• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

An offshore(submarine) cable has been used for more than a century, however it has been used mainly for communication or power supply to near-shore island. Therefore, offshore cable has not been got more attention than other types of cable and the related standards have also not been established well. However wind farms have been shifting from land to offshore because of better wind condition. Consequently, it has been pushing up demand for offshore cable. Hence, this paper introduces the trend of offshore cable industry and related standards or recommendations only focusing on offshore wind farm. In details, the installed offshore cables in offshore wind farms, the main offshore cable makers and up to date technologies are covered. In addition, the related standards or recommendations are also analyzed and compared each other.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2013

Development of the technologies for offshore wind power is proceeding actively and the installation capacity is continuously increasing because of its many advantages in comparison with the land wind power. Accordingly, project for Southwestern 2.5GW offshore wind power plant is in progress in Korea. Design of electric power systems for offshore wind power plant is very important due to its high investment and operational costs. Hence, it needs to be designed in order to minimize costs. This way can be employed in determining the installation location of offshore substation for HVAC wind power plant. According to the offshore substation site, MV inter-array cable and HV export cable lengths vary and they change a total cost regarding submarine cable. This paper represents cost models with variables which are MV inter-array cable and HV export cable lengths to locate the offshore substation for HVAC wind power plant. It is classified into submarine cable installation cost, reactive power compensator installation cost, ohmic losses, and unsupplied energy cost. By minimizing a total cost, an appropriate installation site of the offshore substation is determined.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2018

As the offshore wind farms increase, interest in the efficient power system configuration of submarine cables is increasing. Currently, transmission system of the offshore wind farm uses almost AC system. High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable of the high capacity has long been considered as an enabling technology for power transmission. The HTS cable is a feasible way to increase the transmission capacity of electric power and to provide a substantial reduction in transmission losses and a resultant effect of low CO2 emission. The HTS cable reduces its size and laying sectional area in comparison with a conventional XLPE or OF cable. This is an advantage to reduce its construction cost. In this paper, we discuss the economic feasibility of the 22.9 kV HTS power cable and the conventional AC power cables for an offshore wind farm connections. The 22.9 kV HTS power cable cost for the offshore wind farm connections was calculated based on the capital expenditure and operating expense. The economic feasibility of the HTS power cable and the AC power cables were compared for the offshore wind farm connections. In the case of the offshore wind farm with a capacity of 100 MW and a distance of 3 km to the coast, cost of the 22.9 kV HTS power cable for the offshore wind farm connections was higher than 22.9 kV AC power cable and lower than 70 kV AC power transmission cable.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2022

With the technological advances of offshore wind turbines, the share of power generated by offshore wind farms in power systems is increasing significantly. An export cable transmission system is necessary to connect offshore wind farms to power systems. The voltage rating and reactive power compensation methods of the export transmission system are very critical, as they can influence the power transmission capacity and CAPEX. With this in mind, this paper suggests an acceptable transmission voltage and reactive power compensation method for an export cable system connecting a 400[MW] offshore wind farm to a power system.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

This paper introduces two on-going projects for DC high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems in South Korea. This study proposes the application of DC HTS cable systems to enhance power transfer limits of a grid-connected offshore wind farm. In order to develop the superconducting DC transmission system model based on HTS power cables, the maximum transfer limits from offshore wind farm are estimated and the system marginal price (SMP) calculated through a Two-Step Power Transfer (TSPT) model based on PV analysis and DC-optimal power flow. The proposed TSPT model will be applied to 2022 KEPCO systems with offshore wind farms.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2023

Demand and necessity for eco-friendly offshore wind farms have been increasing. Research on submarine cables is constantly being considered for a reliable and stable power transmission. This study aimed to evaluate the thermal aging characteristic of submarine cables inside the J-tube of offshore wind farms. In this study, a submarine cable was set in three sections: The first is the part exposed to the air above the sea level at high temperature. The second is the section exposed to repeated temperature fluctuation as the sea level rises and falls. The third is the part submerged at low temperature below the sea level. Aged samples were tested by using the method of electrical evaluation to obtain insulation characteristics. The experimental results show that the dielectric breakdown of the sample with temperature fluctuation was 7% lower than the sample with a constant temperature; thereby, demonstrating that the section where the temperature fluctuation occurred in the submarine cables was weaker than the other. The sections of submarine cable with temperature fluctuations are believed as a weak point during operation; therefore, this part should be monitored preferentially.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2014

With an increase in the penetration of offshore wind farm, the need of an accurate economic evaluation of offshore wind farm has become crucial. This paper presents an economic evaluation method of offshore wind farm in Korea reflecting the cost of offshore wind farm infrastructure (offshore substation, submarine cable and foundation) in its cost model. Each cost of offshore substation, submarine cable, and foundation is represented as a function of installed capacity, distance to shore, and water level, respectively. We have applied the method to the case study of offshore in Jeju Island and analyzed the economics under various conditions. The results show that the distance to shore is of importance in economics of offshore wind farm.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2019

해양 플랜트 전장생산설계의 케이블 트레이 설계는 구조 부재 및 각종 의장 장비들과 간섭없이 케이블이 설치될 수 있도록 3D 모델링하여 원활하게 최적 배치하는 작업으로, 대부분 PDMS(Plant design management system)를 이용하여 수행되고 있다. PDMS는 해양 플랜트 생산설계 전용 3D CAD 시스템으로 국내 조선소와 관련 설계협력업체에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PDMS 기반 해양 플랜트 케이블 트레이 설계 지원 PML(Programmable macro language)을 개발하여, 기존 방법 대비 업무 효율성을 검토하였다. 개발된 케이블 트레이 설계 PML은 전장 템프릿 라이브러리를 이용하여 완전히 파라메트릭 설계가 가능하도록 함으로써 설계 변경으로 인한 빈번한 수정 작업에 신속히 대응할 있도록 하였고, 축적된 설계 경험를 반영하여 반복되는 작업 피로를 최소화할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 개발된 시스템을 해양 플랜트 구조 모듈에 적용하여 기존 방법 대비 약 50% 이상의 작업 효율성 향상이 예상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2024

Research on aged insulation of cables by stress is constantly being considered for reliable and stable power transmission of offshore wind farms. This study aimed to evaluate the insulation characteristic of aged XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation for application of offshore wind farms. In this study, The XLPE insulation of cable was set as various mechanical strains. The XLPE insulation is exposed to the mechanical stress below yield strain of 5%, 10%, and 20%. Aged samples were tested by using the method of AC BDV (alternative current breakdown voltage), tensile strength, elongation, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) to obtain insulation characteristics. The experimental results show that the dielectric breakdown of the sample with a strain 20% was 50% lower than the unaged sample; thereby, demonstrating that the mechanical strain that occurred in the submarine cables can weaken the insulation characteristics. Therefore, mechanical strain should be monitored when laying and operating submarine cables for offshore wind farms.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2004

In this study, the improved three-dimensional analysis model designed for a more accurate analysis of marine cable-supported structures, is presented. In this improved analysis model, the beam elements, of which the stability function is derived using Taylor's series expansions, are used to model space frame structures, and the truss elements. The equivalent elastic modulus of the truss elements is evaluated on the assumption that the deflection curve of a cable has a catenary function. By using the proposed three-dimensional analysis model, nonlinear static analysis is carried out for some cable-supported structures. The results are compared with previous studies and show good agreement with their findings.