• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2001

The technique that could collect efficiently the hanji fibrous sludge from wastewater using surfactants was developed. When fibrous sludge of which concentration was about 80mg/L, was floated and collected, the optimum concentration of sodium oleate, the pore size of glass filter and the air flow rate were 10mg/L, $5-10{\mu}m$ and 200mL/min., respectively. The behavior of sodium oleate might be interfered by polyvalent cations such as $Ca^{2+}$. But when the concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was less than 100mg/L, the interference effect did not appear. And when a typical cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB), was used, the collecting yield was less than that of sodium oleate, and the amount of foam was higher than sodium oleate. When 1mg/L of CTAB was added to the hanji sludge sample contained 1mg/L of $PAMID^{(R)}$, a dispersant, fibrous sludge was effectively coagulated, the flotation time was very short and the collecting yield was above 95%. But in the case, sodium oleate was inefficient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.586-590
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• 2003

The pharmacological effect of Korean-Chinese traditional herbal medicine, Hawangyeonhaedoktang (HT) on experimentally induced-triglyceride accumulation in cultured human hepatocyte HepG2 cells was studied. HePG2 cells were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium without (Control medium) or with HT (0.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL) containing 1 mM oleate, 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and glucose 4.5 mg/mL for 6 and 24 hours in experiment I and 2 mM oleate, 0.5% BSA, and glucose 4.5 mg/mL for 6, 24 and in hours in Experiment II or 1 and 3 hours in Experiment III. Oleate ［$^{14}$ C］(0.5 $\mu$Ci/mL medium) added as a radioactive lipid precursor in the experiment I. In the experiment I, the intracellular triglyceride concentration was decreased remarkably during incubation for 6 and 24 hours, in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, HT caused a decrease in the incorporation of ［$^{14}$ C］ oleate into intracellular triglyceride fraction and the secretion of triglyceride labeled with ［$^{14}$ C］ oleate into medium. In the experiment II and III compared to experiment I, the triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells was occurred, and HT prevented the accumulation of triglyceride during incubation for 24 and 48 hours. This result suggest that HT prevent the triglyceride accumulation in human hepatocytes by its inhibiting action on the intercellular triglyceride biosynthesis.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.252-256
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• 2004

We formed silver nanocrystallites by the thermal decomposition of a $Ag^{+1}$-oleate complex, which was prepared by a reaction with $AgNO_{3}$ and sodium oleate in a water solution. The resulting monodispersed silver nanocrystallites were produced by controlling the temperature (290$^{\circ}$C). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of the particles showed a 2-dimensional assembly of the particles with a diameter of $9.5{\pm}0.7nm$, demonstrating the uniformity of these nanocrystallites. An energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of the nanocrystallites showed the highly crystalline nature of the silver structure. We analyzed the decomposition of the $Ag^{+1}$-oleate complex using a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and observed the crystallization process using XRD.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1990

The magnetite ferrofluids of which solvents are water or kerosene have been prepared by making surfactant absorbed on the surface of the magnetite which have been synthesized by air oxidation of Fe(OH)2 at pH 11 and 75$^{\circ}C$, and their basic properties have been measured by XRD, SEM, DTA, TG, viscometer, magnetometer and B-H tracer. The results are as follows ; 1) The shape of magnetite prepared by air oxidation is found to be sphere-like shape and its particle size is smaller than 200A. 2) The maximum amount of sodium oleate adsorbed on the surface of magnetite is about 20% in the weight of the magnetite including the adsorbed sodium oleate. And when magnetite is well dispersed into solvent, R(the weight ratio of the added sodium oleate to Fe3O4) is 0.40-0.48. 3) The dispersion ratio, the viscosity and the magnetization of magnetite ferrofluid are constant regardless of the added amount of sodium oleate above R=0.40-0.48. 4) The magnetic hysteresis curves of magnetite ferrofluid show superparamagnetism-like behavior.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2003

The effects of different rumen protected forms, oleamide, Ca oleate, of dietary oleic acid on the carcass quality and fatty acid composition in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissues of Hanwoo steer were examined. Sixty, 25 month old Hanwoo steers divided into three groups were fed no supplement (Control), 2% of oleamide (Oleamide) or Ca-oleate (Ca-Oleate) in their diet for 45 or 90 days. Disappearance rates of oleic acid supplements in digestive tracts (Rumen bypass, abomasal and intestinal disappearance rate) were 48.5, 68.4 for oleamide and Ca oleate, respectively. Both oleic acid supplements affected feed intake, growth rate, cold carcass weight and carcass fatness. Live weight gain, carcass weight, backfat thickness and marbling score were higher in the oleic acid supplemented steers compared with those from the control. Oleic acid supplements increased marbling score and ether extract in Hanwoo steer m. logissi thoracicmus. Rumen protected oleic acid increased not only the level of oleic acid but also polyunsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissue. Total saturated fatty acid contents in both fat tissues were decreased whereas total unsaturated fatty acid content was increased compared with those from control. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly higher in Ca oleate than any other steers. Lipid metabolites in blood were increased in rumen protected oleic acid treatments. HDL content in blood was increased in Ca-oleate supplemented steers whereas LDL was decreased compared with control. The changes of fatty acid compositions in the rumen protected oleic acid supplemented steers suggest that the oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid were protected from rumen biohydrogenation and can be deposited in the fat tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2002

${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ Acid (GABA) is contained in pancreatic islet ${\beta}-cells$ although its physiological role in pancreatic exocrine function is completely unknown at the present time. Recently, we have reported that exogenous GABA enhances secretagogue-evoked exocrine secretion in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas. This study was aimed to investigate an effect of exogenous GABA on pancreatic exocrine secretion in vivo evoked by intestinal stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.4 g/kg) after 24-h fast with free access to water. GABA $(10,\;30\;and\;100\;{\mu}mol/kg/h),$ given intravenously, did not change spontaneous pancreatic amylase secretion but dose-dependently elevated the amylase secretion evoked by intraduodenal sodium oleate (0.05 mmol/h). GABA $(30\;{\mu}mol/kg/h)$ also further increased the amylase secretion stimulated by CCK (30 pmol/kg/h) plus secretin (20 pmol/kg/h) but failed to modify the amylase secretion induced by secretin alone. GABA $(10,\;30\;and\;100\;{\mu}mol/kg/h)$ also dose-dependently elevated pancreatic amylase secretion evoked by CCK alone. Bicuculline $(100\;{\mu}mol/kg/h),$ a $GABA_A-receptor$ antagonist, markedly reduced the GABA-enhanced pancreatic responses to sodium oleate, CCK plus secretin or CCK alone. The results indicate that GABA enhances the sodium oleate-evoked pancreatic amylase secretion via $GABA_A-receptor$ in anesthetized rats, which may account for elevating the action of CCK released by sodium oleate.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2020

In this study, pre-treatment was performed on kapok, a hydrophobic fiber, to compare dyeability by hydrophilization. The pretreatment conditions of kapok fiber were used with different amounts of sodium oleate(NaO), a fatty acid-based anionic surfactant, and xanthan gum(XG) as a natural thickener. At this time, NaO and XG were separately or mixed treated with 0.01%, 0.1%, 1% aqueous solution at 80℃ for 30 min. Hydrophilicity through dyeing was confirmed using Sappan wood extract. Therefore, SEM observation was performed to investigate the surface change of kapok fiber according to the conditions. The surface color difference was also analyzed. Pretreated kapok fibers were made from nonwoven fabrics and the contact angles were measured to determine their hydrophilization. The surface of the fiber after pretreatment was found to be cracked when NaO and NaO were mixed with XG. The surface color was the highest in a^⁎ and K/S values after the simultaneous treatment of NaO and XG, followed by NaO pretreatment and XG pretreatment. The contact angle of kapok fiber made of nonwoven fabric was slightly lower at 300g/㎡ than the fabric weight of 150g/㎡. Such hydrophilized nonwoven kapok fiber are expected to be used in various fields.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2012

Nargenicin $A_1$ is a 28-membered polyketide macrolide, with antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, produced by Nocardia sp. CS682. In this study, the production of nargenicin $A_1$ was improved by enhancing the supply of different biosynthetic precursors. In Nocardia sp. CS682 (KCTC11297BP), this improvement was ~4.62-fold with the supplementation of 30 mM methyl oleate, 4.25-fold with supplementation of 15mM sodium propionate, and 2.81-fold with supplementation of 15 mM sodium acetate. In Nocardia sp. metK18 and Nocardia sp. CS682 expressing S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (MetK), the production of nargenicin $A_1$ was improved by ~5.57-fold by supplementation with 30 mM methyl oleate, 5.01-fold by supplementation with 15 mM sodium propionate, and 3.64-fold by supplementation with 15 mM sodium acetate. Furthermore, supplementing the culture broth of Nocardia sp. ACC18 and Nocardia sp. CS682 expressing the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex (AccA2 and AccBE) with 30 mM methyl oleate, 15 mM sodium propionate, or 15 mM sodium acetate resulted in ~6.99-, 6.46-, and 5.58-fold increases, respectively, in nargenicin $A_1$ production. Our overall results showed that among the supplements, methyl oleate was the most effective precursor supporting the highest titers of nargenicin $A_1$ in Nocardia sp. CS682, Nocardia sp. metK18, and Nocardia sp. ACC18.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1991

Generally, it has been known that cholecystokinin (CCK) release into the plasma is under cholinergic control, but secretin release is not. Thus in anesthetized dogs we studied the effect of atropine $(50\;{\mu}g/kg\;followed\;by\;50\;{\mu}g/kg/hr)$ on pancreatic secretion and plasma concentrations of bioactive CCK and immunoreactive secretin in response to intraduodenal perfusion of sodium oleate (1, 3 and 9 mmol/hr). The volume, protein output and bicarbonate output of the secretion were increased by sodium cleats and this oleate-induced secretion was decreased significantly by atropine administration. However the increased plasma CCK and secretin levels by sodium oleate were not changed by atropine. These results indicate that atropine suppressed sodium oleate-induced pancreatic secretion through inhibiting cholinergic mechanism directly rather than decreasing the release of pancreatic secretory hormones. In another set of experiments, bilateral cervical vagi were stimulated electrically to observe the changes of pancreatic secretion and the above two plasma hormone levels in the presence or absence of atropine. In the vagally stimulated dogs, the volume, protein output and bicarbonate output of the pancreatic secretion were increased significantly. Both plasma secretin and CCK were concomitantly released significantly by vagal stimulation. Atropine significantly depressed the pancreatic secretory response as well as the release of these two pancreatic secretory hormones. Therefore, we conclude that in the presence of atropine the depressed pancreatic response to vagal stimulation is at least, in part, due to decreased release of endogenous CCK and secretin. In the vagally stimulated animals, however, the involvement of direct cholinergic influence on pancreatic exocrine gland remains to be answered.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.370-373
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• 2010

Preharvest treatment with 4% ethyl oleate on 'Merlot' ($Vitis$ $vinifera$ L.) grape reduced the thickness of the epidermal and hypodermal layers with significantly enhanced pigmentation. Thickness of the skin in treated berries was $90-107{\mu}m$, whereas those in control berries were $126-189{\mu}m$. Decreases in the thickness of epidermal and hypodermal cell layers seemed to be due to cellular death or dehydration by rapid senescence after the treatment. Immediate change observed in treated berries was the deformation of the wax that appeared melted resulting in color improvement. Total anthocyanin was also increased by ethyl oleate treatment. Separate forms of anthocyanins, acylated and methoxylated anthocyanins increased, whereas hydroxylated anthocyanins tended to decrease.