• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim on this study was to establish the validity, reliability and efficiency of a Pain Self-Report Scale for elderly with dementia and compare these results with an observational pain rating scale. Methods: Study subjects were 136 elderly with dementia who were residents in a nursing home, geriatric hospital, or day care center. The subject's pain was measured by five self-report scales and observational scale. DS-DAT (discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer's type) was used for pain behavior observational measure. Cognitive state was assessed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Observational rating correlated moderately with self-report (r=.225~.585, p<.05) and tended to underestimate pain intensity. Test-retest reliability was high for all five self-report scales, and the correlation between these scales was very strong (r=.735~.856, p<.05). Comprehension rate of VDS (verbal descriptor scale) was 88.3%, and NRS (numeric rating scale) 69.9%, FPS (face pain scale) 66.9%, HVAS (horizontal visual analog scale) and VVAS (vertical visual analog scale) 65.4%. Conclusion: Nurses should not apply observational scales routinely in demented patients as many of these are capable of reporting their own pain. Self-report, the highest standard of pain measurement can be reliably performed in a large proportion of demented elderly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Observational data with missing or incomplete data are common in biomedical research. Multiple imputation is an effective approach to handle missing data with the ability to decrease bias while increasing statistical power and efficiency. In recent years propensity score (PS) matching has been increasingly used in observational studies to estimate treatment effect as it can reduce confounding due to measured baseline covariates. In this paper, we describe in detail approaches to competing risk analysis in the setting of incomplete observational data when using PS matching. First, we used multiple imputation to impute several missing variables simultaneously, then conducted propensity-score matching to match statin-exposed patients with those unexposed. Afterwards, we assessed the effect of statin exposure on the risk of heart failure-related hospitalizations or emergency visits by estimating both relative and absolute effects. Collectively, we provided a general methodological framework to assess treatment effect in incomplete observational data. In addition, we presented a practical approach to produce overall cumulative incidence function (CIF) based on estimates from multiple imputed and PS-matched samples.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2020

S 밴드, C 밴드 그리고 X 밴드 레이더는 기상 관측을 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 기상청, 환경부, 공군은 부처별 관측 목적에 따라 레이더를 운용하고 있기 때문에 설치 지점과 관측 특성이 서로 다르다. 기상 관측 관점에서는 지리산과 태백산 인근의 산악 지형을 따라 고도 1 km 이하의 저층 관측의 한계 지역이 나타난다. 소형 레이더 설치를 가정하여 저층 관측 보완을 모의하였다. 또한, 북한 지역의 위험 기상 감시를 위해 북한의 강수를 분석하고 대형 레이더 관측망을 모의하였다. 종합하여 한반도 레이더 관측망 구축안을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1141-1154
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• 2018

Numerical experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of data assimilation of observational data on weather and PM (particulate matter) prediction. Observational data applied to numerical experiment are aircraft observation, satellite observation, upper level observation, and AWS (automatic weather system) data. In the case of grid nudging, the prediction performance of the meteorological field is largely improved compared with the case without data assimilations because the overall pressure distribution can be changed. So grid nudging effect can be significant when synoptic weather pattern strongly affects Korean Peninsula. Predictability of meteorological factors can be expected to improve through a number of observational data assimilation, but data assimilation by single data often occurred to be less predictive than without data assimilation. Variation of air pressure due to observation nudging with high prediction efficiency can improve prediction accuracy of whole model domain. However, in areas with complex terrain such as the eastern part of the Korean peninsula, the improvement due to grid nudging were only limited. In such cases, it would be more effective to aggregate assimilated data.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 설치후 초기단계에 있는 우주전파 관측용 13.7m 안테나의 지향정도 확립과 효율측정에 대하여 기술하였다. 지향성 모델은 처음 단계인 모델 1, 2에서는 태양과 달 같은 시직경이 크고 전파강도가 센 천체를 관측하여 설정되었고, 이를 이용한 모델 3, 4에서 전 하늘에 걸친 SiO 메이저원인점 전파원을 관측하여 방위각 오차 3.8" 고도각 오차 10.5"의 실용성 있는 번위로 확립되었다. 구경은 86GHz대에서 각각 35%, 50%로 나타났다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.96.1-96.1
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• 2014

The rotation of asteroids can help reveal not only the fundamental characteristics of asteroids but also the origin and evolution of our Solar System. From the photometric observations for NEA 162173 (1999 JU3) and Maria family asteroids using 0.5 m- to 2 m- class telescopes at 10 observatories in the northern hemisphere, I obtained a total of 260 lightcurves for 97 asteroids and derived synodic rotational periods for 51 objects, including newly obtained periods of 34 asteroids. For the sake of efficiency, I developed an observation scheduler, SMART (Scheduler for Measuring Asteroid RoTation) and a photometric analysis software subsystem, ASAP (Asteroid Spin Analysis Package). Based on the lightcurve analysis of NEA 162173 (1999 JU3) and Maria family asteroids, 1) I present the rotational and observational characteristics of 1999 JU3 and provided the Hayabusa-2 Science team with the information on pole orientations, 2) I investigated correlations among rotational periods, amplitudes of lightcurves, and sizes, and conclude that the rotational properties of old-type family asteroids have been changed considerably by the YORP effect. 3) Finally, I found the Yarkovsky footprints on the Maria asteroid family and estimated that approximately 37 to 75 Maria family asteroids larger than 1 km have entered the near-Earth space every 100 Myr. This study should reveal the collisional history and transport route of the members from the resonance region to the near Earth space, for the first time.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2012

Astronomical Observations at Chungbuk National University Observatory (CBNUO) with an 1 m telescope have begun since April 2008, and Near-Earth Space Survey observations also have been started since November 2010, with a 0.6 m wide field telescope developed by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. To improve observational efficiency, we developed a weather monitoring system enabling automatic monitoring for the weather conditions and checking the status of the observational circumstances, such as dome status. We hope this weather monitoring system can be helpful to more than 100 Korean domestic observatories, including public outreach facilities. In this paper, we present the statistic analysis of the weather conditions collected at CBNUO for 3 years (2009- 2011) and comparisons were made for clear nights between using only humidity data and both humidity and cloud data.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2019

한정된 위성통신망 자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 통신망에 대한 성능과 사용량을 파악하는 것이 우선이다. 본 논문에서는 K-water 홍수예보 경보망으로 운영 중인 위성통신시스템에서 시스템의 운영 효율성과 안정성을 분석하기 위하여, 중심국과 관측국간에 다운로드 및 업로드의 속도를 측정하는 FTP 및 핑 시험과 네트워크 트래픽 분석 방법을 도입하였다. 도입한 시험방법에 의한 전송속도를 측정한 결과, TCP 가속기의 영향은 관측국에서 다운로드시 120% 속도 향상이 되었으며, 데이터의 크기에 따른 차이가 발생하였고, 트래픽 분석에서는 네트워크상에 접속되는 프로토콜 종류와 사용량을 파악하였다. 도입한 위성수문관측시스템의 성능 시험 및 트래픽 분석을 통하여 위성통신시스템의 환경보완 및 개선점을 도출하여 통신망의 운영 효율성과 안정성 향상을 기대할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1973

The present study in the view of humanistic psychology was attempted to seek the purpose of study, the relationship between nurses′working efficiency that measured by an observational working efficiency scale and their subjective perception. "Perceptual orientation scale"(Choy, Chung Hoon 1971) was administered to 100 nurses during the Period of May to July 1972, and the relationship with their ratings by their supervising head nurses. Educational background, ages, and their lengths of caller were compared with their subjective perceptions. All the relationship were calculated by the method of chi-squares and correlational coefficients. The results of this study are summarized as follow: 1. There is no significant relationship between nurses′subjective perceptions and their working ratings. 2. There is significant relationship between nurses′subjective perceptions and their educational backgrounds. 3. There is no significant relationship between nurses′subjective perceptions and their lengths of career. 4. There is no significant relationship between nurses′subjective perceptions and their ages. The results of the present study are interpreted to the sampled research group of this study and are not to be extended to any other groups.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

전파천문분야에서 관측데이터의 저장을 위해 대용량 HDD를 RAID로 연결한 디스크 팩을 활용하고 있다. VLBI 관측의 경우 관측속도가 빨라지고 광대역으로 확장되면서 많은 양의 관측데이터를 저장해야 한다. HDD는 사용회수가 많아질수록 고장이 많이 발생하고 있으며, 이것을 찾아서 복구하는데 많은 시간이 소요된다. 또한 고장난 HDD를 계속 사용할 경우 관측데이터의 손실이 발생한다. 그리고 새 HDD를 구입하여 많은 비용도 필요하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 FirmOS를 이용하여 SATA HDD의 무결성 검사 시스템을 개발하였다. FirmOS는 일반 서버보드와 CPU를 갖는 시스템에서 특정목적에만 동작하도록 개발한 OS이다. 개발한 시스템은 FirmOS 기반에서 SATA HDD의 물리적인 영역에 특정 패턴의 데이터를 쓰고 읽는 과정을 수행한다. 그리고 HDD 제어기의 메모리 영역에서 HDD로부터 읽어들인 저장된 패턴 데이터와 비교를 수행하는 방식으로 HDD의 무결성 검사를 확인하는 방법을 채용하였다. 개발한 시스템을 활용하여 VLBI 관측에서 활용하고 있는 디스크 팩의 고장여부를 쉽게 확인할 수 있었으며, 관측효율을 향상시킬 수 있는데 많은 도움이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개발한 SATA HDD 무결성 확인 시스템의 설계, 구성, 시험 등에 대해 자세히 기술한다.