• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

Levels of total lipids in the seeds of three species of the Pinaceae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were also analyzed by a gas-chromatograph equipped with a capillary column coated with Carbowax 20M. The results are summarized as follows: Lipid contents of the seeds amounted to 56.9% in P. koraiensis, 29.9% in P. thunbergii, and 21.2% in P. rigida. In all lipids 19${\sim}$20 fatty acid were detected and, surprisingly, fatty acids having ${\Delta}^5$-non-methylene interrupted conjugate double bond such as ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2},{\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}\;and\;{\Delta}^{5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}$ occurred in appreciable amounts. In the lipids of P. koraiensis, the main component was $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6(45.0%)$, followed by $C_18:1{\omega} _9(26.9%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(14.6%)$, and then ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2}(2.2%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}$ were also present. Levels of saturated fatty acid such as $C_{16:0}\;and\;C_{18:0}$ were as low as 7.5%. The seed oil of P. thunbergii predominantly comprised $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6(45.2%)$, and was then occupied by equal amounts ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(18.1%)$ and $C_{18:1}{\omega}_9(18.1%)$. Its ${\Delta}^5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}(5.8%)$ level was the highest in the samples tested. ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2}(2.8%)$ was also detected with other minor components. In the oils from the seeds of P. rigida, $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6$ was present as a main component, accompanied by $C_{18:1}{\omega}_9(21.6%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(20.3%)$. The latter showed higher level than in any other samples. A minor component corresponding to ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12, 15}-C_{18:4}$(not confirmed by GC-Mass) occurred in P. thunbergii and P. rigida.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1983

The galvanic anodes have three kinds of Zn alloy anode, Al alloy anode and Mg alloy anode, which are widely used in cathodic protection for all metal structures in water or under ground. This paper to be used for designing of the grounding cell has reached the following conclusion as the results of an experimental study on the characteristics of such galvanic anodes for corrosion protection of pipings: 1) Zn alloy anode was the best when the specific resistance of the environment was bellow 1000 $\Omega$.cm, and when above 1000 $\Omega$.cm, Mg alloy anode to be used for designing of the grounding cell was the best. 2) Al alloy anode was better than Mg alloy anode for grounding cell when the specific resistance was bellow 500 $\Omega$.cm, but the Al alloy anode in all the environments reduced the characteristics of galvanic anode to the lower grade than those of Zn alloy anode. 3) Each impressed voltage (E) of the anodes at which drainage current density ($\rho$) begins rapidly increasing is quantitatively presented as follows: \circled1 E sub(Zn)=log (4.9465/$\rho$super(0.0639))+11$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.8923i) \circled2 E sub(Al)=log (4.9306/$\rho$super(0.0525))+13$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.9314i) \circled3 E sub(Mg)= log (3.7086/$\rho$super(0.0988))+181$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.5406i) 4) The empirical equations between the drainage current density (i) and impressed environment are modeled as the following type. logi=g+root(n.E+r)(g,n,r; constants)

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

Pd/Si/Pd/Ti/Au ohmic contact to n-type InGaAs was investigated with rapid thermal annealing conditions. Minimum specific contact resistivity of $3.9\times10^{-7}\Omega\textrm{cm}^2$ was achieved at $400^{\circ}C$/20sec. This was related to the formation of Pd-Si compounds by rapid thermal annealing and the in-diffusion of Si atoms to InGaAs surface. However, the specific contact resistivity increased slightly to low-$10^{-6}\Omega \textrm{cm}^2$ at $400^{\circ}C$ for longer than 30 seconds, and to high-$10^{-7}$ at 425~$450^{\circ}C$ for 10 seconds. This resulted from the formation of Pd-Ga compounds. Superior ohmic contact and non-spiking planar interface between ohmic materials and InGaAs were maintained after annealing at high temperature. Therefore, this thermally stable ohmic contact system is a promising candidate for compound semiconductor devices.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

A new bioelectrical impedance method has been developed and evaluated. The electrodes; were made of stainless steel and electrical interfaces were created by an upright subject gripping hand electrodes and stepping onto foot electrodes. Eight tactile electrodes were in contact with surfaces of both hands and feet; thumb, palm and fingers, front sole, and rear sole. Automatic on-off switches were used to change current pathways and to measure voltage differences for target segments. Segmental body resistances and whole body resistance(RWHOLE)were measured in 60 healthy subjects. Segmental resistances of right arm(RRA), left arm(RLA), trunk(RT), right leg(RRL) and left leg(RLL)were310.0$\pm$61.6$\Omega$, 316.9$\pm$64.6$\Omega$, 25.1$\pm$3.4$\Omega$, 236.8$\pm$31.2$\Omega$ and 237.6$\pm$30.4$\Omega$, respectively. Individual segmental impedance indexes(Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT, and Ht2 /RLA) were closely related to lean body mass(LBM)as measured by densitometry ranged from r=0.925 to 0.960. Ht2/(RRA+RT+RLA) predicted LBM slightly better(r=0.969) than the traditional index, Ht2/RWHOLE(r=0.964), supporting the accuracy of the segmental measurement. A multiple regression equation utilizing Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT and Ht2/RRL predicted LBM with r=0.971. Ht2/RRA term of the regression contributed to more than 40$\%$ of the LBM prediction, indicating that lean mass of arm represented whole body LBM more closely than other body segments. The new bioimpedance method was characterized by upright posture, eight tactile electrodes, segmental measurements and utilization of electronic switches in comparison with the traditional method. The measurement with this new method was extremely reproducible, quick and easy to use.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.320-325
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• 2010

NiO thin films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. The processing variables of the oxygen content, sputtering power, and pressure were varied to investigate the electrical properties and surface morphology of NiO films. It was found that the resistivity of NiO films at $1.22{\times}10^2{\Omega}cm$ (2.5% $O_2$ in Ar gas) was greatly reduced to$ 2.01{\times}10^{-1}$ ${\Omega}cm$ (100% oxygen) under a typical sputtering condition of 6 mTorr and 200 watts. In an effort to observe the resistivity variances, the sputtering power was varied from 80 to 200 watts at 6 mTorr with 100% $O_2$. However, the resistivity of the NiO films changed in the range of $10^{-1}-10^{-2}$ ${\Omega}cm$. The dependence on the sputtering power was therefore found to be weak in this experiment. When the sputtering pressure was changed from 3 to 60 mTorr at 200 watts with 100% $O_2$, the resistivity of the NiO films showed the lowest value of $5.8{\times}10^{-3}$ ${\Omega}cm$ at 3 mTorr, which is close to that of commercial ITO films (${\sim}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm$). As the sputtering pressure increased, the resistivity also increased to 4.67 cm at 60 mTorr. The surface morphology of the NiO films was also checked by Atomic Force Microscopy. It was found that the RMS surface roughness values ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 nm and thtthe dependence on the sputtering parameters was weak.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid(18:2\omega6, LA) and aipha-linolenic acid(18:3\omega3. \alpha-LNA) levels on brain development and fatty acid compositions of various lipid classes in the chicken embryo brain tissues. Thirty two ISA Brown layers, 52 weeks-old, were divided into four groups. Birds of each group were given corn-soybean meal based diets added with 1) safflower oil 8%, 2) safflower oil 6% + perilla oil 2%, 3) safflower oil 2% + perilla oil 6%, or 4) perilla oil 8%. Mter 15 days fed the diets. the layers were artificially inseminated to obtain fertile eggs. During the incubation. embryonic brains were sampled at 15th and 21st days. Fatty acid contents were quantitated by using heptadecanoic acid (17:0) as an internal standard. No significant differences in brain weight and in contents of various lipids such as phospholipid. triglyceride, cholesterol. cholesterol ester and free fatty acid in the tissues were found among the dietary groups (P<0.05). The ratios of AA/LA in the brain lipid classes were lowered as the dietary levels of perilla oil were increased. Higher LA was found in phosphatidylcholine(PC) than arachidonic acid (20:4\omega6. AA), meanwhile the level of LA was less than AA in phosphatidylethanolamine(PE). Docosahexaenoic acid(22:6\omega3, DHA) was the* major fatty acid in the tissue and its content in PE was 2.5~3 times higher than in PC. DHA level in the phospholipid reached at a peak (1.7~1.8 mg/brain) in dietary groups added with 6% or 8% perilla oil. suggesting that no more increase in that fatty acid level in the brain tissue could be obtained by consuming more \alpha-LNA, the major precursor of DHA.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that is characterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (${\omega}$-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with ${\omega}$-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group (CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; the treatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of ${\omega}$-3 FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment. Results: A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ${\omega}$-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ${\omega}$-3 FAs may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or C management of chronic periodontitis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.534-538
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• 2000

Sample frying oil was manufactured from simple mixing treatment of capsicum. butter flavor and silicone resin. the amount were 0.20, 0.15% ($\omega$/$\omega$) and 10 rpm in soybean oil, respectively. This frying oil was confirmed to improving of heat stability as well as removal effect of meat flavor. Frying oil obtained from treatment of capsicum and silicone resin was appeared, acid value and smoke point were 0.301, 232$\^{C}$, than its value in the non-treated soybean oil were 0.385. 220$\^{C}$, respectively, in the case of continuous frying at 185$\pm$2$\^{C}$. These effects were likely to according both anti-oxidation effect of capsicum and inhibition of free fatty acids and smoke production from anti-expansion of surface area in frying oil. Meat flavor and burnt flavor of oil in the frying oil and fried foods were weakened by treating of butter flavor(0.15%, $\omega$/$\omega$), this effect will be produced to new type\`s frying oil product.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1989

To compare antioxidant action of u 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on lipid peroxidation in rats, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and membranes of liver and brain and activities of antioxidant-related enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood, were studied. Malondialdehyde contents of $\omega3$ PUFA and sardine oil groups were significantly decreased compared with lard group as control (p<0.05). Catalase and superoxide dismutase showed higher activities in $\omega3$ PUFA and sardine oil groups than those of lard control group. These findings suggest that fish oil has a inhibitory effect on formation of lipid peroxides in blood and membranes of rats.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2013

We have developed the synthetic processes for the monomers of polyamide-type TPEs (thermoplastic elastomers, TPAEs) obtained from vegetable oil. TPAEs have several superior physical properties to those of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). From the common starting material, oleic acid, which is commonly found in various vegetable oils, we have synthesized three ${\omega}$-amino acid monomers ($C_9$, $C_{10}$ and $C_{11}$ ${\omega}$-amino acid) and three ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-dicarboxylic acids($C_9$, $C_{10}$ and $C_{11}$ ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-dicarboxylic acid) for TPAEs in good yields.