• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed data of 2,019 postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2011 and were free of cardiovascular disease history. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Waist circumference was used to measure obesity. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight<1 standard deviation below the gender-specific means for healthy young adults. The estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk was calculated by Pooled Cohort Equation. Subjects were classified as non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity based on status of waist circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 16.3% (n=317) and 18.3% (n=369), respectively. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk in the sarcopenic obesity group was higher ($3.82{\pm}0.22%$) than the normal group ($2.73{\pm}0.09%$) and sarcopenia group ($3.17{\pm}0.22%$) (p < 0.000). The odd ratios (ORs) for the ${\geq}7.5%$ 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk were significantly higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (OR 3.609, 95% CI: 2.030-6.417) compared to the sarcopenia group (OR 2.799, 95% CI: 1.463-5.352) (p for trend < 0.000) after adjusting for independent variables (i.e., exercise, period of menopausal, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) score, income, education level, calorie intake, %fat intake and hormonal replacement therapy). Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity appear to be associated with higher risk factors predicting the 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. These findings imply that maintaining normal weight and muscle mass may be important for cardiovascular disease risk prevention in postmenopausal women.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

Hypertension often leads to cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, and hypertention is an important worldwide problem. Body mass index (BMI) has an important role for raising blood pressure. Further, hypertension can be affected by both environmental factors and genetic factors. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension. Genome wide association study (GWAS) is a method of confirming a new locus of increasing the risk of disease, and GWAS has confirmed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with high blood pressure. This study analyzed the relationship between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and SNP of the ATP2B1 gene in 994 Koreans. SNPs that showed the highest statistical significance with systolic and diastolic blood pressures were selected on the multiple linear regression analysis. One-way analysis of variance for systolic and diastolic blood pressures was performed, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the risk of hypertension. The P values were two-tailed, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Four SNPs were associated with systolic blood pressure and six SNPs were associated with diastolic blood pressure. In addition, a genotype-based analysis showed significant odds ratios for the risk of hypertension in older men (adjusted OR, 5.743; 95% CI, 1.173~28.121; P=0.031). This study suggests that the ATP2B1 variants affect both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.512-520
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• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors of arthritis, this study was carried out with 1,829 Korean women aged between 40-64 who responded to a health behavior survey. Methods: Data were extracted from the results of the 2001 National Survey on Health and Nutrition conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Results: 1 Financial difficulty and continuous anxiety about health were directly associated with arthritis. The odd ratios of these two factors of arthritis were 1.43 and 1.82 respectively. 2. With regard to the presence or absence of arthritis according to demographic characteristic, the incidence of arthritis was higher in the age between 50-64, in the group whose education level was middle school or lower, and in those who experienced the death of spouse, divorce or separation. Nevertheless, it was not significantly different according to financial status and employment status. 3. Concerning the presence or absence of arthritis according to psychological characteristic, the incidence of arthritis was found to be higher in those who were not healthy by subjective health assessment, in those who were always anxious about their health, in those who were always depressed and sad, and in those who felt heavy stress. 4. With regard to the presence or absence of arthritis according to the health behavior, the incidence of arthritis was higher in postmenopausal cases and cases who were having hormone therapy, and the incidence of arthritis was higher in those who did not drink alcohol, those with BMI higher than 25, and those who slept shorter than 7 hours a day. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it is required to provide a means applicable to communities by developing preventive education that can prevent the incidence of arthritis in middle-aged women as well as intervention programs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and dental caries experience in Korean adolescents based on the 2010 ~ 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: The study subjects were 2,655 Korean adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. Subjects were classified into four groups according to their serum 25(OH)D levels. We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and for dental caries experience after adjusting for age, household income level, recipient of basic livelihood, tooth brushing and visiting dental clinics. Result: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D insufficiency (20 ng/mL ${\leq}25(OH)D$ < 30 ng/mL) was associated with increased odd ratios (ORs) for dental caries experience in boys (OR = 2.577, 95% CI = 1.013-6.557), compared with serum 25(OH)D sufficiency (25(OH)D ${\geq}30ng/mL$). Conclusion: The serum 25(OH)D levels were found to be related to risk of dental caries experience in Korean adolescent boys.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2009

Purpose: The incidence of upper gastric cancer and especially the diffuse type have increased in western countries. The aim this study was to investigate the chronologic changes of the clinicopathological features and survival rates of Korean upper gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: 1,638 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy were included in this study and they were divided into two groups; the 1990's (1991~1999, n=987) and the early 2000's (2000~2003, n=651). We evaluated the differences of the clinicopathologic features and the factors that affected the survival rates by univariative and multivariative analysis. Results: The older age (>60) patients increased from 42.7% to 50.7% respectively. Being overweight (body mass index$\geq$23) also increased from 31.5% to 43.2%. For the pathology, the incidence of stage Ia gastric cancer increased (29.8% to 44.5%) and the incidence of stage IV gastric cancer decreased (23.5% to 11.8%). Yet there was no difference according to the WHO classification, Lauren's classification and the location of tumor between the groups. The 5 year survival rates increased 67.7% to 83.7%, according to the group. Multivariative analysis showed that the odd ratios of the early 2000s was 0.715 (95% CI; 0.555~0.921) as compared to that of the 1990s. Conclusion: There were no changes of the clinicopathologic features, like the pattern in western countries, although the incidence early gastric cancer, old age patients and overweight patients increased. The survival rate of early 2000s was better that that of the 1990s.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2022

Objectives: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was approximately 16% in populations of over age 30 years, and deaths from diabetes mellitus became the sixth most prevalent cause of death by disease. To assess the relationship between HbA1c and heavy metal level in blood and urine, targeted residents were evaluated in a vast steel industrial complex. Methods: We selected 414 subjects for analysis after applying the following exclusion criterion: 18 persons with diabetes mellitus. They took part in a questionnaire survey and underwent blood and urinary assessments. HbA1c and lead (Pb) level were measured in blood and, cadmium (Cd), inorganic arsenic (iAs) and mercury (Hg) were evaluated in urine. Two subgroups were divided by HbA1c 6.5%. Each subgroup was divided by 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th and 90th percentile levels of biological exposure index of the heavy metals for logistic regression. Results: Odd ratios have a tendency to increase as they go from the 90th to the 10th percentile of cadmium. However, lead, arsenic and mercury did not have significant relationships with HbA1c. In correction of age, region, gender and smoking history, a higher distribution in the subgroup with cadmium above 0.8318 ㎍/g creatinine (30th percentile) was demonstrated in the subgroup with HbA1c levels above the 6.5%, with an odds ratio of 5.26 (95% C.I. ; 1.44~19.17). Conclusion: This study found a significant correlation between urinary levels of cadmium and HbA1c in correction of several factors. It is meaningful that this outcome may be used as a basis for a study to establish the acceptable limit of urinary cadmium in Korea.