solution were considered to be of high priority. Second, characteristics of middle school students, student-teacher interaction and student-student interaction were found to have positive influence on needs for practical reasoning, while no difference were found by gender or voluntary participation in distance learning. Third, the voluntary participation of students and the student-teacher interaction in distance learning had a positive (+) significant effect on perceived implementation of practical reasoning, yet negative (-) significant effect on needs for practical reasoning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.451-460
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to present the effective operation method of cyber home learning system 2.0. Cyber home learning system 2.0 which plays an important role to produce and share data of internet users establishing user-centered internet environment is recently introduced as web 2.0 is beginning to appear. This research is based on the case of the operation on cyber home learning system, research literature of web 2.0 as well as expert consulting and performance test. After doing this research, cyber home learning system 2.0 can bring enormous educational effect when it has online education using web-based discussion tool and long distance consulting linking with off line school education. Redundant system configuration, the distributed processing also may be provided by the service was smooth. Moreover, it demands monitoring team consisting of student, parents and teacher in order to provide developmental service.