• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 2013

It is easy to overlook osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the ankle in patients with chronic lower limb pain, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO, Buerger's disease). A 57-year-old woman diagnosed with type 1 CRPS, and a 58-year-old man, diagnosed with TAO, complained of tactile and cold allodynia in their lower legs. After neurolytic lumbar sympathethic ganglion block and titration of medications for neuropathic pain, each subject could walk without the aid of crutches. However, they both complained of constant pain on the left ankle during walking. Focal tenderness was noted; subsequent imaging studies revealed OCLs of her talus and his distal tibia, respectively. Immediately after percutaneous osteoplasties, the patients could walk without ankle pain. It is important to consider the presence of a hidden OCL in chronic pain patients that develop weight-bearing pain and complain of localized tenderness on the ankle.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 1981

A 19-year-old Korean woman presented with left mandibular dental pain and swelling. Periapical radiolucencies were associated with the mandibular left first molar, second molar and the mandibular right second molar. The mandibular right second molar root developed incompletely and has the open apex. Clinical examination revealed worn accessory occlusal cusps of premolars. A diagnosis of dens evaginatus with associated periapical lesion secondary to pulpal necrosis was made. The root canal of the lower right second premolar was sealed with Calcium hydroxide paste for apexification. About two months later Calcium hydroxide paste was removed and the canal was resealed with new Calcium hydroxide paste. After four months the canal was sealed permanently with guttapercha and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer. The root canals of the lower left premolars were irrigated every week with 3.5% NaOCl solution for and half month. And the canals were sealed with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer. Preventive endodontic treatment for the lower right first premolar was undertaken.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 1981

This study was conducted to compare the cleansing effect of various irrigants and the function of the quantity of irrigants in apical region. One hundred sixty single rooted teeth were divided into four groups and fourty teeth in each group were individually enlarged and irrigated with each of four irrigants as they would be during clinical condition. The four tested irrigants were Normal saline solution, 3.5% NaOCl, 15% EDTA, and 50% Citric acid. In each group, twenty teeth were flushed with 2cc of each irrigant and another twenty teeth with 5cc of same irrigant after use of each instrument. After final flush and dry, the roots were split longitudinally and the degree of cleansing at apical portion were evaluated under Stereoscope by three observers. The typical specimens of each group were also examined under Scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. There were no significant difference of cleansing effect among the tested irrigants. 2. 5cc flushed groups have more samples that have high degree of cleansing than 2cc flushed groups. 3. The canals irrigated with 2cc showed the presence of many dentin chips, tissue debris and smeared layer, whereas the 5cc groups revealed relatively clean canal surface and less smeared layer under Scanning electron microscope. 4. The teeth flushed with 5cc of EDTA and with 5cc of Citric acid showed the most clean canal surface at Scanning fictures.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.47-47
• /
• 2010

Discharge under the water is very hard and demand considerable high voltage. But specially improved electrode can generate plasma discharge to salty water with relatively low voltage. A round shape ceramic electrode having many pinholes combined with metallic one can generate plasma. 400 volt, 10 kHz and 3 micro second pulse width were applied to repeatedly running synthetic seawater with 10 L/m velocity, containing cultivated E. coli and Bacillus. As a result, 18, 94, 99.97, 100, 100 % disinfection rates to E. coli and 17.1, 17.1, 82.9, 99.4, 99.9 % disinfection rates to Bacillus subtilis were achieved to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 times repetitive treatment respectively. In the plasma condition, the ions and electrons are separated and new kinds of components are re-synthesized by the intensive movement of the components. Especially chlorine ions are separated and recombined to residual free chlorine like HOCl, $OCl^-$. The residual free chlorine concentrations of discharged water were 0.25, 0.88, 1.39, 1.59, 1.66 mg $Cl_2$/L after 5 times treatment respectively. Another unconfirmed radical and oxidants for example, OH, $H_2O_2$, and $O_3$ can have an effect on microorganism of course.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2015

In the current study, the design methodology has been developed to produce shoe mold for a suitable walking shoes of the general Korean using ANN (Artificial Neural Network). To design the suitable and comfortable shoes for the Korean, the shapes of foots were measured for 513 people. In this research, the foot length, breadth and ankle were considered as design parameters. In order to find the optimal foot shape for the average value of design parameters, the average value of design parameters and the other measurements were used as input and output to the ANN. After training, the various foot measurements were predicted by ANN. Base on the ANN results, the walking shoes were manufactured by considering these measurements and designing a shoe mold. From the results, the proposed method could give a more systematic and feasible means for manufacturing walking shoes with greater usefulness and better generality.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2002

A bench-scale anoxic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, consisting of a bioreactor coupled to a ceramic crossflow ultrafiltration module, was evaluated to treat a synthetic wastewater containing alkaline hydrolysis byproducts (hydrolysates) of RDX, The wastewater was formulated the same as RDX hydrolysates, and consisted of acetate, formate, formaldehyde as carbon sources and nitrite, nitrate as electron accepters. The MBR system removed 80 to 90% of these carbon sources, and approximately 90% of the stoichiometric amount of nitrate, 60% of nitrite. The reactor was also operated over a range of transmembrane pressures, temperatures, suspended solids concentration, and organic loading rate in order to maximize treatment efficiency and permeate flux. Increasing transmembrane pressure and temperature did not improve membrane flux significantly. Increasing biomass concentration in the bioreactor decreased the permeate flux significantly. The maximum volumetric organic loading rate was $0.72kg\;COD/m^3/day$, and the maximum F/M ratio was 0.50 kg N/kg MLSS/day and 1.82 kg COD/kg MLSS/day. Membrane permeate was clear and essentially free of bacteria, as indicated by heterotrophic plate count. Permeate flux ranged between 0.15 and $2.0m^3/m^2/day$ and was maintained by routine backwashing every 3 to 4 day. Backwashing with 2% NaOCl solution every fourth or fifth backwashing cycle was able to restore membrane flux to its original value.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2000

WSBV를 염소소독 효과를 조사하기 위하여 유효농도 5, 10, 30 ppm의 차아염소산나트륨 용액을 처리한 결과 전혀 폐사가 일어나지 않았으나, 대조구에서는 전량 폐사되었다. 포비돈 요오드 10, 20, 30 ppm에서는 불활성화를 나타내지 않았는데 이는 유기물의 다량함유나 요오드 독성에 의해 시험새우가 폐사할 가능성이 있다. 일광소독에서는 2, 4시간 처리한 시험구에서는 폐사가 일어나지 않으므로 WSBV를 불활성화 시키는 것 같다. 건조처리에서는 1, 2, 3시간 처리한 시험구에서는 WSBV가 불활성화가 되었다. 담수처리에서는 담수 60% 첨가한 시험구(비중 1.015)에서 효과가 가장 크게 나타났다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.437-445
• /
• 2022

This paper presents an experimental study on the main management factors of the condenser contamination such as fouling and corrosion for the R-134a turbo-chiller to save energy, reduce corrosion rates, and reduce maintenance costs through the application of condenser non-cleaning water treatment chemical. The series of experiment is conducted using combining oxidative microbial sterilizers, non-oxidizing microbial sterilizers, and anti-corrosion agents. The leaving temperature difference and corrosion rates for three different combination of chemicals are collected and analyzed. The experimental results show that the cost reduction (4,066,000 Won/year) of the disinfectant (FT-830) can be achieved by adding the oxidative disinfectant (NaOCl) and the non-oxidizing disinfectant (NX-1116). The LTD value is maintained at 1.9℃, and the corrosion rates of copper and carbon steel specimens are 0.07 mpy and 1.61 mpy, respectively.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2006

소프트웨어의 규모가 커지면서 시스템 기능 테스트 단계에 일일이 원시코드를 참조하면서 테스트하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하다. 따라서 시스템 테스트 단계에서 다양한 요구명세 정보들을 이용하는 블랙박스 테스트 방법들이 많이 연구되고 있다. 테스트 기법에 활용한 요구명세는 시스템을 표현하는 기술 방법과 의미의 차이로 인해 테스트 케이스와 커버리지가 크게 달라서 테스트 계획 단계에서 테스트 기법과 그 기법의 적용 결과에 대해 깊이 고려해야 한다. 이러한 필요성으로 인해 본 연구에서는 다양한 블랙박스 테스트 기법들에 대한 실험과 그 결과에 대해 논하였다. 기법의 특성이 미치는 테스트 결과를 분석하고 평가하기 위해 객체지향 시스템의 명세와 모델링 기법으로 가장 잘 알려진 UML을 이용한 테스트 기법을 포함하여 다섯 가지의 블랙박스 테스트 기법을 실행하고 비교하였다. 그리고 다섯 가지 기법들을 서로 다른 두 응용 시스템에 적용하였고 그 결과로 추출된 테스트 케이스의 커버리지를 분석하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.262-262
• /
• 2009

최근 리튬이차전지가 전지자동차, hybrid car, PHEV, Ev, UPS 저장장치로 사용되기 시작함에 따라 고용량화, 고출력화가 요구되고 있다. 현재까지 주로 사용 되어왔던 carbon으로는 작동전압이 낮고, 고용량화, 고출력화가 어려워 금속산화물, 금속 비정질 금속 및 금속산화물을 carbon과 혼합 사용 함으로써 차세대 전지로서 특성을 달성하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 음극 소재로서 안정성이 뛰어난 금속산화물로 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 합성할 때 저가의 $TiCl_4$를 이용 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$가 고밀도를 갖게끔 $TiCl_4$를 이용 구형의 Ti-precursor(전구체)를 합성한 후 구형의 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 합성하였다. Ti전구체는 $TiCl_4$로부터 합성하였는데 이때 구형을 제조하고자 Hydroxypropyl cellulose(이하 HPC)를 사용하여 반응을 진행하였다. 이때 반응 조건 및 HPC의 몰수 변화에 따른 입자 형상의 변화에 관하여 관찰한 결과, $TiOCl_2$ 0.4mol, 반응온도 $10^{\circ}C$, 유지시간 6시간, HPC양 0.02mol일 때 $0.6{\mu}m$ 정도의 구형 Ti-전구체를 합성하였다. 합성된 Ti-전구체와 리튬수화물을 사용하여 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 합성 하였고, 상기 물질로 전지특성을 평가하였다.