• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.707-716
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• 2020

Red sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, was dried using three methods-far-infrared ray, vacuum, and freeze drying and then enzymatically hydrolyzed using nine proteases: Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Protamex, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain. In addition, the potential ability of hydrolysates to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was evaluated. The yield of hydrolysates from red sea cucumbers dried using each method was higher than that of the distilled water extract, and protein contents were either similar or higher. The hydrolysates that exhibited inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation, as demonstrated via Oil red O staining, were those obtained by far-infrared ray drying coupled with Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, or Neutrase treatment. In addition to the advantages of far-infrared drying and the characteristics of Flavourzyme, the Flavourzyme hydrolysate of far-infrared-dried red sea cucumber showed the highest inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. In addition, this hydrolysate significantly decreased the expression of the protein factor fatty acid-binding protein 4, which is related to the late differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that Flavourzyme hydrolysates from farinfrared-dried red sea cucumber may be used as a functional food and/or a pharmaceutical ingredient for the inhibition of lipid accumulation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

In order to reconstruct the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish(Hwangchil) made from the exudates of D. morbifera, this study in the second step was carried out to analyze the chemical composition and oil properties of the exudates for coatings and bark extractives made from the trees of D. morbifera more than 20 years old grown in Wando and Jejudo islands in the southwestern part of Korean peninsula according to the physiological seasons. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The exudates appeared to be a phytoalexin because it exudated after several days in tapping only in summer season. 2. Both the exudates and bark-extracts with acetone contained 50~60% unsaponifiables and 30~50% saponifiables 3. A major component of essential oil in bark-extractives was ${\beta}$-cubebene and reached to 60~80%, while that of exudates included only 34% ${\beta}$-cubebene and some other compounds such as ${\beta}$-cadinene of 12%, aromadendrene of 9%, ${\beta}$-selinene of 9%, CAS030021-74-0 of 10%, etc. in GC-MS spectrometer. 4. A mjor component of fatty oil fraction in bark-extractives was linoleic acid and reached to more than 60%, while the exudates had mostly other components such as terpenes and phenolics instead of fatty acids accordint to GC-MS spectrometer. 5. Iodine value of samples after oil refining had 214mg/g in the exudates and more than than 150mg/g in bark-extractives, so the latter belonged to a drying oil.. 6. Therefore, the exudates from D. morbifera for traditional Korean golden varnish seems to have beeen used to a good varnish because it has some specific compounds different from its bark-extractives or general varnishes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 1995

The industrial procedure for the preparation of dietary fiber material from Lentinus edodes by drying and grinding process was developed. The chemical composition of dietary fiber of mycelia was as follows; crude protein: 16.16%, crude fat: 2.96%, crude ash: 3.25% and carbohydrates: 77.63%. The mycelia contained total dietary fiber of 54.5%. The 40 mesh pass of dietary fiber exhibited water-holding capacity 7.39g water/g and oil-holding capacity 2.03g oil/g, while $40{\sim}80$ mesh of dietary fiber had water-holding capacity 7.80g water/g and oil-holding capacity 2.77g oil/g.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Upgrading technology has been studied for efficient utilization of low rank coal. Spray coating of heavy oil was applied on the upgrading process in order to stabilize low rank coal against spontaneous combustion. Low rank coal, which contains more than 30wt% of moisture, was upgraded to high calorific coal and stabilized by spray coating of heavy oil. It was identified that spray coating of heavy oil after drying coal is the optimum procedure of upgrading low rank coal. The experimental results show that more than 2wt% of heavy oil should be adsorbed on the coal in order to stabilize sufficiently for spontaneous combustion.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2022

An exothermic oil absorbent sheet with calcium chloride crystals can be fabricated, by dipping a clean polypropylene fabric in calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid solution and drying it. The exothermic oil absorbent sheet applied to the seawater surface, releases heat by the dissociation of calcium chloride. The dissociation heat liquefies the solidified low-sulfur fuel oil at a low temperature, and converts it to a state at which it can be absorbed. The optimum mole concentrations of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid required for the exothermic oil absorbent sheet, are 0.25 M and 0.5 M, respectively. The oil absorption capacity of the exothermic oil absorbent sheet for low sulfur fuel oil depends on the seawater temperature. But, it is highly excellent at 4.5-7.08 g/g at 10℃, the average seawater temperature during the winter in Korea. The exothermic oil absorbent sheet is an excellent alternative in absorbing low-sulfur fuel oil in winter and removing it from seawater.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.190-194
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• 2015

The splash zone is the most corrosive area of the marine environment, and the corrosion of steel structures exposed in this area is a serious concern. DH36 steel is one of most commonly used steels for offshore oil platforms in China, and its corrosion behaviour in splash zones was studied in this paper. Polarization curves were obtained from the corroded steel exposed in this area while the morphologies and rusts of the rust steel were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Double rust layers were formed in the splash zone. The inner layer contained magnetite and fine flaky lepidocrocite, and the outer layer was composed of accumulated flaky lepidocrocite and a small amount of goethite. In the wet period, the iron dissolved and reacted with lepidocrocite, and magnetite appeared, while the magnetite was oxidized to lepidocrocite again during the dry period. Electrochemical reduction and chemical oxidization cycled in intermittent wetting and drying periods, and magnetite and lepidocrocite were involved in the reduction reaction, leading to serious corrosion.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2008

Print-through is one of the most important attributes of print quality and has long been a subject to study. However, some aspects of print through are still in need to be enlighten. In this paper, different kinds of evaluating methods for print through are compared using densitometry, brightness, and image analysis. Printing conditions including ink feed, drying condition, and emulsification rate are systematically changed to effect print-through both on uncoated and coated commercial papers. Also several inks from different makers are introduced and compared in terms of print-through propensity. From the results, densitometry is not a good indicator for print through on the papers in this study. Ink feed has a strong effect on print through, especially for uncoated paper and should be considered in a point of optimum ink feed level in real world. Contribution of faster ink(oil) absorption seems to be more competitive than that of ink(oil) evaporation resulting in severer print-through for hot drying process. It is shown that ink-water emulsification rate increases print through at mild level but easy to decrease it with lower density due to the increase of water contents in emulsion. It is believed that the effect of absorption overwhelms that of density drop at mild emulsification level. This study does not include the effect of ink attributes in detail but shows that distinctive differences in print through may be resulted from various ink-makers and is finalized with some suggestions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2009

Poly(${\varepsilon}-caprolacton$)/ethyl cellulose (PCL/EC) microcapsules containing pluronic F127 were prepared by a spray drying method. The aqueous phase, 20% of pluronic F127 was dissolved in distilled water, and the organic phase, 5% of PCL and EC were dissolved in dichloromethane. The microcapsules were obtained by spray drying the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy and particle analyzer, tens of micro size microcapsules were observed. On a differential scanning calorimeter, the phase transition temperatures of microcapsules were observed and they were found around those of pluronic F127 and poly(${\varepsilon}-caprolacton$), which were the main components of the microcapsules. At the range of $30{\sim}45^{\circ}C$, temperature-dependent release properties were investigated using fluorescein isothicyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) and blue dextran as a model drug. When the temperature was increased, the degree of release of microcapsule was also increased. FITC-dextran, the relative low molecular weight, was more released than blue-dextran.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

A total of 7039 strains of filamentous fungi are preserved in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). The 4065 strains (58%) of them, which produce many spores in cultivation on proper media, are preserved with freeze-drying method. They are also preserved with liquid nitrogen and deep-freezer storage in order to minimize loss by death. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizopus, etc. which are common in surrounding environments, are included in this category. The others which do not produce spores, or produce few spores in vitro, are preserved with liquid nitrogen, deep-freezer and mineral oil storage. Phytophthora, Pythium, Cercospora, Septoria, Rhizoctonia, etc. are included in this category. The authors also introduced various fungal preservation methods and provided detailed preservation procedures that are used in KACC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1476-1480
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• 2010

Physicochemical properties of flours prepared from sweet potatoes with different flesh color (white, yellow/orange and purple) were investigated. Sweet potatoes were soaked in solutions of antibrowning agents such as sodium metabisulfite and citric acid, and freeze or hot air-dried prior to grinding to produce sweet potato flours. Sweet potato flours with different flesh colors showed differences in chemical composition. Purplefleshed sweet potato flour had higher protein, ash, and dietary fiber contents that white and yellow/orangefleshed sweet potato flours. Average particle size of yellow/orange-fleshed sweet potato flour was higher than those of white/yellow or purple-fleshed sweet potato flour. Both water absorption index (WAI) and oil absorption capacity of flours prepared from sweet potatoes by hot-air drying were higher than those from sweet potatoes by freeze drying.