• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to search for the effective way of development in managing Open Education Schools by analyzing obstacle reasons for school management of elementary school teachers on the basis of classroom site. This study researched 240 teachers and head teachers in three cities and counties of Chungbuk province through questionnaires which enquire obstacle reasons for Open Education. This research regarded 9 items including curriculum management and teaching method as main factors for consisting of Open Education School. And this analyzed the reactions from the percentages of interviewees. As a result of this analysis. obstacle reasons are as follows. 1. priority for academic background and the lack of school facilities and materials. 2. deficiency of teachers' belief in Open Education and unskilled practice. 3. closed situation in decision making and communication. 4. unreasonable management of finance and school facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.204-205
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• 2013

The rational Management of the school facilities will be able to minimize the waste of budgets, enhance total values of facilities. The purpose of this study is to propose promotion plans of the private infrastructure investment in the school facilities not only for contemplating obstacle reasons of BTL projects, but also for gripping contents about process of BTL projects. To achieve these objectives, this study 1)analyzes the major trend about private infrastructure investment, and 2)suggest extended suggestions for minimizing problems in the process of BTL projects in school facilities.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.129-140
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to collect baseline data for women＇s needs for social education, in order to eventually contribute to improving the quality of women's social education. In the needs survey, information on the motive to participate in social education programs, obstacles to participation, and program preferences was collected. The data were then analyzed by women＇s socio-demographic characteristics. Survey participants were married women between the ages of twenty to fifty, who were sampled from Seoul, six metropolitan areas, and nine provinces. For the final analysis, 1,026 survey forms were used. The motive for participating in women＇s social education programs was examined by each category. Overall, the participants showed the highest level in educational achievement motif. The motivations for lifestyle change, self-realization, and social accomplishment were also high and at a similar level. As for obstacles to participation, social obstacle received the highest rate, followed by family obstacle and personal reasons. As for the type of social education programs, home management programs were the most preferred, followed by psychological education, family education, leisure activity programs, physical education, and social education programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.6 s.84
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• pp.41-53
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• 2005

The effective utilization of an airport is considerably influenced by natural features and man-made structures inside and outside its boundary. These obstacles affect the airspace available for approaches and departures and the weather minima which dictates the necessary weather conditions for aircraft to be allowed to take-off or land. Certain areas of the airspace near airports must be regarded as the integral parts of the airport system. The availability of the required airspace is as important as are the runway and their associated strips to the safe and efficient use of the airport. For these reasons, ICAO and the member states have established the standards regarding the obstacle limitation surfaces and regulated the construction of the man-made structures in and beyond the surfaces. Existing objects that extend above a obstacle limitation surfaces should as for as practicable be removed except when, in the opinion of the appropriate authority, an objects is shielded an existing immovable objects, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of airplanes. However, Korea's aviation law does not specified the outer horizontal surface in the obstacle limitation surfaces, while ICAO and most member states do. The absence of the outer horizontal surface regulation has created legal disputes between regulating agencies and private parties. The case study in this paper found that a skyscraper planned beyond Korea's obstacle limitation surfaces does affect the flight safety and the efficient use of an airport. Therefore, in areas beyond the obstacle limitation surfaces. those objects which extend to a height of 150m or more above ground elevation should be regarded as obstacle, unless a special aeronautical study indicates that they do not constitute a hazard to airplanes. We proposed low alternative regulatory schemes for resolving the issues raised in this paper, and we recommended to adopt ICAO's standards and recommended practices.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.6
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• pp.75-88
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• 2000

There are many reasons why foreigners have difficulties learning English. In addition to the difference between English and the learner's grammar, the large number of irregularities found in English become another obstacle to learning English. Understanding the difference and the irregularities will help us not only have a good command of English but also teach English more effectively. Many irregular or alternating patterns, or even anomalies in Modern English are the results of historical changes. In this paper, I would like to focus on some of the irregular or alternating patterns found in different components of the grammar of English and to show how they can be accounted for historically. Through this study, I would like to show that the irregular patterns and anomalies in English were once regular and systematic, they have deviated from the regular patterns of the grammar as time has gone by, and they have survived in Modern English as irregular and alternating patterns. Many of the irregular or alternating patterns can be traced back by phonological, morphological and/or semantic changes in the history of English. Finally, by looking at language history, we can hold a more tolerant view on many anomalies present in English.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.176-181
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• 2003

Damages by vibration and noise due to the construction performance are increasing. The rise of construction demand and enlargement of equipments are major reasons of this damage. As a result, the enmity of the people is provoked and this appears to be an obstacle of construction work. Especially, in case of ground improvement construction. Casing pipe is inserted into the Sand Drain, Sand Compaction Pile and Vibrated Crushed-stone Pile by vibration power when carrying out. Hence, a pillar is formed and it creates vibration and noise. This causes a lot of restrictions to construction condition. The low Vibration and low noise construction equipments uses earth auger and hydrulic cylinder for insertion and chopping operation instead of vibro hammer, which is the source of vibration and noise. This minimize ground disturbanceand decrease vibration and noise successfully, but increase chopping effect greatly. Thus, this new equipment is not only suitable for environment but also excellent engineering method of construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2011

Construction plans for large construction projects are problems such as Incompatibility of information, omissions due to technical limitations of 2D CAD. In addition to, Plan established for the validation such as process, cost and construction technology plan is difficult. By occurring Frequent changes in the course of business, Inefficiency of management has occurred. In the construction process, there is occurred costs and construction delays due to reconstruction or communication error. In this study, It was deemed BIM will complement Existing 2D CAD problem. And, BIM case studies in the construction phase of domestic construction were analyzed, How to apply BIM in the construction phase investigated.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 2013

To resolve global environmental problems, many automobile companies are making a great deal of effort to develop so-called green-cars. One of the solutions is an electric vehicle equipped with the PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) stack. However, the cost of the stack, at the moment, is still too high. This obstacle must be resolved for commercialized fuel cell cars. One of the reasons for high cost is a relatively large amount of Pt (platinum) in the membrane. In this paper, a method for reducing the Pt-loading is introduced. Furthermore, the durability of the stack will be important for a company to stay competitive in world markets (in the future). For this, the diagnosis of the stack must be conducted on-line. Some diagnosis methods as key technology are also introduced in this paper.

• Advances in robotics research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-39
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• 2014

Due to the rapid progress in the field of robotics, it is a high time to concentrate on the development of a robot that can manoeuvre in all type of landscapes, ascend and descend stairs and sloping surfaces autonomously. This paper presents details of a prototype robot which can navigate in very rough terrain, ascend and descend staircase as well as sloping surface and cross ditches. The robot is made up of six differentially steered wheels and some passive mechanism, making it suitable to cross long ditches and landscape undulation. Static stability of the developed robot have been carried out analytically and navigation capability of the robot is observed through simulation in different environment, separately. Description of embedded system of the robot has also been presented and experimental validation has been made along with some details on obstacle avoidance. Finally the limitations of the robot have been explored with their possible reasons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2000

Today the supply of school sports halls for multi-functional use is absolutely insufficient in school facilities of Korea. For economical reasons and efficiency of use, a joint utilization of these halls by schools, sports clubs and other users should be strived for. This will lead, as a result, to a minimization overall in the demand for halls. Above all to satisfy this demand, the regulations of sports facilities suitable to the students' standards of play and physical conditions must be preceded in Korea. And a study on the architectural planning of this hall size for primary, middle and high school is needed. This study aims at establishing the range of optimum size of school sports hall in Korea by surveying and analyzing the regulations of sports facilities about clear height of hall, obstacle-free zone and court area in Japan, England, Germany and U.S.A. Therefore, this study will offer valuable basic data in planning the school sports hall.