• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1094-1098
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• 2010

With the high prevalence of functional dyspepsia in the world, it was difficult to get objective diagnosis, treatment and assessment for the reason that there were many different symptoms and signs. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for functional dyspepsia which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 11 oriental division of gastroenterology professors of oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts discussed developing the instrument, and we also took professional advices by e-mail. We divided the symptoms and signs of functional dyspepsia into 6 pattern identification, such as disharmony of liver and stomach, retention of undigested food, damp-heat in the spleen and stomach, simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat syndromes, deficiency and cold of the spleen and the stomach, and insufficiency of stomach eum. We got the mean weights to each symptom of six pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5 by the 11 experts. We made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification composed of 45 questions for functional dyspepsia. Although there are some limitations in our study, the instrument is meaningful and certain worth of its own. We hope to improve the instrument through the further clinical studies and discussions.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2006

The premise of this study is that an ultimate objective in planning an exhibition space is spectators' experiences shaped by a result of their first-hand experiences and responses within an exhibition space, and this result can be recognized in the spectators' movement. Thus, the sign system that can directly affects viewers' main line of flow and movement patterns was examined vis--vis a mutually complementary relation in a triangular composition with the structure of exhibition space and the exhibition contents. Based on the findings, predictive values before and after a complementary application of the sign system to the structure of exhibition space was analyzed and its validity was assessed. The results of this research analysis were drawn as follows. It was shown that an understanding of the locations of direction signs and the degree of recognition can function as an important factor to predict viewers' movement, along with an understanding of topological characteristics of an exhibition space. In terms of the connection and disconnection of space units that form the space structure, it suggests that the distribution of signs and the degree of recognition can adjust the degree of connection and disconnection. Even though exhibition spaces for research subjects were selected from a relatively large number of museums, but the research was limited with a focus on the structure of exhibition space and sign systems. Thus, it is proposed that future studies should be conducted by including varieties of exhibition and environmental factors.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the toxicity after a single oral administration of black raspberry extract to male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to determine the approximate lethal dose (ALD). Methods : We previously showed that the black raspberry extract repressed the simvastatin-mediated expression of Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and improved Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) uptake by hepatocytes through the induction of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor expression in hepatocytes. The groups consisted of black raspberry extract groups, as an oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg and a control group. 5 weeks SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 5 rats. Each male and female SD rats were administered orally once. For 14 days after the administration, mortality, clinical signs, changes in body weight, and necropsy findings were observed according to the "Standard for Toxicity Study of Pharmaceuticals" of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guideline and "Acute Oral Toxicity- Fixed Dose Procedure" of OECD Test Guideline. Results : There were no cases of mortality in the group administered with 2,000 mg/kg of male and female, and no abnormalities in body weight change and clinical signs. Also, no gross abnormalities were observed at the autopsy. Conclusions : As a result of a single oral administration of the black raspberry extract to SD rats, the ALD was determined to exceed 2,000 mg/kg for both male and female SD rats.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Insampaedok-san extract in ICR Mice. Methods : SPF ICR male and female mice were administered orally with Insampaedok-san extract of 0 (control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. After single administration, we daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, gross findings and changes of body weight for 14 days. Hematological parameters and isolated organ weights were determined after 14 days of administration. Results : No dead animal and no significant changes of body weights were found during experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and all of treated groups in clinical signs, organ weights and hematology, and other findings. Conclusions : Insampaedok-san extract did not show any toxic effects and oral LD50 values of the extracts was over 5000 mg/kg in ICR mice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

Objective : Spinal nerve root compression occurs commonly in conditions, such as herniated nucleus pulposus, spinal stenosis, intervertebral foraminal stenosis, and trauma. However, the pathophysiolosy of the symptoms and signs related to spinal nerve root compression is poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the changes of various pressures of intervertebral foraminal pressure before and after decompression. Method : After laminetomy without foraminotomy was performed, pressure sensor tip of Camino parenchymal type was located at the middle-central portion of the intervertebral foramen and anterior portion of nerve root for the foraminal pressure before decompression of the intervertebral foramen. After laminectomy with foraminotomy, the same method was used for the foraminal pressure after decompression. The authors studied 40 consecutive patients (57 disc spaces) with severe constant root pain to the lower leg, pain unrelived by bed rest, and minimal tension signs, diagnosed by MRI. Results : In patients with intervertebral foraminal stenosis, the intraforaminal pressure was decreased from $86{\pm}2.23mmHg$ to $17.1{\pm}1.51mmHg$ and in patients without stenosis, from $55.9{\pm}1.08mmHg$ to $11.9{\pm}1.25mmHg$. All patients below 20mmHg after decompression showed good outcome, but 4 cases who showed poor outcome had foraminal stenosis, posterolateral type of the herniated disc, and above 30mmHg of foraminal pressure after decompression. Conclusion : These findings suggest that if the foraminal pressure falls below 20mmHg after decompression, good outcome can be anticipated. Central type of the herniated disc shows better outcome compared to the posterolateral type.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2014

Objective : General anesthesia is often preferred for endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysm at most centers. But in the authors' hospital, it is performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using dexmedetomidine. To determine the feasibility and safety of this approach, the authors reviewed our initial experience. Methods : Retrospective data was analyzed from July 2012 to November 2012. We performed coil embolization in 28 cases using this method. Among them, for statistical significance, we analyzed 12 cases in which the procedure time exceeded an hour. Vital signs were analyzed every 10 minutes. Depth of sedation was measured according to the Ramsay sedation scale and frequency of the repeated roadmap image(s) caused by movement of the patient's head during the procedure. Results : All procedures were completed without occurrence of procedure related complications. Under MAC using dexmedetomidine, vital signs of the patients were stable, no statistical significance regarding hemodynamic and respiratory parameters was observed between time points (p>0.05). Adequate sedation was achieved. Mean Ramsay sedation scale was $3.67{\pm}1.61$ (2 to 6). Repeated roadmap image(s) due to patient's factor occurred in only one case. The mean dosage of drug for adequate sedation for the procedure was $0.65{\pm}0.12mcg/kg/hr$ without loading doses. Conclusion : To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report published in English using the method of monitored anesthesia with dexmedetomidine for intracranial aneurysm coiling. Monitored anesthesia care using dexmedetomidine without loading dose for embolization of intracranial aneurysms appeared to be a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1999

본 연구의 복적은 국내 도시고속도로에 설치가 확대되고 있는 가변전광판을 이용하여 경고우회와 속도관리와 같은 적극적인 교통류관리방안의 도입 타당성을 검토하자는 것이다. 첫째, 도시고속도로 운전자들에게 본선 교통혼잡정보와 우회경로 교통정보를 가변전광판에 제공하였을 경우 우회경로로의 우회율을 조사하여 이에 따른 효과를 평가하였다. 올림픽대로 현장실험 결과 가변전광판에 우회경로에 대한 교통정보를 추가적으로 표출함에 따른 추가 우회율은 1.7%로 추정되었으며, 이에 따른 본선의 총통행시간은 3.7% 개선된 것으로 추정되었다. 둘째, 본선 하류부에 혼잡 발생시 권고속도 문안을 가변전광판에 표출하였을 경우의 속도관리 효과를 평가하였다. 올림픽도로 현장실험 견과 '속도를 줄이시오'라는 메시지에는 속도변화 반응이 발생하지 않았으나 '70km/h 속도 유지'와 같은 직접적인 권장속도 메시지에는 뚜렷한 속도감소반응이 관측되었다. 종합적으로 국내 도시고속도로에서도 가변전광판의 설치지점선정과 운영방식이 보완된다면 교통류관리 분야에 가변전광판의 활용범위가 넓어질 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Objective : Scolopendra, a dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, is one of Korean medicine. Several reports revealed that Scolopendra has therapeutic effects for arthritis, neuroinflammatory diseases and neuropathic pain. However, the fetal adaptive response or teratogenicity associated with administration of Scolopendra is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the fetal toxicity effects that were induced following oral administration of Scolopendra water extract (SWE) in pregnant mice. Methods : The pregnant mice were administrated SWE at dosed of 0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day during gestation day 0-18. The mortality, body weight and clinical signs of pregnant mice were observed throughout experimental period. Also, the mortality and malformations in foetus were examined. Results : No meaningful changes were observed in the mortality and clinical signs of pregnant mice between the normal control group and SWE administrated groups. Additionally, there are no significant changes in fetal mortalities, and malformations by SWE administration. conclusion : These results suggest that oral exposure to SWE during pregnancy at oral dosages up to 1000 mg/kg/day did not induce teratogenic toxicity in regard to fetal mortality and morphology.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.430-438
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• 2022

Objective : Dermoid cysts are uncommon in spinal cord tumors, and the phenomenon of their spontaneous rupture into the syrinx cavity is quite rare. We aimed to analyze the imaging characteristics and etiologies, and propose some surgical strategies, for this uncommon phenomenon. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 14 cases with spinal dermoid cysts that ruptured into the cervical and thoracic syrinx cavity. There were six male and eight female cases, aged 21 to 46 years, who had lipid droplets in the syrinx cavity from C1 to L3. The dermoid cysts were always located at the conus. Based on patients' complaints, clinical manifestations, and imaging results, we adopted tumor excision and/or syrinx cavity aspiration in one stage or multiple stages. Results : Three patients had only a syrinx cavity aspiration surgery due to a history of dermoid cyst excision. Eight patients had dermoid cyst resection and syrinx cavity aspiration in one stage. One patient was operated upon in two stages due to the development of new symptoms at nine months follow-up. Two patients underwent only tumor resection since they did not show similar symptoms or signs caused by the cervicothoracic syrinx. The axial magnetic resonance imaging indicated that the lipid droplets were always not at the center but were eccentric. The clinical effect was satisfactory during the follow-up period in this group. Conclusion : The lipid droplets filled the spinal syrinx cavity, not entirely confined to the central canal. Based on the chief complaints and associated signs, we adopted different surgical strategies and had satisfactory clinical results.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2001

Objective: To compare the usefulness of unenhanced spiral CT (UCT) with that of excretory urography (EU) in patients with acute flank pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients presenting with acute flank pain underwent both UCT and EU. Both techniques were used to determine the presence, size, and location of urinary stone, and the presence or absence of secondary signs was also evaluated. The existence of ureteral stone was confirmed by its removal or spontaneous passage during follow-up. The absence of a stone was determined on the basis of the clinical and radiological evidence. Results: Twenty-one of the 30 patients had one or more ureteral stones and nine had no stone. CT depicted 22 of 23 calculi in the 21 patients with a stone, and no calculus in all nine without a stone. The sensitivity and specificity of UCT were 96% and 100%, respectively. EU disclosed 14 calculi in the 21 patients with a stone and no calculus in eight of the nine without a stone. UCT and EU demonstrated secondary signs of ureterolithiasis in 15 and 17 patients, respectively. Conclusion: For the evaluation of patients with acute flank pain, UCT is an excellent modality with high sensitivity and specificity. In near future it may replace EU.