• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

This study evaluated 23 elderly residents living independently in 4 group homes for their behaviors of space occupancy and activities of daily living. The aim of the study was to analysis the habit of space occupancy of residents in group homes for elderly people. As the results, the habit of space occupancy of residents in group homes was analysed and categorized into four types: (1) bedroom occupancy, (2) common space occupancy, (3) 2-space occupancy and (4) several spaces occupancy. It was shown, then, that the common space occupancy in ‘ㅂ' group home, 2-space occupancy and several spaces occupancy in 'ㅇ' and 'ㄱ' group homes, and bedroom occupancy in ‘ㅅ' group home were highest, respectively, so that the type of their space occupancy varied in accordance with individual group homes. Moreover, there was a difference in the habit of their space occupancy according to the degree of achieving both ADL and IADL. This fact seems to indicate that the higher the degree of their independence in ADL and IADL, the more the number of their occupying space. Accordingly, the degree of their independence in achieving ADL and IADL should be taken into account in planning residential spaces for elderly people, including individual and commonly sharing spaces, traffic lines, layout and facilities.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 2018

As the volatility increasement of the number of tourist, there was been controversy over supply-demand imbalance in hotel market. The purpose of this study is to analysis on determinants of hotel occupancy rate in Jeju Island. The quantitative method is based on cointegrating regression, using an empirical dataset with hotel from 2000 to 2017. The primary results of research is briefly summarized as follows; First, there are high relationship between total hotel occupancy rate and hotel occupancy of foreign tourist. The volatility of hotel occupancy is caused by foreigner user than local tourists though local tourist high propotion of hotel occupancy in Jeju Island. Second, hotel occupancy of local tourist has not relationship with demand and supply variables. Because some hotel users are not local tourists but local resident, and effects to other variables of hotel consumer trend, accommodation such as Guest house, Airbnb. Third, there are high relationship between foreign hotel occupancy rate and demand-supply variables. These research imply that total management of supply-demand is very important to seek stability of hotel occupancy rate in Jeju Island. Also it can provide a useful solution regarding mismatch problem between supply-demand as well as development the systematic forecasting model for hotel market participants.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 2017

The inspection for building occupancy authorization has lacked objectivity due to manual measurement methods. This is why connivance of the illegal buildings has been rampant, which has led to so many incidents. Consequently, this law has lost its intent to protect people's lives and property. In this study, for the purpose of improvement of this law, the research was conducted by the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle for automated inspection for building occupancy authorization. Theoretical considerations about building occupancy authorization and the trend of UAV technology were accomplished. Secondly, a series of reverse engineering was conducted including digital photography, network RTK-VRS surveying and post-processing data. Thirdly, the resultant spatial information was used for building occupancy inspection authorization in a BIM platform and the effectiveness and applicability of UAV-based inspection was analyzed. As a result, methodology for UAV-based automated building occupancy inspection authorization was derived. And it was found that eleven items would be possible to be automated among thirty total items for building occupancy authorization. Also it was found that UAV-based automated inspection could be valid in inspecting building occupancy authorization due to authentic accuracy, effectiveness and applicability with government policy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 1996

This study focuses on the evaluation of the streets on residential areas. For this purpose, pedestrain and vehicle occupancy indicators on residential areas are proposed, and vehicle, pedestrain flow and status of on-street parking on residential streets are analyzed. Also, according to the suggested occupancy indicator, occupancy status of pedestrain and vehicle are identified. At the end, evaluation of residential streets are conducted. The suggested occupancy indicator is a quantitative indicator which can represent the traffic situation on street. It can also be represente din the same dimension among pedestrain, vehicle flow, packed vehicle. Also, occupancy indicator can be utilized for the allocation and evaluation of transportation modes on residential street. Except on-street parking during the day time, moving vehicle occupancy rate contains the more than 80 precent when it is estimated based on the vehicle flow and pedestrain only. As the streets on residential area are occupied by the pedestrain approximately 20 percent during the day time, it is identified quantitatively that the necessity of space for pedestrain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2018

본 논문은 Point Cloud 데이터 압축을 위해 사용되는 MPEG PCC TMC2의 Occupancy map coding을 효과적으로 압축하기 위해 내부 블록 스킵 방식을 제안한다. TMC2에서 생성된 patch들을 2차원 그리드에 packing 하여 생성된 occupancy map은 patch 내부의 대부분의 occupancy가 'full'이라는 특징을 갖는다. 따라서 이러한 특징을 이용하여 patch 내부의 occupancy를 간소화 하면 occupancy map을 표현하기 위한 비트를 절약 할 수 있다. 이러한 방법을 통해 본 논문에서는 기존 TMC2의 occupancy map의 비트양 대비 평균 -1.37%의 성능을 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2003

3GPP's RLC protocol specification adopted an error control scheme based on selective repeat ARQ. In 3GPP ARQ, distinctive windows are provide at transmitting and receiving stations so that those stations are prohibited to send or receive data PDU's out of window. An increase in window size enhances delay performance. Such an increase, however, raises the occupancy at reordering buffer, which results in a long reordering time. Aiming at suppressing the occupancy at reordering buffer, we propose a occupancy control scheme in this paper. In this scheme, a threshold is created in the receiving station's window and a data PDU out of the threshold (but within the window) is treated according to go back N ARQ. By the employment of the occupancy control scheme, the occupancy at the reordering buffer is apparently reduced, while the delay performance may be degraded due to the properties of go back N ARQ. We, thus, investigate the peak occupancy and mean delay performance by a simulation method. From numerical examples, we observe a trade-off in both performance measures and conclude that the peak occupancy is effectively reduced by setting a proper threshold under a constraint on mean delay performance.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.113-119
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• 2018

Occupancy-based heating control is effective in reducing heating energy by preventing unnecessary heating during unoccupied period. Various technologies on detecting human occupancy have been developed using complicated machine learning algorithm and stochastic methodologies. This study aims at deriving low-cost and simple algorithm of occupancy inference that can be implemented to residential buildings. The core concept of the algorithm is to combine the occupancy probabilities based on indoor CO2 concentration and PIR(passive infrared) signals. The probability was estimated by applying different levels of decrement ratio depending on CO2 concentration change rate and aggregated PIR signals. The developed algorithm was validated by comparing the inference results with the occupancy schedule in a real residential building. The results showed that the inference algorithm can achieve the accuracy of 75~99%, which would be successfully implemented to the control of residential heating systems.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.130-133
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• 2011

This paper reports the Survey results from a field monitoring study of office occupancy densities. The field measurement of a office in Yongin was carried out from 19 September to 30 September 2011. The survey has an aim to reveal the building energy consumption relationship between occupancy densities of a realistic office and the previous studies. The results showed that hourly occupied density of the previous studies is more higher than a field survey. we investigated the effects of difference occupancy densities on annual heating and cooling energy consumption using EnergyPlus. Heating and cooling consumption was raised because of the increased occupancy density. therefore, accurately measure the occupnacy schedule is important in order to reduce excessive building energy consumption, and is an significant element to be considered in the energy simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

ALINEA algorithm, which is one of the best on-ramp metering algorithms, was designed to control the traffic volume from on-ramp in order to maintain the optimal occupancy rate of the detectors installed downstream of the merge area. But, the reliability of occupancy rate estimated from the loop detectors, which are used most commonly in Korea, is relatively lower than other parameters such as speed and volume. Moreover, because occupancy rate depends on the length of loop detectors and site, lots of calibration work is required whenever they are installed in order to estimate the occupancy rate. Therefore, there exists room for improvement of ALINEA algorithm because only occupancy rate having some problems is considered as a control parameter in ALINEA algorithm. Practically it is difficult to measure or perceive the occupancy rate for traffic engineers and drivers. On the other hand, speed can be good alternative which can overcome the defect induced by using occupancy. In this study, occupancy based ALINEA algorithm is converted to speed based ALINEA assuming the linear relationship between density and speed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

An occupancy map is a representation methodology describing the region occupied by objects in 3D space, which can be utilized for autonomous navigation and object recognition. In this paper, we describe a technique for building an occupancy map using depth data extracted from stereo images. In addition, some techniques are proposed for utilizing the occupancy map for the segmentation of object regions. After the geometric information on the ground plane is extracted from a disparity image, the occupancy map is constructed by projecting each matched point to the ground plane-based 3D space. We explain techniques for extracting moving object regions using the occupancy map and present experimental results using real stereo images.