• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
• /
• no.54
• /
• pp.107-153
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the marriage decision-making process and experience of the 'Older women-Younger men couple' and presenting a substantive theory to explain the decision-making process that married women experience of 'Older women-Younger men couple'. This in-depth interviews were conducted 11 female people among 32-48 years of 'Older women-Younger men couple.' Analysis of the data was applied to the "grounded theory" method of Qualitative research methods suggested by Strauss and Corbin(1998). Research questions of this study is that what is the experience of the marriage decision-making process to 'Older women-Younger men couple?'. After analyzing the data to the grounded theory method 75 concepts and 29 sub-categories, 14 categories were derived. Older women experienced a central phenomenon of 'ambivalence of love and anxiety'.'Older women-Younger men couple's marriage decision-making process of the women had to 'step adjustment', 'acceptable level', 'Step enacted', and 'Older women-Younger men couple's core category of married women in the decision-making process' was 'Intimacy based on the trust each other beyond the prejudices of the differences'. This study is meant by presenting the basic data provided professional counseling intervention measures for 'Older women-Younger men' couple by collectively Understanding the decision-making process of Older women-Younger men couple married.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.267-271
• /
• 1998

To evaluate nutrient intakes of the first generation Korean -Americans in Hawaii, a dietary survey was conducted using a food frquency questionaire which included 139 food items most often consumed among Korean foods and American foods. The questionnaire surveyed 157 first generation Korean-Americans living in Hawaii. The 66.7~81.1% of first generation Korean-Americans in Hawaii were of healthy weight. The mean percentages of calories obtained from their dietary analyses were 61% carbohydrate, 23% fat and 16% protein. The calorie distribution of their diet appeared to be similiar between older women and older men, however it was seen that men consumed a higher percent of calories from fat than women among younger subjects. The mean dietary intakes for first generation Korean-Americans exceeded recommended intakes for protein, thiamin, niacin , vitamin A, vitamin C, folacin , phosphorus and iron , but the intakes of energy, riboflavin, vitamin B6 ,vitamin E, calcium and zinc were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for Americans. Compared with other groups based on age and gender , younger men had significantly(p<0.05) higher intakes of riboflavin, phosohrous, iron and zinc, and lower intake of folacin. Older subjects consumed significantly (p<0.05) less protein, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and zinc than did younger subjects, and most of the first generation Korean-Americans in Hawaii consumed adequate levels of saturated fatty acid . The ratio , however, of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid in the diet of younger men was about 0.61, much lower than the recommeded ration of 1.0 and also was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of other subjects. Moreover, cholesterol intakes of younger men were close th the maximum recommeded level of 300mg/day.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2012

As Korea has rapidly entered the aging society, the Korean government and academia are currently undergoing many researches on senior citizens. There also has been an increase in senior citizens' awareness on the importance of spatial designs that reflect the newly emerged needs brought out by their psychological and emotional changes as well as their physical aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to propose a model for senior citizens' image preference to be adopted in future developments for senior-friendly spatial designs. A literature review and a questionnaire survey were implemented as research methods. The questionnaire survey was conducted at two senior welfare centers located in Seoul and Ansan and two disparate senior colleges, on the subjects of 86 senior citizens aged 60 and older. 7 styles of Romantic, Classic, Country, Modern, Natural, Casual, and Traditional were chosen for the study and the realms to apply the image preference were divided into Space, Element1 and Element2. For Space, its subcategories have been restricted to living room and bedroom while color, furniture and lighting for Element1 and material, pattern and props for Element2. Survey results were statistically analyzed for the correlation among socio-demographic factors of senior citizens, spaces and the elements. The study result showed that older age and men tended to prefer the modern style than younger age or women, and younger women preferred the romantic style. For the color preference in Element1, older men preferred the classic style while women preferred the romantic style. And, for the furniture preference, men with higher income preferred the natural style while women preferred the romantic style. For the pattern preference in Element2, younger people preferred the casual style and it showed that the housing type was the main reason for their preferences. Therefore, the image preference according to their age and gender shall be taken account of as the most important factors when designing environments for senior citizens.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.661-669
• /
• 2001

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the difference in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction by gender and to explore the influences of demographic status. employment characteristics. and job satisfaction/marital satisfaction on each type of satisfaction. Method: Social statistics survey data collected by National Statistical Office in 1998 were used for the secondary analysis in the study. Job satisfaction was measured by questionnaires, which consisted of 12 items such as task, promotion, placement, wage, benefits, future in the work, working environment, human relationship. and working hours. And marital satisfaction was collected by questionnaires which consisted of 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Result: The results show that more than 60% of women were working as part-time employees. Their education levels were lower than men. Men were satisfied significantly more in their jobs than women. Men also had higher marital satisfaction. The employment status had the most important factor on the job satisfaction. and the marital satisfaction was the second important factor among women and men. As for the age, while older men showed higher job satisfaction, younger women showed higher job satisfaction, 28.04% of the variance in the job satisfaction for men and 33.86% for women were accounted for by the following variables: the younger age. the higher education. job satisfaction, and the higher marital satisfaction, 22.15% of the variance in the marital satisfaction for men and 21.19% for women were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were differences in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction between genders, and that job satisfaction and marital satisfaction influenced each other. Employment status was the most predictive factor on the job satisfaction. Married women had an unstable employment status such as part-time position. The stability of employment could be considered as a strategy for enhancing job satisfaction for both sexes. The reason that women had lower marital satisfaction than men will have to be further investigated.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.15-32
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and preferences of foreigners residing in Korea towards K-fashion. It sought to provide suggestions for the future development of K-fashion targeting this growing demographic. The results revealed that the longer foreigners had lived in Korea, the more positively they rated Korean fashion, shopping, and culture. The majority of foreigners purchased K-fashion items online, with popular choices including T-shirts, jackets, shirts, and jeans. Both men and women identified shoulders as a common problematic area when wearing clothing, with some issues also reported in the lumbar region. In terms of preferences, younger males (teens and twenties) were more inclined towards fads and celebrity wear compared to older males (thirties and forties). Similarly, younger females (teens and twenties) showed a higher preference for functionality and celebrity wear compared to older females (thirties and forties). These findings suggest that men tend to prioritize aesthetic factors when choosing K-fashion, while women prioritize practical considerations. To better cater to foreign consumers, suggestions for the development of K-fashion include promoting it through K-pop stars, considering dimensions related to foreigners' shoulders when designing top items, diversifying colors, sizes, and patterns, and providing English versions of online shopping platforms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.18
• /
• pp.8589-8594
• /
• 2016

Background: Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. In Korea, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for liver cancer but infection rates have been declining since the implementation of the national vaccination program. In this study, we examined the secular trends in liver cancer mortality to distinguish the effects of age, time period, and birth cohort. Materials and Methods: Data for the annual number of liver cancer deaths in Korean adults (30 years and older) were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service for the period from 1984-2013. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to study the shapes of and to detect the changes in mortality trends. Also, an age-period-cohort model was designed to study the effect of each age, period, and birth cohort on liver cancer mortality. Results: For both men and women, the age-standardized mortality rate for liver cancer increased from 1984 to 1993 and decreased thereafter. The highest liver cancer mortality rate has shifted to an older age group in recent years. Within the same birth cohort group, the mortality rate of older age groups has been higher than in the younger age groups. Age-period-cohort analysis showed an association with a high mortality rate in the older age group and in recent years, whereas a decreasing mortality rate were observed in the younger birth cohort. Conclusions: This study confirmed a decreasing trend in liver cancer mortality among Korean men and women after 1993. The trends in mortality rate may be mainly attributed to cohort effects.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2020

Previous work has shown that men both explain and value the act of explaining more than women, as explaining conveys expertise. However, previous studies are limited to English. We conducted an exploratory study to see if similar patterns are seen amongst Japanese speakers. We examined three registers of Japanese: conversational interviews, simulated speeches, and academic presentations. For each text, we calculated two measures: lexical density and the percentage of the text written in kanji. Both are indicators of expository language. Men produced significantly higher scores for the interviews and speeches. However, the results for the presentations depend on age and academic field. In fields in which women are the minority, women produce higher scores. In the field in which men are the minority, younger men produced higher scores but older men produced lower scores than women of the same age. Our results show that in academic contexts, the explainers are not necessarily men but rather the gender minority. We argue that such speakers are under social pressure to present themselves as experts. These results show that the generalization that men tend to explain more than women does not always hold true, and we urge more academic work on expository language.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.470-480
• /
• 2003

This study looks upon the borderless phenomenon of genres and at the disintegration of boundaries in fashion, the current 'borderless trend', and analyze modern men's fashion having borderless phenomenon under social changes and disclose current men's fashion. The borderless phenomenon of men's fashion declines traditional image of gender and expresses modern men's images strongly in accordance with social changes: Thus, in modern days, men's images have changed from muscular men having show-off and superiority to women-like men having pearly skin and slender figure. Men's fashion also looked for feminization to let men like make-up, beauty salon, cosmetic surgery and women-like hair style, etc. Men have been also given women's sexy and sensual beauty to put on innerwear as an outerwearization. The Influx and mixing of mutually different cultures is expressed in Hippie, Ethnic, Oriental trends. Mutually opposing country's factors mix so that a new culture is established. Also, the sharing of fashions amongst younger and older generation has occurred for reasons that are similar to the reasons above.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study were to explore rural adults' awareness of marriage. The data were collected from 369 adults 20 aged and over living in the rural and analysed by marital status and sex, using SPSS/win program. The major finding of this study were as follows; 1) In the mate selection, rural adults valued personality(41.9%) above everything else without difference in sex or marital status. However, while most of unmarried women preferred white collar worker, educated in the college and over, and $1{\sim}4$ older than them, most of married and unmarried men preferred housewives, educated in the high school, and $3{\sim}4$ younger than them. Also, women wanted to live in the urban after the marriage. 2) In connection with wedding ceremony, most of rural adults preferred modern wedding ceremony, appropriately within their circumstance, and general ceremony hall except the unmarried women. 3) Only 45.9% of unmarried women agreed to marriage compared to 74.5% of unmarried men. The unmarried, especially unmarried women, liked more than the married to love marriage. 4) Rural women have more modern attitude toward the marriage than rural men.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2008

This study examined the gender differences' composition affecting poverty in Busan and possible strategies for overcoming poverty. It was found that there were both common and differentiating points regarding gender in poverty situations. Poverty stricken women, tended to be older and less educated than their male counterparts. In the case of men, they were more likely to have physical disabilities than women. There were more women compared to men when regarding divorce and separation due to the death of a spouse as contributing to poverty. Women estimated that it was much easier to overcome their poverty situation as they were younger and had more income. However, there were gender differences in regard to actual re-establishment. For men, education level was the most important variable for overcoming poverty while for women; the existence of a spouse was the important variable. These results suggest that a gender sensitive approach is necessary to address and find solutions to the poverty issue. Therefore, it is hoped that this study's findings may provide valuable information and support for changes to the welfare policy.