• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2010

We investigated the feasibility of bioethanol production from hydrolysate of brown seaweed Sargassum sagamianum. Prior to bioethanol production using yeasts, six yeast strains were compared and the best ones in terms of the ethanol production levels were selected. Pichia stipitis ATCC 7126, Pichia stipitis ATCC 58784, and Pichia stipitis ATCC 58376 were superior to others in terms of ethanol production. These yeast strains were used for producing bioethanol by the shaking bottle culture and the fermentor culture. Out of approximately 30 g/L reducing sugar, about 3~6 g/L and 4~7 g/L bioethanol were produced in the bottle culture and the fermentor one, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that around 12~28 g-bioethanol was produced from 1 kilogram of Sargassum sagamianum. Compared with those previously published, these data were almost three to eight times higher in value.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.15 no.1_2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2004

A map is singular if each edge is on the same face on a surface (i.e., those have only one face on a surface). Because any map with loop is not colorable, all maps here are assumed to be loopless. In this paper po-vides the explicit expression of chromatic sum functions for rooted singular maps on the projective plane, the torus and the Klein bottle. From the explicit expression of chromatic sum functions of such maps, the explicit expression of enumerating functions of such maps are also derived.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.576.2-576
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentinal sclerosis and tubular orientation on Class V restoration bonded with three dentin bonding agents using confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). Class V cavities were prepared from freshly extracted caries-free human teeth. thirty of these cavities were divided into two groups based upon the status of class V cavities: Group 1, cervical abrasive lesions without preparation; Group 2, artificially-prepared wedge-shaped cavities.(omitted)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of severe early childhood caries and feeding pratices in preschool children. The subjects of study were six hundred and seventy-two preschool children in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) was defined as the presence of one or more cavitated, missing due to caries, or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth. The caregivers of children were given a questionnaire including age, gender, birthweight, and feeding practices. The prevalence of S-ECC was 34.5%. The prevalence was significantly higher when there were the habit of sleeping while feeding, the habit of feeding sour or sweet content in the bottle, and the habit of using the pacifier. Birth weight, breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, and the sippy cup habit showed no significant association with the prevalence of S-ECC. There were significant positive associations between breast-feeding and sleeping while feeding, between bottle-feeding and the pacifier, between sleeping while feeding and sour or sweet content in the bottle, between sleeping while feeding and the sippy cup, between sleeping while feeding and the pacifier, and between the sippy cup and the pacifier. There were significant negative associations between breast-feeding and the pacifier.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

This research was carried out to determine the differences of physiological activites between Grifola frondosa of log cultivation(LC) and Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation(BC). Total flavonoids content, total phenolics content, electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite-scavenging ability(NSA), SOD-like activity and inhibitory effect of Xanthine oxidase were examined. The highest value of total flavonoid content is $5.96{\pm}0.81mg/g$ in water extract from Grifola frondosa of log cultivation at $40^{\circ}C$ (LC-W40) but, one of total phenolics compound is $44.53{\pm}0.89mg/g$ in water extract from Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation at $40^{\circ}{\cdots}$ (BC-W40). The EDA using DPPH of BC-W40 extract showed the highest value of $97.14{\pm}0.71%$. Nitrite-scavenging ability was $62.55^{\circ}{\ae}0.36%$ in extract from Grifola frondosa of BC-W40 at pH 1.2. The value was SOD-like activity showed the highest value of $18.95^{\circ}{\ae}1.39%$ in extract from LC-W40. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was the highest value of $54.31{\pm}0.40%$ in extract from Grifola frondosa BC-W40, and dependent on concentrations. These results showed that a the antioxidant effects of Grifola frondosa is excellent. However, physiological activities of Grifola frondosa were not depend on caltivation method regulary, and were different according to kind of solvents, concentraitions and physialogical factors examined such as EDA, SOD-like activity and NSA.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2007

Jeakdan', a new variety of pink oyster mushroom was bred in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2006. This pink oyster mushroom was selected one which cross with monokaryon collected from strain KME20063 and KME20193. The major characteristics of the mushroom were showed a lot of pinheadings, the pink-colored and infundibuliform pileus. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around $26{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and that for the primordia and growth of fruitbody was around $18{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. Primordia and young fruiting bodies were bright pink but become less intensely colored while the mushroom were mature. Incubation period was required about 20 days in bottle culture and 21 days in bag culture. Number of valid stipes was 31.5/850cc bottle and 47.0/2kg bag. The fruiting body yield was 134.5g/850cc bottle and 350.0g/2kg bag.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.711-716
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• 2010

'Sanggang', a new cultivar of Agrocybe aegerita, was bred with mating between monokaryotic strains isolated from 'GMAG45109' and 'GMAG45107' in Mushroom Research Station, Gyonggi Province A.R.E.S. in 2009. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of 'Sanggang' was 26 to 28$^{\circ}C$ on PDA(potato dextrose agar) medium. The optimum temperature for the primordia formation and fruiting body development of 'Sanggang', was 18 to 20$^{\circ}C$. In the bottle cultivation of 'Sanggang', the period of spawn running was around 38 days at 22 to 23$^{\circ}C$ and the period from scratching of inoculum to harvest was 12 days. These characteristics of 'Sanggang' were not different from those of 'Mihwang' (control). 'Sanggang' had brown-colored pileus, whereas 'Mihwang' had yellowish brown-colored one. In bottle cultivation, 'Sanggang' hada little smaller but stronger stipe and pilus than 'Mihwang', and 'Sanggang', as well as 'Mihwang', had upright stipe. And 'Sanggang' was shown to have lower veil opening ratio than that of 'Mihwang' at harvest time.The yield of fruiting bodies of 'Sanggang' was 134 g/850ml bottle, which was similar to that of 'Mihwang'. Resistance of'Sanggang' against Trichoderma spp., as well as 'Mihwang', was weak. Freshness of 'Sanggang' was maintained for 13 days under storage temperature 4$^{\circ}C$, while that of 'Mihwang' was maintained for 10 days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to estimate one mouthful volume in a single swallow and average volume per swallow (AVS) in multiple swallows in the situation of toxic liquid poisoning. Methods: Thirty five men and 35 women were included in this study. Each subject was asked to drink one swallow and three consecutive swallows from bottle containing water and a bottle containing saline separately. We calculated one mouthful volume in a single swallow and AVS in three swallows. One mouthful volume and AVS were compared according to sex and content, respectively. One mouthful volume of water and saline was then compared with AVS of each. Results: Sixty seven adults(34 men; $26.9{\pm}3.2$ years, 33 women; $25.6{\pm}2.4$ years) completed the study. Men had larger one mouthful volume of water($49.1{\pm}19.9$ ml vs $39.7{\pm}10.2$ ml, p=0.02) and saline($20.7{\pm}10.9$ ml vs $14.0{\pm}4.6$ ml, p=0.004) and AVS of water($28.5{\pm}11.9$ ml vs $21.5{\pm}5.9$ ml, p=0.004) and saline($11.9{\pm}6.3$ ml vs $7.9{\pm}2.0$ ml, p=0.001) than women. One mouthful volume and AVS of saline swallow were lower than those of water swallow. AVS of three consecutive swallows was lower than one mouthful volume in water and saline swallow. Conclusion: We suggest that one mouthful volume in a single swallow is 21 ml in men and 14 ml in women and AVS in multiple swallows is 12 ml in men and 8 ml in women. AVS in multiple swallows is two-threefold lower than reference values(20~30 ml) commonly used in poisoning study.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.486-494
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in microleakage of enamel-sealant interface when all-in-one adhesives were used compared with conventional acid etching and single-bottle adhesive system. Seventy-five extracted permanent third molars were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with only Etching, $Adper^{TM}\;Single\;Bond^{TM}\;Adper^{TM}\;Prompt^{TM}$ L-Pop, AQ-bond and One-up Bond F each. After sealant application, the samples were thermocycled and the degree of microleakage was determined. The results were as follows : 1. Group 3, 4, 5 using the all-in-one adhesive system showed significantly higher microleakage score than Group 1(p<0.05). 2. The lowest mean microleakage score was Group 2(0.41) followed by Group 1(1.05) Group 3(1.65), Group 4(2.85) and Group 5(3.05). 3. Among Groups using all-in-one adhesives, Group 3 showed significantly lower mean microleakage score than the other groups(p<0.05) but showed significantly higher mean score than both Group 1 and Group 2(p<0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference(p>0.05) between Group 4 and Group 5. 5. In SEM examination, all the groups used all-in-one adhesive showed shorter resin tags than Group 1.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.533-535
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• 2002

The new watering system for the cabinet type of soybean sprouting equipment was developed. It was made of one siphon $({\Phi}35 mm)$, one well bucket $(13{\times}10{\times}10\;cm)$ that its weight-center is changed by water level, and bottle-neck water tank (bottom: $18.5^W{\times}32^L{\times}29^H\;cm$, top: $14^W{\times}14^L{\times}25^H\;cm)$. The watering system can be automatically watered more than 750 mL/sec without electric supply. The soybean sprouting equipment is consisted of the watering system and nine sprouting buckets. In addition siphon phenomena brought about easily by narrowing same as bottle-neck shape top portion of water tank that inserted a siphon. The equipment with the watering system may be produced more than three box a day in the condition of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and $6{\sim}7$ watering times a day.