• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.390-393
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• 2008

To improve the blue responses of screen-printed single crystalline silicon solar cells, we investigated an emitter etch-back technique to obtain high emitter sheet resistances, where the defective dead layer on the emitter surface was etched and became thinner as the etch-back time increased, resulting in the monotonous increase of short circuit current and open circuit voltage. We found that an optimal etch-back time should be determined to achieve the maximal performance enhancement because of fill factor decrease due to a series resistance increment mainly affected by contact and lateral resistance in this case. To elucidate the reason for the fill factor decrease, we studied the resistance analysis by potential mapping to determine the contact and the lateral series resistance. As a result, we found that the fill factor decrease was attributed to the relatively fast increase of contact resistance due to the dead layer thinning down with the lowest contact resistivity when the emitter was contacted with screen-printed silver electrode.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.586-595
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• 2012

While the extruded cement panel has many advantages compared to drywall, it has limited applicability in buildings due to its low fire resistance. However, an extruded panel in which the fire resistance has been dramatically enhanced through the addition of a-hemihydrate gypsum is expected to become widely applied as a partition wall or interior material for buildings. To ensure its applicability, certain safety requirements for use, such as the leaning load by residents, the impact by indoor articles, and the fire, need to be taken into consideration. The purpose of this study is to review the impact load resistance, horizontal load resistance, and fire resistance as required safety properties for the partition wall and interior materials of the extruded panel that includes a-hemihydrate gypsum. The results of this study show that the impact load resistance of the extruded panel that includes a-hemihydrate gypsum achieves SD grade for industrial buildings, and the horizontal impact load resistance achieves HD grade for public buildings. In addition, it provides fire-resistance for approximately 7 minutes longer than the existing extruded cement panel. Based on this result, it is confirmed the extruded panel incorporating a-hemihydrate gypsum has adequate safety properties for use as partition wall or interior material.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2019

Wildlife is a bio-indicator of environmental pollution by antimicrobial resistant bacteria or genes, however, there is no information on antimicrobial resistance in wildlife-origin bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the normal microbiota of staphylococci and their antimicrobial resistance in wildlife that did not take any antimicrobials. After sampling and bacterial isolation/identification, antimicrobial resistance profiles were examined by broth microdilution test, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test and mecA genetargeted PCR. Of 90 isolates from wildlife, 83 were coagulase-negative staphylococci while only 7 were coagulase-positive staphylococci. Methicillin-resistance was found in 63 (70%) isolates and 35 of 90 (38.9%) isolates were multidrug-resistant staphylococci. When considering that all of the animals did not take any medication or contacted any medical device before the sampling, the results indicate significantly high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in wild environments. Further study would be necessary to investigate the transmission route of antimicrobial resistance.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was conducted to find change and development of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Methods: This is a literature study with books, seminar and book for the international courses. Results: Combination of isotonic has been started by Mr and Mrs Johnson after Miss Knott passed away. It is that the terms of maximum resistance changed into optimal or appropriate resistance. It is focus on activities. Maximum resistance focus not only activities but also irradiation have to fit with normal functions. PNF has enough for the motor control concepts and international classification of functioning(ICF)of WHO. Conclusions: PNF has changed and developed with giving resistance method. It is that changed from maximal resistance to optimal resistance. But it is smaller concept than maximum resistance. Even though PNF founded 60 years ago, it is enough for new concepts that is motor control and learning.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2019

Convergence between technology and financial services is ubiquitous and widespread. Virtual banks represent an important aspect of financial markets that can generate value added for consumers and enhance the quality of financial services. This study explores the effect of innovation characteristics (relative advantage, compatibility, and perceived risk), consumer characteristics (status quo bias), and social mechanisms (network externality: complementarity, numbers of peers) on consumers' adoption intention and resistance to virtual banks. This study adopted an innovation resistance model with two dependent variables: adoption intention and resistance to virtual banks. An online self-administered survey was conducted and 532 or non-users of virtual banks aged 20 to 69 years old were analyzed. Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression indicated that status quo bias, relative advantage, perceived risk, complementarity, and number of peers insignificantly influence the adoption intention regarding virtual banks. Furthermore, status quo bias, relative advantage, perceived risk, and number of peers insignificantly influence the resistance to virtual banks. Female respondents have a lower adoption intention and higher resistance to virtual banks than male respondents. The findings suggest that the innovation resistance model can be useful in understanding consumers'adoption and resistance behavior as well as reveal that innovation characteristics, consumer characteristics, and social mechanism are important antecedent variables of the innovation adoption decision.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.293-309
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• 2022

Accurate design models for predicting the shear resistance of headed studs in solid concrete slabs are essential for obtaining economical and safe steel-concrete composite structures. In this study, symbolic regression with genetic programming (GPSR) was applied to experimental data to formulate new descriptive equations for predicting the shear resistance of studs in solid slabs using both normal and lightweight concrete. The obtained GPSR-based nominal resistance equations demonstrated good agreement with the test results. The equations indicate that the stud shear resistance is insensitive to the secant modulus of elasticity of concrete, which has been included in many international standards following the pioneering work of Ollgaard et al. In contrast, it increases when the stud height-to-diameter ratio increases, which is not reflected by the design models in the current international standards. The nominal resistance equations were subsequently refined for use in design from reliability analyses to ensure that the target reliability index required by the Eurocodes was achieved. Resistance factors for the developed equations were also determined following US design practice. The stud shear resistance predicted by the proposed models was compared with the predictions from 13 existing models. The accuracy of the developed models exceeds the accuracy of the existing equations. The proposed models produce predictions that can be used with confidence in design, while providing significantly higher stud resistances for certain combinations of variables than those computed with the existing equations given by many standards.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the activation of shoulder stabilizer muscles to variations of manual resistance during three-dimensional shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Methods: A total of 13 participants were included in this study. To normalize each muscle's activity, a maximal isometric voluntary contraction was performed by all participants. After receiving 30 minutes of training in three-dimensional shoulder rehabilitation exercises, participants randomly performed PNF arm and scapular patterns according to the intensities of manual resistance. The activities of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior were measured during these patterns. All exercises were performed for five seconds, and the average of three seconds, excluding the first and last seconds, was used for data analysis. Results: Lower trapezius activity was significant among manual resistance intensities. In both the PNF arm and scapular patterns, using 80% manual resistance of maximum resistance showed higher activity of the lower trapezius muscle compared to 20% of the maximum resistance. Conclusion: It is expected that PNF arm and scapular patterns, with varying intensities of manual resistance, can be used for early rehabilitation of patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.89-119
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• 2006

The almost studies that is related to an e-Trade and an e-Marketplace only have been focused on the diffusion and acceptance since the innovation was adopted in markets. The existing studies failed to notice the resistance of innovation in the course of accepting innovation. The resistance of innovation, however, is not the contrary concept of acceptance, it is should be understood as a construct which can explain the course of the diffusion and acceptance. This study will be analysed as follows: First, nevertheless the resistance of users is important, it couldn't be presented systematically through acceptance of innovation, accordingly the concept of resistance of innovation will derive concept from review of literature researched on prior researches. Second, the factors which can be affected to the resistance of innovation of the main trade firms which use the e-Marketplace will draw. Third, we identify some of determinants that can affect to resistance of user by empirical study, also we investigate how participation can be affected by using a contingency variable. The independent variables used through researched review are the characteristic factors of trade e-Marketplace which was consisted of relative advantage, suitability and complexity, the characteristic factors of trade firms which was consisted of propensity of innovation and attitude, and the characteristic of service quality which was consisted of reliability and reaction. This research also examines the association between independent variables and the resistance of user(dependent variable) by using a variable on participation of user(moderator variable). The sample surveys for this study have been used 109, this study was analysed by the SPSS 12.0 of statistical tool. According to the proved hypothesis there are three important factors which affected the resistance of user. One factor was the relative advantage and complexity from the point of view on the trade firms characteristics of e-marketplace, another factor was the propensity of innovation from the point of view on the trade firms factors, the third factor was the reliance from the point of view on the service quality factors. The results also provided that relative advantage and suitability among the characteristics of e-Marketplace and the reliability among the service quality characteristics have moderated in the moderated regression which was tested the association independent variables and dependent variables while participation of user was using for contingency variable.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2003

전자와 정공의 온도 관련 이온화 계수로부터 추출한 온도 함수의 유효 이온화 계수 및 전자 이동도를 이용하여 실리콘 전력 MOSFET의 항복 전압과 on 저항을 위한 온도 함수의 해석적 표현식을 유도하였다. 온도 함수의 해석적 항복 전압 결과를 4x10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/, 1x10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/, 6x10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/의 도핑 농도에 대해 각각 실험 결과와 비교하였고, 온도 및 항복 전압 함수의 on 저항 변화도 각각 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 각농도에 따른 온도 함수의 해석적 항복 전압은 77∼300k의 온도 범위에서 실험 결과와 10% 이내의 오차로 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

본 연구는 최근 주목받고 있는 메타버스의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 다양한 변인을 확인하는 것이 목적이다. 특히 기존의 연구가 메타버스의 확산에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 변인에만 초점을 맞추었다면, 혁신저항과 같이 특정한 변화를 거부하는 소비자의 심리적 변인을 함께 살펴 이용과 저항의 관점을 모두 살펴보고자 하였다. 혁신확산에 영향을 미치는 소비자특성과 혁신특성 변인을 구성하여 혁신저항과 메타버스에 대한 태도, 메타버스 이용의도와의 관계를 살펴 보았다. 연구결과, 혁신성향과 사회적 이미지, 적합성이 메타버스에 대한 저항에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혁신성향과 사회적 이미지, 적합성, 상대적 이점, 복잡성과 관찰가능성은 혁신저항과 메타버스에 대한 태도를 매개하여 최종적으로 메타버스 이용의도에 정적‧부적 영향력을 가지는 변인으로 드러났다.