• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2012

The architecture of an interconnection network is usually represented by a graph, and a graph G is bipancyclic if it contains a cycle for every even length from 4 to ${\mid}V(G){\mid}$. In this article, we analyze the conditional edge-fault-tolerant properties of an enhanced hypercube, which is an attractive variant of a hypercube that can be obtained by adding some complementary edges. For any n-dimensional enhanced hypercube with at most (2n-3) faulty edges in which each vertex is incident with at least two fault-free edges, we showed that there exists a fault-free cycle for every even length from 4 to $2^n$ when n($n{\geq}3$) and k have the same parity. We also show that a fault-free cycle for every odd length exists from n-k+2 to $2^n-1$ when n($n{\geq}2$) and k have the different parity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07c
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• pp.1114-1117
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• 1998

Recent applications of neural networks to power system fault diagnosis have provided positive results and have shown advantages in process speed over conventional approaches. This paper describes the application of neural network to fault detection and classification in distribution lines using the fundamental component, 2-5th harmonics index, even and odd harmonics index, and zero phase current. The Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) is used to obtain fault patterns for the training and testing of neural networks. The proposed fault detection and classification method in distribution lines is obtained by analysing the difference among normal, HIF, ground fault, short circuit fault condition.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.809-819
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• 2020

Gender prediction accuracy increases as convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture evolves. This paper compares voting and ensemble schemes to utilize the already trained five CNN models to further improve gender prediction accuracy. The majority voting usually requires odd-numbered models while the proposed softmax-based voting can utilize any number of models to improve accuracy. The ensemble of CNN models combined with one more fully-connected layer requires further tuning or training of the models combined. With experiments, it is observed that the voting or ensemble of CNN models leads to further improvement of gender prediction accuracy and that especially softmax-based voters always show better gender prediction accuracy than majority voters. Also, compared with softmax-based voters, ensemble models show a slightly better or similar accuracy with added training of the combined CNN models. Softmax-based voting can be a fast and efficient way to get better accuracy without further training since the selection of the top accuracy models among available CNN pre-trained models usually leads to similar accuracy to that of the corresponding ensemble models.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2002

IPsec offers not odd Internet security service such as Internet secure communication and authentication but also the safe key exchange and anti-replay attack mechanism. Recently IPsec is implemented on the various operating systems. But there is no existing tool that checks the servers, which provide IPsec services, work properly and provide their network security services well. In this paper, we design and implement the rule based security evaluation system for IPsec engine. This system operated on Windows and UNX platform. We developed the system using Java and C language.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.426-431
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• 2005

A many-to-many k-disjoint path cover (k-DPC) of a graph G is a set of k disjoint paths joining k distinct source-sink pairs in which each vertex of G is covered by a path. In this paper, we investigate many-to-many 2-DPC in a double loop network G(mn;1,m), and show that every nonbipartite G(mn;1,m), $m{\geq}3$, has 2-DPC joining any two source-sink pairs of vertices and that every bipartite G(mn;1,m) has 2-DPC joining any two source-sink pairs of black-white vertices and joining any Pairs of black-black and white-white vertices. G(mn;l,m) is bipartite if and only if n is odd and n is even.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.10
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• pp.386-394
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• 2019

Background: Preterm infants have difficulty maintaining body temperature after birth. However, clinical guidelines advocate that neonatal body temperature should be maintained at 36.5℃-37.5℃. Purpose: We aimed to investigate the incidence of admission hypothermia in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and to determine the association of admission temperature with in-hospital mortality and morbidities. Methods: A cohort study using prospectively collected data involving 70 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) that participate in the Korean Neonatal Network. From registered infants born between January 2013 and December 2015, 5,343 VLBW infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestation were reviewed. Results: The mean admission temperature was 36.1℃±0.6℃, with a range of 31.9℃ to 38.4℃. Approximately 74.1% of infants had an admission hypothermia of <36.5℃. Lower birth weight, intubation in the delivery room and Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes were significantly related to admission hypothermia. The mortality was the lowest at 36.5℃-37.5℃ and adjusted odd ratios for all deaths increased to 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.83), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.05-1.97) and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.22-2.82) for infants with admission temperatures of 36.0℃-36.4℃, 35.0℃-35.9℃, and <35.0℃, respectively. Admission hypothermia was also associated with high likelihoods of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hypertension, proven sepsis, pulmonary hemorrhage, air-leak, seizure, grade 3 or higher intraventricular hemorrhage and advanced retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser therapy. Conclusion: A large portion of preterm infants in Korea had hypothermia at NICU admission, which was associated with high mortality and several important morbidities. More aggressive interventions aimed at reducing hypothermia are required in this high-risk population.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.753-759
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• 2020

A modified Chebyshev lowpass filter function with progressively diminishing ripples in the passband is proposed and analyzed in the frequency domain. Owing to the diminishing ripples, the passband magnitude characteristic of the proposed Chebyshev function has improved compared to the classical Chebyshev function. In addition, the phase characteristics of the proposed Chebyshev function were improved considerably compared to that of the Chebyshev function, and the time delay of the proposed function was much simpler and flatter. In addition, the proposed Chebyshev filter was realizable by the passive doubly terminated ladder network delivering maximum power transfer for the order n, even or odd, thus making themselves amenable to low-sensitivity active RC or switched capacitor filters through the simulation techniques. To verify the proposed Chebyshev filter characteristics, a 6th order passive doubly terminated ladder lowpass filter was designed and analyzed using the MATLAB and SPICE program. Thus, the proposed Chebyshev function can remove the drawbacks of the classical Chebyshev function and could be applicable to the design of a filter with an improved filter size, phase, and time delay characteristics for various signal processing.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2003

In this paper, a broadband phase shifter structure using a new switched network was proposed. A new reference network is composed of coupled lines and 45$^{\circ}$open and short stubs, which are shunted at the edge points of a main line, respectively, A delay network is composed of only a standard transmission line. It is possible to design a broadband 180$^{\circ}$phase shifter that phase dispersive characteristics by an impedance ratio R of coupled lines and greater phase dispersive characteristics by characteristic impedances Zm, Zs of a main line and stubs are used together. By considering a structure symmetry, the even and odd mode analysis was performed to obtain theoretical S-parameters of the proposed phase shifter. Also, through computer simulation on the basis of derived equations, design graphs were presented to optimally design a 180$^{\circ}$broadband phase shifter. Design graphs provide the values of characteristic impedances Zm, Zs, and I/O match and phase bandwidths. To verify electrical performances of the broadband phase shifter proposed in this paper, low different 180$^{\circ}$phase shifters, operated at the center frequency 3 GHz were designed and fabricated using design graphs, and were experimented. One of them was designed as a standard Schiffman structure to compare with electrical performances. Measured results of each phase shifter to satisfy simultaneously design conditions of I/O match （VSWR=1.15:1) and maximum phase deviation $({\varepsilon}_{{\Delta}{\phi}}＝{\pm}2^{\circ})$ were well in agreement with corresponding simulation results over impedance match and phase error bandwidths, and showed broadband characteristics.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2011

One of the unsolved problems in Artificial Neural Networks is related to the capacity of a neural network. This paper presents a CoreNet which has a multi-leveled input and a multi-leveled output as a 2-layered artificial neural network. I have suggested an equation for calculating the capacity of the CoreNet, which has a p-leveled input and a q-leveled output, as $a_{p,q}=\frac{1}{2}p(p-1)q^2-\frac{1}{2}(p-2)(3p-1)q+(p-1)(p-2)$. With an odd value of p and an even value of q, (p-1)(p-2)(q-2)/2 needs to be subtracted further from the above equation. The simulation model 1(3)-1(6) has 3 levels of an input and 6 levels of an output with no hidden layer. The simulation result of this model gives, out of 216 possible functions, 80 convergences for the number of implementable function using the cot(x) input leveling method. I have also shown that, from the simulation result, the two diverged functions become implementable by precalculating the weight values. The simulation result and the precalculation of the weight values give the same result as the above equation in the total number of implementable functions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.48-58
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• 2006

This paper presents 8x8 two dimensional DCT/IDCT processor of adder-based distributed arithmetic architecture without applying ROM units in conventional memories. To reduce hardware cost in the coefficient matrix of DCT and IDCT, an odd part of the coefficient matrix was shared. The proposed architecture uses only 29 adders to compute coefficient operation in the 2-D DCT/IDCT processor, while 1-D DCT processor consists of 18 adders to compute coefficient operation. This architecture reduced 48.6% more than the number of adders in 8x8 1-D DCT NEDA architecture. Also, this paper proposed a form of new transpose network which is different from the conventional transpose memory block. The proposed transpose network block uses 64 registers with reduction of 18% more than the number of transistors in conventional memory architecture. Also, to improve throughput, eight input data receive eight pixels in every clock cycle and accordingly eight pixels are produced at the outputs.