• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.537-540
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• 2009

오일샌드는 아스팔트와 같은 중질유를 10% 이상 함유한 모래 또는 사암으로서, 겉으로 보기에는 시커먼 흙이나 모래처럼 보이나 내부에는 모래(점토)와 같은 광물질이 70~80%, 에너지원으로 활용이 가능한 중질유 성분인 bitumen이 10~18%, 물이 3~5% 정도 혼합되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 오일샌드 활용방안 개발을 위하여 오일샌드로부터 bitumen의 추출 및 증류 특성에 대한 시험을 진행하였으며, 가스화를 통한 합성가스 제조, 합성가스 중 분진제거 및 탈황, CO/$H_2$비 제어를 위한 합성가스 전환 등의 시험을 진행하였는데, pilot급 시스템을 이용한 합성가스 제조 시험 결과 중질잔사유를 5~7 kg/h 공급하는 조건에서 CO 40~50%, $H_2$ 20~30%, $CO_2$ 10~20% 조성의 합성가스 18~22 $Nm^3$/h를 제조하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.372-376
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• 2010

Non-conventional energy is considered as important future energy source, as conventional energy has limitation for its capacity. The demand on value added process in heavy oil/oil sand bitumen is increasing in particular. Solvent Deasphalting (SDA) process for Deasphalted Oil (DAO) is used as heavy oil upgrading process in existing refinery process. SDA process for heavy oil upgrading has been already commercialized by leading countries. SDA R&D projects have been carried out actively by those countries. In this study, patent analysis for SDA technology development was carried out. From 1970's, when SDA patents were applied, the patents in Korea, USA, Japan, Canada and Europe were searched and distributed to extraction, recovery, solvent and etc. 334 patents were selected relating to heavy oil upgrading SDA process. The application status of SDA process patents showed a tendency to increase slightly. The number of patent applied was USA patent 131 (39%), Canada patent 83 (25%), Japan patent 35 (11%) and Korea patent 6 (2%). It will be necessary for efficient use of energy resource to support SDA R&D by government.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 2019

In this study, a complex behavior connector is proposed to overcome the problems that may occur when small pile pipe and micro pile is used as a friction pile concept in the lower foundation of an oil sand plant where a piloti foundation is used. The individual settlement and heaving of piles were connected in one group to allow the composite behavior. This study performed to analyze the load carrying capacity to identify a complex behavior. In addition, the shape of the composite behavior connector was examined to apply the advantages of pile-group and piled raft foundations to oil sand plants. A scale model was constructed to measure the behavior of the load. The stability and weakness of the device were selected to determine the shape of the connector using the scale model testing.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

Biosurfactants or microbial surfactants are surface-active biomolecules that are produced by a variety of microorganisms. Biodegradability and low toxicity have led to the intensification of scientific studies on a wide range of industrial applications for biosurfactants in the field of environmental bioremediation as well as the petroleum industry and enhanced oil recovery. However, the major issues in biosurfactant production are high production cost and low yield. Improving the bioindustrial production processes relies on many strategies, such as the use of cheap raw materials, the optimization of medium-culture conditions, and selecting hyperproducing strains. The present work aims to obtain a mutant with higher biosurfactant production through applying mutagenesis on Bacillus subtilis SPB1 using a combination of UV irradiation and nitrous acid treatment. Following mutagenesis and screening on blood agar and subsequent formation of halos, the mutated strains were examined for emulsifying activity of their culture broth. A mutant designated B. subtilis M2 was selected as it produced biosurfactant at twice higher concentration than the parent strain. The potential of this biosurfactant for industrial uses was shown by studying its stability to environmental stresses such as pH and temperature and its applicability in the oil recovery process. It was practically stable at high temperature and at a wide range of pH, and it recovered above 90% of motor oil adsorbed to a sand sample.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.571-577
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• 2017

In this numerical study, the separation efficiency of three-phase separator in an oil-sand plant was studied with various inlet head configurations. The free water knockout (FWKO) vessel was designed with a flow rate of $15.89m^3/day$ (100 bbl/day) and the SOR(stream-to-oil ratio)=3.5 was derived using Stokes' law. For modularization, optimization of the design of the inlet head configuration was performed with parallel-connected dual FWKO vessels. The feed condition of bitumen emulsion was API=17, $T_{in}=150^{\circ}C$ and $P_{in}=50bar$. A mean residence time was determined the time when 95% of the oil and water in FWKO vessel was separated. The combination between the volume of fluid (VOF) and the discrete phase model (DPM) was used to simulate the phase separation phenomenon in a multi-phase separator. Furthermore, in order to calculate multi-phase flow the pseudo-transient method was adopted.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.11 no.1 s.12
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• pp.18-26
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• 2005

An occurrence of inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) is described from a tidal point bar in a 40-m-deep distributary of the macrotidai, Han River delta, Korea. The channel bank demonstrates a convex-upward profile with intermittent presence or wave-formed scarps and terraces near the low-water level. The vertical succession of IHS is approximately 25 m thick and dips into the channel with angles reaching up to $14^{\circ}C$. The IHS overlies 15 m of trough cross-bedded sand deposited in the channel bottom. Even though the channel as a whole is ebb dominated, the preserved cross bedding is predominantly flood directed because the mutually evasive nature of the ebb and flood currents causes the point bar surface to be flood dominated. The IHS itself consists of inter-stratified fine sand, sandy silt, and silt with an fining-upward textural trend. Seasonal discharge variations of the Han River are not obvious in the deposits, because tile large size, distal location, and energetic tidal environment of the studied channel reduces the impart of river-stage fluctuations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.13-17
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• 2002

Ultrasonic waves have several mechanical, chemical, and biological effects on a saturated soil medium. Their mechanical effects, popularly known as cavitation. Cavitation is the rapid and repeated formation, and resulting implosion, of imcrobubbles in a liquid, resulting in the propagation of microscopic shock waves. In a soil-liquid system, their mechanical effects generate high differntial fluid-particle velocities and microscopic shock waves. The velocity perturbations are capable of dislodging oil in the system by overcoming the forces binding oil to sand particles. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments involving the simple flushing and ultrasonic flushing were carried out. An increase in permeability and oil removal rate were observed in ultrasonic flushing tests. Some practical implications of these results are discussed in terms of technical feasibility of in situ implementation of ultrasonics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2000

All crude oil carries a little of water, sand, and mineral sediment molecules tightly bounded with hydrocarbons. The result is the gradual precipitation of these heavier elements into thick, granular petroleum by products known as crude oil sludge. The oily sludges in ship tanks and in storage facilities have to be treated efficiently in order to keep the security and the capacity of storage facilities, to protect a serious environmental pollution, and to retrieve lost resource. The oily sludge treatment system should be designed to satisfy requirements mentioned in safe work condition. As a basic study, in this paper, an oily sludge treatment system by ultrasonic waves was proposed. Then, the features of ultrasonic energy and recovery of sludge with ultrasonic waves are investigated by experiments. As results, we found that ultrasonic waves are a new energy to flow oil sludge environment-friendly in safe work condition. In addition, it was shown that ultrasonic energy is more efficient than thermal energy in treating oil sludge, and that the volume of wastes for disposal is reduced remarkably.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2006

This paper reports on the effects of silicone oils, used as processing agents, on the recovery of hydrophobicity of silicone rubber. The recovery of hydrophobicity was evaluated by the measuring the contact angle, the surface electrical resistance and SEM. Here, we formed artificial contamination on the surface of samples, which scratched by sand papers and alumina powders. There was small recovery of hydrophobicity on the surface of SIR-A that silicone oil was not added. In both oil-added samples, SIR-B and SIR-C, recovery of hydrophobicity was achieved greatly. The surface of SIR-C showed that a lot of silicone oil was observed due to migration of oil, relatively in comparison with SIR-B. The tendency of recovery of hydrophobicity expressed by contact angle was in a good agreement with electrical property as determined by surface resistivity.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2012

In this paper, compressive strength, water permeability and abrasion resistance of concretes containing high volume fine fly ash (FFA) and fine ground palm oil fuel ash (GPA) were studied. Portland cement type I was replaced with FFA and GPA at dosages up to 70% by weight of binder. Ground river sand (GRS) was also used to replace Portland cement in order to indicate the level of filler effect. Results indicated that FFA was slightly more reactive than GPA. The replacement of 40-70% of FFA produced concretes with compressive strength, permeability and abrasion resistance comparable to those of normal concretes. The incorporation of GPA slightly reduced the performances of concretes as compared to those of FFA concretes. The reduction of Portland cement was partly compensated by the increase in pozzolanic activity of the fine fly ash and palm oil fuel ash and thus enabled the large replacement levels.