• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Purpose: A system to measure the visibility of agricultural tractor operators was designed and evaluated according to ISO standards, and a blind area diagram around the tested tractor was created based on the manual method recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Methods: A visibility measurement system was designed and evaluated based on the ISO 5006 and ISO 5721-1 standards. Two bulbs used to simulate the operator's eyes were mounted on a bar with a supporting frame. A wooden frame was used to determine the seat index point position. The 12-m visibility test circle was divided into six sectors of vision, and the test tractor was placed at the center of the circle. Artificial light was supplied in the darkened environment, and shadow or masking effects were measured manually around the 12-m circle. Results: When the bulbs were placed at the operator's eye level, front visibility was good; no masking was found in the "A" vision sector, but larger masking widths were found in the "B" and "C" vision sectors. Since the masking width exceeded 700 mm, additional tests, such as movement of the light sources to both sides of the operator's eye level, were performed. Less than six masking effects were found in the semi-circle of vision to the front, and more than one masking was found in the "B" and "C" visual fields. The minimum distance between the centers of two masking effects exceeded 2500 mm when measured as a chord on the semi-circle of vision. A blind area diagram was created to define the exact nature of the blind spots and mirror visibility. Conclusions: Visibility evaluation is an effective way to enable proper and safe operation for agricultural tractor operators. Inclusion of this visibility evaluation test in the general testing process might aid tractor manufacturers.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2016

As the occupational education in junior college is being searched to be connected to practical industrial settings at present, importance of field placement is now being heightened. Industrial field experience shall be developed as the work can be performed in the practical site based on the generally comprehensive contents through the applicable educational course rather than simply independent educational course. Furthermore, characteristics of the applicable major shall be reflected in the field placement to be connected to the industrial field experience so that image promotion of the major and other additional value of the major can be effectively operated. However, it is practical situation that most of the field placements are being operated separately from connection and characterization of the educational curriculum in spite of the variety of the industrial field experiences and works in the field sites. Thus, the author of the thesis would analyze practical cases of the industrial field experiences in the past and grasp the problems of them so that we can develop models of the industrial field experiences proper for characteristics of fashion related departments. Especially, through the study the author of the thesis has developed the practical educational model where the fashion majoring educational courses can be connected with the field placement in the school industry in which the practical environment is established as in the applicable industry. In addition, it is judged that Developed educational models can be realized for subsidiary companies with close relationship with the departments besides the school based enterprises.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

Even though there is no fit test regulations in Korea, in many developed countries, respirator fit testing is required before entering specific work environment to ensure that the respirator worn satisfies a minimum of fit and that the user knows when the respirator fits properly. Due to no regulation for fit test, a lot of Korean workers wearing respirators may be potentially exposed to hazards. Anthropometric test panels for testing the fit of respirators are very important to develop respirators fitted properly for Korean workers. To evaluate the fitting performance, 304 workers (272 males, 32 females) and 536 students (268 male, 268 females) were fit tested for 4 full-facepieces (2 domestic-made S, C, and 2 foreign-made T, N), 2 half masks (1 domestic-made S, and 1 foreign-made T) and 3 quarter masks (2 domestic-made S, C, and 1 foreign-made T) with PortaCount 8020. Fit factors of foreign-made masks were higher than those of domestic-made masks in all types. Males were fitted more properly than females. A facial dimension survey of 364 workers (339 males, 25 females) and 158 students (69 males, 89 females) was conducted to develop test panels for fit testing. Subjects were selected on the basis of face length and face width to wear full-facepiece masks in test. For testing half- and quarter masks, face length and lip length were used. Test panels containing 25 male-and-female subjects and 16 male subjects were respectively developed for full-facepiece, and half-and quarter masks to represent a majority of population surveyed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 1999

Hot-wire anemometers are most commonly used in measuring hood capture velocities due to their accuracy and convenience. But it was questionable that the anemometers being used in the field are accurate enough for the purpose of measurements. To answer this ques tion, a calibration wind tunnel was newly devised and tested. Subsequently, 53 hot-wire anemometers being currently used in the field were tested to evaluate the accuracy of anemometers. The average error was 16.93% while the average errors in the low (0.5~5m/s) and high (5~20m/s) velocity range were 17.40% and 16.45%, respectively. Most of anemometers underestimated the true velocities. It might be due to the contamination of hot-wire, resulting in the slow heat transfer between the sensor and air flow. Astonishingly, 16 of 53 anemometers were out of order due to the malfunctioning of zero adjustment control, power supply, display panel and sensor. It is desirable to calibrate periodically and clean the sensor after using in the dirty environment.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this research is to establish Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs) for chemical and biological risk factors that occur in farm work involving 24 tasks among 15 crops. Methods: To categorize SEGs, work type, work environment, and similar tasks for each crop were considered. After confirming the chemical risk factors (pesticides, inorganic dust-total dust and PM₁₀, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide) and biological factors (organic dust-total dust and PM₁₀, and endotoxins) that occur in the crops and tasks, similar crops and tasks were selected as SEGs. Results: Among chemical risk factors, pesticides was selected for the SEGs, which was categorized by open field, greenhouse, fruit, and specialty crops. For inorganic dust, open field (plowing harrowing, seedling, planting, harvest, and sorting and packing) and specialty crops (plowing harrowing, seedling, planting, and harvest) were selected as SEGs. For ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, livestock (preparation of farm, management of nursery bed, feeding, shipment and manure treatment) were selected as SEGs. For biological risk factors such as organic dust (total dust, PM₁₀) and endotoxins, open field (manure application), greenhouse (plowing harrowing, planting, manure application, and harvest), fruit (manure application), specialty crops (manure application, making furrows, mixing mushroom media, harvest, and sorting and packing), and livestock (preparation of farm, maintaining poultry litter, feeding, shipment and manure treatment) were selected as SEGs. Conclusions: To establish similar exposure groups in agriculture, it is important that the characteristics of each hazard factor are categorized by identifying risk factors occurring by tasks.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the health hazards in the underground storage facilities of ginger roots. Methods : The authors reviewed the emergency rescue records from the Seosan fire department over the period Jan 1, 1996 to Aug 31, 1999. The atmospheres in 3 different underground storage locations were analyzed for $O_2,\;CO_2,\;CO,\;H_2S\;and\;NH_4$. Results : From the emergency records, we were able to identify 20 individuals that had been exposed to occupational hazards in the underground storage facilities. Among these 20 cases, 13 were due to asphyxiation (resulting in f deaths) and 7 were due to falls. In the first atmospheric tests, peformed on Feb 25, 1998, the O2 level inside the underground storage facility, located about $5{\sim}6$ meters below the surface, was 20.6% and the $CO_2$ level was about 1,000 ppm. CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$ were not detected. In the second tests on Jul 6, 1999, measurements of the $O_2$ level at 3 meters below the surface in two different storage locations were 15.3 and 15.1%. And the $O_2$ levels inside the storage facilities were 12.2 and 12.1%. The $CO_2$ level was above 5,000 ppm (beyond upper limits of measurement). CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$ were not detected. Conclusions : We conclude that asphyxiation in the underground storage facilities for ginger roots was not due to the presence of toxic gases such as CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$, but rather the exclusion of oxygen by carbon dioxide was responsible for causing casualties. For the development of a hazard free working environment, safety education as well as improvements in storage methods are needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2007

Objectives : Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the socioeconomic factors that influence which position an individual or group of people will hold within the structure of a society. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of various indicators of SEP, including education level, occupation-based SEP, income and wealth, area SEP, life-course SEP, and SEP indicators for women, elderly and youth. Methods and results : This report provides a brief theoretical background and discusses the measurement, interpretation issues, advantages and limitations associated with the use of each SEP indicator. We also describe some problems that arise when selecting SEP indicators and highlight the indicators that appear to be appropriate for health inequality research. Some practical information for use in health inequality research in South Korea is also presented. Conclusions : Investigation into the associations between various SEP indicators and health outcomes can provide a more complete understanding of mechanisms between SEP and health. The relationship between specific SEP indicators and specific health outcomes can vary by country due to the differences in the historical, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts of the SEP indicators.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2016

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the indoor level of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and to assess the implementation rate of smoke-free laws at hospitality venues around a university campus by measuring particulate matter smaller than $2.5{\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$) as an indicator of ETS. Materials and Methods: We measured indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at 20 PC game rooms, 20 pubs, and 20 billiards halls using Sidepak AM510, a direct reading portable real time monitor, from October to December 2015. Results: Smoking was observed in 65% of the PC game rooms, 10% of pubs, and 85% of billiards halls. The average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were $98.2{\mu}g/m^3$, $29.0{\mu}g/m^3$, and $134.2{\mu}g/m^3$ at PC game rooms, pubs, and billiards halls, respectively. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in PC game rooms and billiards halls were 2 to 2.7 times higher than the 24-hour exposure standard for outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ ($50{\mu}g/m^3$) by the Ministry of Environment. Conclusions: Although a smoking ban has been implemented for PC rooms and pubs, smoking is still taking place in many of these places. More stringent legal action is required for successfully protecting patrons and workers from secondhand smoke exposure. A ban on smoking in billiards halls should be introduced as quickly as possible.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to review the Toxic UseReduction Act of Massachusetts, USA, which has been evaluated as a successfulcase of a chemical reduction policy, and to search for ways to introduce it inKorea. Methods: We analyzed the implementation of the TURA by attending TUR Planning Course of the Toxic Use Reduction Institute in Massachusetts and researching the related literature. Results: As TURA took effect, the use of chemicals in Massachusetts was reduced, and cost savings were achieved in workplaces. The success factors for the legislation are considered to be support form the federal and state governments and the active participation of business and civic group. Domestic efforts to reduce toxic substances have already begun, so if the process of TURA is appropriately applied to domestic legislation of chemicals control, it would be expected to produce visible results. Therefore, we reviewed the 'Act on Chemicals Registration and Assessment', 'Act on Chemical Control' and 'Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities' and sought solution for applying TURA to each piece of legislation. For the first case, 'Toxic or Hazardous Substance List' and 'Establishment of Toxic Use Fee' is applicable. For the second case, 'Annual Toxic or Hazardous Substance Reports' is applicable. For the third case, 'Toxic Reduction Plans' and 'Toxics Use Reduction Institute and 'Toxic Use Reduction Planners' is applicable. Conclusions: The government should take notice appropriateness for the reduction of toxic chemicals and provide financial support. Businesses should invest in technologies that build trust with local communities, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Finally, civic group should cooperate with government and businesses.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2017

Objectives: In order to improve the working environment and solve the complaints, many efforts have been made to remove the odor from the industrial process. There are many disposal methods to remove odor, but there are many disadvantages and inadequate applications. The Purpose of this study was to develop a bag-filer system for odor removal using powder adsorbent. Methods: The bag-filter system is composed of a shear bag filter, an absorbent spraying system and an absorbent circulation system. The spraying absorbent system was connected with the inlet duct of the shear bag filter for inputting adsorbent. And the absorbent circulation system can transport the collecting adsorbent from hoper to the inlet duct of the system. As a result, the adsorbent can remove odor with recycling in the system. Also affective factors like the powdered absorbent combination and injection method was researched for maximization of system efficiency. The study was conducted in two stages. The first step was testing equipment made and the second is to evaluate the efficiency of the odor control by connecting to the actual odor generation process. Results: Both experiment stages showed efficient odor control ability. The adsorption efficiency of the system is demonstrated and the odor was adsorbed well by the powder adsorbent. It is essential to accurately understand the characteristics of the odorous and use the appropriate adsorbent. Although the powder adsorbent was used in the experiment, the problem of scattering did not occur due to the high degree of system sealing. Also the system manufactured in this study was designed to recycle the adsorbent, so adsorbent reuse or batch processing is convenient. Conclusions: The applicability of the system has been proven through this research. Customized systems for industrial process and the appropriate adsorbent base on the characteristics of pollutant generation will show efficient odor collection ability.