• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2023

Occupational safety and health management expenses in the construction industry are statutory and separately included in the cost statement to prevent occupational accidents and health problems. The expenses are determined by multiplying the standard amount by the rate decided according to construction types and scales. However, the current expense appropriation method does not properly reflect the recent changes in the construction industry such as industry size, industry diversification, and social atmosphere about safety reinforcement. This study surveyed 1579 questionnaires in total and analyzed expense execution rate and proportion of each expense category. The expense execution rate was relative higher in complex construction (e.g., heavy construction = 126%, civil engineering = 125%) and long-period project (equal to or over 48 months construction = 133%) compared to general construction (98~116%) and short-period project (less than 48 months construction = 115%). The proportion of spending expenses was higher in the category of safety manager labor costs (25~52%), safety facility costs (22~40%), and personal protective equipment costs (10~25%). The analysis results of the study can be utilized in revising the standard expense appropriation method by reflecting the current usages of the occupational safety and health management expenses in the construction industry.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

건설업 '산업안전보건관리'라 함은 발주자로 하여금 공사종류 및 규모에 따라 일정금액을 도급금액에 별도로 책정토록 하여 건설공사 중 발생할 수 있는 각종 재해를 미연에 예방코자 사용되는 금액을 의미한다. 이러한 안전관리비는 1988년 2월 고용노동부고시로 제정되었고 이를 근거로 기획재정부"계약예규"'예정가격 작성기준'이 마련되어 건설공사공사 원가계산 제비율 적용기준의 산업안전보건관리비로서 공사종류별 및 대상 금액별 요율이 차등 책정되어 활용되고 있다. 그러나 건설업에 대한 관리기술의 발전 및 건설현장 여건변화, 비용에 대한 감가삼각, 안전보건관리기술 발전 및 관련 정책변화 등 건설업이 대내 외적으로 다양한 환경변화가 이루어져왔음에도 불구하고 안전관리비 요율 책정은 1988년 고용노동부 고시로 제정된 이래 현재까지 변경 없이 그대로 적용되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 고용노동부 고시에서 제시하고 있는 건설업 산업안전보건관리비 사용 실태에 대한 현황 조사 및 설문분석을 통해 현(現) 건설현장 안전관리 실태에 부합되는 산업안전관리비 적정 요율을 공사종류 및 대상액별로 제안하는 것이다. 건설공사를 수행함에 있어 적정 산업안전관리비의 산정 및 사용은 건설 안전관리 분야의 업무 효율성 제고는 물론 궁극적으로는 건설공사의 안전사고 비율 저감에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.169-170
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• 2020

Occupational Safety and Health Management Cost, used to protect workers in Korean construction worksites and to create safe working environments, is a legally managed expense item. As this cost item is grounded on the Occupational Safety and Health Act, it is always implemented. However, because there is a ceiling on its rates, insufficient amounts of Safety Management Costs are often allocated to worksites, with the money not being used to areas essential to worker safety. As such, the current study raises the need to develop a set of standards to enable some items under the Occupational Safety and Health Management Costs-appropriated under the rate of indirect costs-to be appropriated as direct construction costs. As a preliminary step in this effort, the current study will provide basic data that can be used to create construction cost calculation standards for items that can be calculated as direct construction costs.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2017

건설공사는 제조업과는 달리 공사가 시작되어 종료될 때 까지 재해위험도가 일정하지 않고 공사단계에 따라 큰 변화가 있다. 건설업 산업안전보건관리비 계상 및 사용기준은 그동안 건설업의 안전문화 정착과 재해율 저감에 적지 않은 기여를 해왔으나, 현행 기준은 건설공사의 재해위험도 특성에 비해볼 때 이미 중대재해발생위험시기가 지난 이후에 뒤늦게 사용하게 되는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구는 건설공사의 공사단계별로 재해위험도에 대한 분석을 통하여 공사단계별 재해발생위험도와 안전관리비 사용기기 산출방식을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 진행하였다. 이를 위하여 1439건의 국내 중대재해사례를 분석하여 공사단계별 중대재해발생확률을 산출하였으며, 공정특성에 따른 적정 산업안전보건관리비의 적정 사용일정을 도출하는 방식을 제안하였다. 도출된 방식에 의해 산정된 산업안전보건관리비 사용일정을 현행 기준과 비교한 결과 최소 20%p 이상 앞서서 사용해야만 재해위험도에 따른 적절한 선행적 조치가 가능할 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

산업안전보건관리비 계상기준은 1988년에 제정된 이래 건설 현장의 안전성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있다. 기존 연구에서는 안전보건관리비의 요율이 건설 현장의 안전과 건강을 보장하기에 충분하지 않다 주장되고 있는데, 최근 조사에 의하면 다수의 건설현장에서 그나마도 준수하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 안전보건관리비 기준의 준수 실태를 알아보기 위해 완성공사원가통계에서 집계된 원가비율을 공사규모와 발주자 유형별로 분석하였다. 그 결과 준수율이 발주자 유형별로 볼 때 대부분의 유형에서 실질적으로 매우 낮은 결과가 나왔다. 이는 최소한의 법적 기준마저 준수되지 않고 있음을 의미하며, 향후 산업안전보건관리비 등을 비롯한 관련 법규정의 준수를 위한 강력한 법집행이 요구된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2001

The Risk assessment regulation(RAR) is one of the essential articles of the Occupational safety and health law for the construction industry along with safety and health management expense and safety organization regulation. However, arguments regarding the working time of the safety assessment documents, the person in charge of documentation, weakness in legislative enforcement etc. are ongoing. Thus this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of RAR for the guidance of enhancing the effectiveness of RAR. The findings are; 1) the effectiveness of RAR is recognized, however the indirect effectiveness ie, enforcement of safety activities, previewing of drawings etc. are bigger than the direct effectiveness of accident prevention, 2) to enhance the effectiveness of RAR site inspection procedure has to be utilized, 3) further research for identifying and getting rid of negative factors in RAR is recommended.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제4권호
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types : one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job performance shape and efficiency, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area ; 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares that have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation and B/C ratio using SPSS PC program. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. Most of the expense for environmental control of all health care services expenditures shows that there is almost no fundamental improvement because more expenses are needed for procuring personal protective equipment and measuring work environment instead of environmental improvement. 3. It is investigated how much the cost of occupational health care services needs per worker, and calculated how much the cost needs per service hour per worker. The results from this show that the cost of occupational health services at workplaces with their own managers used less than the cost of health care agencies, eventually the former gives better services with less cost than the latter. 4. Benefit/Cost ratio is also produced by total benefit/total cost. The result from the above way reads 4.57 as a whole, while their own manager having workplaces reads 4.82 and the agencies do l.56. Even if their own manager performing workplaces spent more cost, this system produces more benefit than the agencies management. 5. The B/C ratio for medical organization such as local clinic, health care center and pharmacy shows more than or equal to at the workplaces controlled by the agencies. It is inferred that benefit would be much less than the cost used, with so being inefficient. 6. It is assumed that the efficiency ratio of health education is equal to reduction rate of workers medical organization visit. Estimated reduction rate 5%, 10%, 15%, show that the efficiency ratio of health education have an effect on producing benefits. It is estimated that more benefit can be produced if more qualitative education will be provided for enhancing health care efficiency. 7. Results of this study cannot be generalized because there are large scale of deviation in case of workplaces with less than 300 full time workers, but B/C ratio reads 2.69 as a whole and 3.25 at workplaces with their own health care manager are higher than 1.63 at the workplaces manged by the agencies. Finally, all the benefit concerning health care services could not be quantified, measured and shown on the value of money. This is a reason that a considerable part of benefits are so underestimated. This is also thought that measurement tools should be developed for measuring benefits of health care services with a comprehensive quantification. in the future. It is also expected that efficiency of occupational health care services should be investigated using cost-effectiveness analysis.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2017

Objectives: To protect the health and safety of residents during chemical accidents, the governmental authorities need to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to citizens who desire it. This study aims to investigate residents'awareness of PPE and perform an economic analysis on providing PPE to residents near chemical plants prior to the establishment of a related law. Methods: This study was carried out through a questionnaire completed by 600 residents composed of items such as residents'awareness of PPE, what type of PPE they need, and how to purchase PPE. Economic analysis (cost-benefit analysis) was conducted on providing PPE to residents near chemical plants on basis of the Gumi City hydrogen fluoride accident of 2012. Results: The results of the questionnaire showed that most residents recognized the need for PPE preparedness for chemical accidents, in particular, for respirators. The level of expense that respondents were prepared to shoulder to share the burden was $25. Except for chemicals of hazard level 2, the benefit of all kinds of chemical accident preparedness considerably exceeded costs in the cost-benefit analysis on providing PPE. An estimated government budget of $20 million per year would be required to provide PPE (hood-type mask) for all residents within a one-kilometer radius of chemical plants in Korea, but only $5.8 million when residents share the expenses. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that programs for providing PPE for residents near chemical plants should be established by law.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate gas concentrations such as oxygen in ginger storage tunnels, which are the causes of asphyxiation in confined spaces and suggest directions for safety and health management at ginger farms. Methods: Five farms in the Seosan and Taean areas which use underground ginger storage tunnels were chosen and examined with a walk-through survey and direct reading device for oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and carbon monoxide. Results: The oxygen concentration in the storage tunnels with no ventilation was found to be under 18% in summer, which may cause health effects. The concentration in those with ventilation was about 19%. The difference in temperature by measurement day had little effect on the concentration of oxygen. Conclusions: Even though some of farms had used compulsory ventilation systems, none of the farms visited possessed any direct reading device for oxygen. Warning systems using a direct reading device can be more effective, helpful, and required compared to ventilation, considering the difficulty and expense of periodical maintenance of ventilation systems and the fact that a farmer can be placed in danger when unaware of the malfunction of the ventilation system. In addition, a warning system may make farmers more cognitive of agricultural safety and health actions while a ventilation system can cause them to become passive and ignorant of workplace hazards.