• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-52
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• 2023

Korea has developed as an influential country over Asia and all over the world based on remarkable economic development. And the background of this development was possible due to the existence of those who sacrificed precious lives and contributed to the nation's existence in the past crisis. Every year, Korea holds an annual commemorative event with people of national merit, Korean War veterans, and their families, expressing gratitude for sacrifices and contributions at home and abroad, and providing economic support. The tragedy of the Korean War and the pro-democracy movement in Korea over the past half century will one day become a history of the distant past over time. As generations change and the purpose and method of exchange by region change, the tragic situation that occurred earlier and the way people sacrificed for the country are expected to be different from before. In particular, it is true that the number of Korean War veterans and their families is gradually decreasing as they are now old. In addition, due to the outbreak of global infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is difficult to plan and conduct face to face events as well as before. Currently, Korea's digital technology is introducing various methods. 5G communication networks, smart-phones, tablet PCs, and smart devices that can experience virtual reality are already used in our real lives. Business meetings are held in a metaverse environment, and concerts by famous singers are held in an online environment. Artificial intelligence technology has also been introduced in the field of human resource recruitment and customer response services, improving the work efficiency of companies. And it seems that this technology can be used in the field of veterans. In particular, there is a metaverse technology that can vividly show the situation during the Korean War, and a way to digitalize the voices and facial expressions of currently surviving veterans to convey their memories and lessons to future generations in the long run. If this digital technology method is realized on an online platform to hold a veterans' celebration event, veterans and their families on the other side of the world will be able to participate in the event more conveniently.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.293-313
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• 2016

The target stimulating human's sensitivity can include several things; the first is human like us including beautiful women and cute babies. The next ranking is the dog animal that established itself as a human's companion. It is the 3B law(beauty, baby, beast - much used in the ad or election due to the positive image) that is widely used in the advertising. This relationship is being expressed in the art history for a long time. Dogs that have lived a history more than 10 thousand years with humans hunted, protected flock of sheep, and kept the farmer's house and property. They have been human's assistants and companion who entered into the modern urban culture. Like this, dogs have adapted to several situations endlessly such as the nomadic life, farming, country life, and urban life. This paper will explore the close relationship of humans and companion animals through various icons of dogs and pups that appeared through a number of artists' skills. The companion animal means an animal that lives with people, which means the relationship of round-trip rather than the one-way relation those each other gives a help. Therefore, there artist tries to examine the figure of great hunter for survival, highly evaluated figure as the royal dignity, and the mascot-like figure delivering the daily happiness to modern people as presenting joy through a discussion of the 'countenance', a visual signal of the dogs and pups. They have been influenced by screen and popular media in 20C. Snoopy, a main character of and the movie <101 Dalmatians> made a success on the theater and television when Beagle and Dalmatian were prevalent. These main characters make audience feel happy involuntarily. Like this, the continuous and old friendship of the human and dogs will be confirmed again through the icon of dogs and pups consisting of the communication of artists and readers in the modern shape art, and it is hoped to be a psychological stabilizing effect to modern people living in the intense modern society. Therefore, it is expected this study paper will be reborn as a new text and be expanded as an effective communication in the journey of dogs and human in the future in investigating the communion of dogs and human.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.161-189
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• 2015

As the terrorist act inflicted on the American Ambassador to Korea, Mark Lippert on March 5, 2015, the hunting rifle case in Sejong-si in which 3 persons were killed on February 25, and the hunting rifle murder case in Hwaseong-si Namyang-dong on February 27 occurred in succession, there is growing concern that our country is no long safe from firearm violence. Internationally, there is growing concern that our country is no longer safe from international terrorist organizations such as Islamic State (IS), the Sunni Muslims fundamentalists' Islamic militia group, which an 18-year old Korean boy Kim voluntarily joined in January 2015. The police crisis negotiation of our country was established and operated to prepare for the 1988 Olympic Games mainly for counter-terrorism purposes, and due to the characteristics of the prohibition of the use of guns, not a counter-terrorism incident has occurred, so the skepticism about its existence and the development directions are actively being discussed. Our country still prefers the traditional use of force such as SWAT team to resolve crisis case, such as such as murder, terrorism, robbery, and is reinforcing tactical capabilities. However, to perform the primary mission of the police to protect the people's lives and properties, it is necessary to establish the system in which crisis negotiations are possible in the initial stages no matter what incidents may occur by expanding the education for crisis negotiations techniques which are emphasized in the advanced countries such as the United States. In this research, the police department's internal education materials and media are analyzed so that the new police officers who work hardest on the forefront can carry out the roles as basic negotiators of crisis negotiations, and the measures for the development directions of the police crisis negotiations are presented.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 1998

This study purports to examine sociodemographic characteristics and those factors associated with osteoarthritis in women experiencing the disease in order to make suggestions for the prevention and management of osteoarthritis in women. The subjects were 143 women who were diagnosed to have osteoarthritis and under follow-up care at an outpatient department of a university-affiliated hospital. The data were collected through personal interviews by using the structured questionnaire between October 6 and October 24, 1997. The degree of daily living activities was measured with 24 items, which were made based upon Katz Index, Barthel Index and Functional Status Index. Each item has 4 response categories : (1) being able to do alone with any difficulty, (2) being able to do alone with some difficulty, (3) being able to do alone with the help of a person or an instrument, (4) not being able to do at all. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. As for the age of the subjects, 59.4% were between 45 and 64 years, while 28% were 65 years and above. The subjects having religion were 71.7% and 44.1% of the subjects were protestants. The educational level was low : 31.5% graduated from elementary school, while 30.1% had no formal education. Those married subjects were 72%. Fifty nine percent of the subjects evaluated their economic status as middle class. 2. Those people from whom the subjects currently receive some help were spouses in 35.8% of the subjects. Likewise, 50% of the subjects indicated spouse as the people from whom they want to receive help. 3. The score of the ability of daily living activities ranged between 48 and 96, with the mean of 78.94. Those means of physical activity, ADL(activities of daily living) and IADL(instrumental activities of daily living) were 14.89, 13.97 and 50.09, respectively. Except for the items of carrying heavy stuff and of washing clothes in the sitting position the subjects showed independence in more than 90% of the items, where Independence is defined as being able to do alone or with the help of a person or an instrument. 4. The increase in age was a significant predictor of the decrease in the ability of daily living activities. Those graduated from middle school and above showed a significantly higher degree in the ability of daily living activities than those with less educational level. The married women revealed significantly higher scores in physical activity, ADL, and IADL than the unmarried ones. The ability of daily living activities was not significantly related to having religion, economic status and living with family. 5. The average duration of experiencing osteoarthritis was 4 years and 7 months. Regarding the site of the onset, 65% of the subjects indicated knees. The women with osteoarthritis for less than 3 years were 65%. The ability of daily living activities was significantly different by the duration of illness : the longer the duration of illness, the less the ability of activities. The above findings suggest the need for developing those programs for prevention disabilities in performing daily living activities and for managing diseases targeting the women of middle and old age, with low educational level, and with unmarried status. In addition, there should be developed an instrument for measuring the ability of daily living activities which reflects daily lives of Korean women with osteoarthritis in order to examine comprehensive effects of osteoarthritis on women's daily lives in this country.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2009

This study examines the changes of income, everyday life and living condition of consumer in the aftermath of financial crisis. In this period financial crisis was the crucial factor behind various social problems such as the dissolution of families and individuals. This research explores the range and degree of impact on individuals and social groups after the financial crisis. We explore the social mobility in terns of maintaining middle class and falling into the lower class measured by middle class identification. The 60% of the middle class before the financial crisis maintained the middle class position and the rest of people left out of middle class and fell into lower class. The 60% of those who has been maintained and has just became the members of middle class were college - educated people. The great part of people whose income and assets has increased after financial crisis belongs to college - educated group. Many of those whose income have decreased belong to the high school educated group and blow, the older than 50 years old, self - employed without employee and unpaid family employee. Those whose income and assets decreased and those who experienced downward mobility have undergone changes in everyday life and living conditions as a consumer. Many of them experienced the unemployment, nonpayment or credit - delinquency, dissolution of family, worsening health condition, depression, feeling the impulse to commit suicide simultaneously. The poor consumer disposition, reduction of living expenses, sound consumer culture have expanded to people since economic crisis. The middle class reported that the cost of private education often goes beyond the family ability to pay. The lower class has suffered from the cost of living. In a meanwhile luxury goods preference, consumer consciousness for status symbol have continuously increased among all the classes since 1997. Thus fluctuations of one's income and social mobility during past 10 years were some of the major determinants which brought about the various damaging life events, changes of living conditions and everyday lives as a consumer.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.199-222
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• 2011

While Korea has actively discussed the fields of comics and animation, with an aim toward public art and publicity for cultural welfare, research on public cultural content for the underprivileged and their regions is in fact lacking. The Korean government has also tried to improve Korea's cultural welfare, but its benefits have failed to be evenly given to the underprivileged. Therefore, we need to take greater interest in the underprivileged and their regions. Korea should work to correct the unbalance among regions in the field of cultural welfare (cultural differences between the capital area and other regions, and between new towns and old), as well as improve the living environments of isolated areas. For this reason, such a public art project should be conducted from two directions. First, the underprivileged living in poor conditions should be allowed to live in clean and cultural environments. And second, public art, comics, and storytelling through animation should be formed with an eye on urban culture. This project aims to focus on improving "the quality of citizens' lives" through creating the unique characteristics and landscape of the city. It will be presented through the use of public art, which presents the elements of the city with charm and vitality. The two directions stated above are our urgent tasks. Public art, comics, and animation storytelling regarding the history, culture, and natural resources of the region will develop with the affection and pride of the citizens, and public art will help create an environment that allows people to discuss their issues. In addition, it will be cultural environments that will allow all citizens to enjoy beautiful streets and events. This project will be an opportunity to realize cultural democracy by pursuing social values such as publicity, communication, equality, and participation.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2020

Objective : This study was designed to analyze the concepts of current use and meaningful activity in the elderly and provide basic data on establishing concept of participation in meaningful activity and clinical applications. Methods : Using RISS, Google Scholar, Published and DBpia databases, the literature published in the journal was collected from January 2010 to July 2019. The main search term used was "meaningful activity" and 10 of the 182 papers were finally selected for analysis. Based on the qualitative level assessment study by Arbesman, Scheer and Lieberman (2008), the selected paper were classified as Level I to Level V. Results : Five out of 10 studies were published within the last 5 years, indicating that meaningful activity-related studies have been conducted recently. Through prior studies, the concept of meaningful activities was summarized as those that enable individuals to realize their values, achieve their goals and experience positive emotions in their daily lives. Conclusion : The concepts and direction of assessment tools derived from this study will be the basis for the study of 'meaningful activity participation' as a solution to the aging society's elderly problems in the future.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2003

At the global times, each country is developing various designs, symbolizing its m country's original images. So significant and continual developments must be made in the aspect of the national identity and image promotion as well as for producing added value by commercializing the designs in the manner of discriminating against other cultures. What is the image which represents Korea\ulcorner Though there are many images, such as the national flag of Korea, a rose of Sharon, the Korean national anthem, Kimchi, Korean clothes, in this research I select "Taeguek" patterns in order not only to be able to associate the Korean national flag but to have a strong odor tone and aesthetic factors. The "Taeguek" patterns, Which stands for harmony and prosperity, have been used in the Korean buildings and in the small tolls for practical lives of Korean people from the old times. Recently we are asked to develop a variety of cultural assets for lots of international event held these days. So this research is trying to apply the patterns of "Taeguek" to our reality, the division of the Korean peninsular. In the doctrine of the five natural elements, although Um and Yang are incompatible, they can be combined and then lead to a mutual harmony by accomplishing a good balance. Just in the same way, the South and North, which seem incompatible by appearance, can live together and eventually be united. By implanting that meaning into the patterns of "Taeguek", the postcards can make the meaning of unification visually dear and can assist to speed up the unification of south and North and to show our hope to the world.North and to show our hope to the world.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.50
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• pp.87-108
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• 2002

According to Neo-liberalism, the privatization of social security systems is pivotal for a country's economic growth and the wellbeing of its people, because such systems hinder the full operation of the market, eventually leading the national economy to collapse. The Chilean case of pension privatization is often cited as a good evidence for the Neo-liberal argument. Neo-liberalists say that Chile has experienced a rapid economic growth and retirees have enjoyed a much more pension payment since the national pension system was successfully privatized in 1981. The primary purpose of this article is to provide a critical review on the results of the Chilean pension privatization reform implemented in 1981. This study is intended to give an objective understanding of the reform because the existing evaluations, particularly those from the neo-liberalism, over-emphasize the bright sides of the reform. for this purpose, this article will pay a particular attention to the change in the level of pension payment after the reform. The conclusion of this study is that, contrary to the argument of Neo-liberalism, the pension reform has lowered the level of pension payment and, compared to the old public pension, has made the lives of ordinary retirees less secure. Reorganization of the social security system is more desirable than privatization as a remedy for the current problems of the welfare state.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.70
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• pp.495-524
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• 2018

This study investigated the literary theory of Jang Jiyeon and his compilation consciousness of the historical biography, and based on this, the study examined the aspect and characteristic of the personage adoption of "Ilsayusa". To figure out the characteristic of "Ilsayusa", this study attempted to investigate the Jang Jiyeon's cognition on epic literature first. Jang Jiyeon had interest in the historical biography in his early days. But he clearly expressed the negative position about the novels which had been handed down from old times, mentioning about their harmful effect, even though they were in a big popularity. The good readings he thought was supposed to be helpful for person's work, study, personality and even the custom, so it is thought that the compilation of "Ilsayusa" was planned as a part of a usefulness to help readers' actual lives by summarizing Jang Jiyeon's philosophy as the form of a historical biography of personages who had actually existed. The direct motivation and the awareness of the problem to compile "Ilsayusa" could be confirmed by the postscript he left. Pointing that Joseon's policy of appointing persons of ability resulted in the loss of the nation, Jang Jiyeon paid attention to the classical scholars from low class, people from under middle class and the local figures in Hamgyeongdo and Pyeongando in the process of compiling "Ilsayusa". Along with this, a kind of a sense of duty that the old heritage must be examined by descendents was manifested as the compilation of "Ilsayusa". Through this, Jang Jiyeon tried to show the good model to the readers of "Ilsayusa" what the way of living would be for raising their volition and keeping the fundamentals. The tendency and characteristic of compiling personages in "Ilsayusa" could be sorted in a few ways as written below. First, it includes all kinds of all actually existed episodes while he was collecting various historical biographies published before. Second, it includes the new kinds of personages paying particular attention to figures of middle class and commoners. Third, it compiled the female figures in a great volume and described new model of woman. Fourth, for areas, it has episodes of all areas in the nation including Pyeongando and Hamgyeongdo. Thinking about all the discussion above, we could estimate that "Ilsayusa" is the definitive edition of these kinds of books which inherited all performances of the biographical literature in better way, which had been accomplished in 19th century.