• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between hand dexterity and visual-motor skills of preschoolers. We searched for the correlation between two test results, which were the 9-Hole Peg Test performance time and the visual motor integration test(VMI) performance score. Then, we also compared the 9-Hole Peg Test performance times with the VMI performance scores according to sex and age. Method : The participants were fifty normal children ranging in age from four to six years living in Busan. We used two test methods which have high reliability and validity. One was the 9-Hole Peg Test to evaluate hand dexterity, and the other was the VMI to the evaluate visual-motor skills of these young children. Results : First, over the entire range of the participating children, there was a high correlation between the performance times from the 9-Hole Peg Test and the VMI performance scores(r=-.682). Second, there was not a statistically significant difference between the performance times from the 9-Hole Peg Test and the VMI scores according to sex. Third, there were significant differences between the hand dexterity and visual-motor skills according to the children's age(p<.001). Conclusion : This study proved that there is high correlation between hand dexterity and visual-motor skills of the preschooler. Occupational therapists in preschool service should consider that visual-motor skills need to be compatible with hand dexterity in both evaluation and therapy. In addition, hand dexterity and visual-motor skills improved according to advances in age, so we must give graded tasks to proper age groups through concrete analysis of activity. By doing this, children can get the better therapeutic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.828-836
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• 2012

This study provided the data for the planning of knit apparel by analyzing structural effects of intarsia and jacquard knit on mechanical properties, subjective hand measurements, and preference. Intarsia and 7 types of color jacquard (floating jacquard, normal jacquard, bird's eye jacquard, tubular jacquard, ladder's back jacquard, blister jacquard, and transfer jacquard) were used. The samples (with a gauge of 14) were knitted using 100% wool 2/48's yarn by a Shima Seiki SIG computer knitting machine. Mechanical properties and hand values were measured by a KES-FB system. Subjective hand and favorable images were surveyed based on women in their 20s and 30s. The data were analyzed by a factor analysis, ANOVA and correlation analysis using SPSS 12.0. The subjective hand of intarsia and jacquard knits was categorized into 'thermofeeling', 'weight/flexibility', and 'durability'. The results of the favorable image survey for F/W outer knitwear showed that tubular jacquard was most favorable; however, the transfer jacquard was least favorable. Among the three factors that explain the subjective hand, thermofeeling had a strong influence on the favorable image of consumers. Bird's eye jacquard and tubular jacquard turned out to be most suitable for suits, intarsia and floating jacquard were suitable for cardigans and sweaters, ladder's back jacquard was suitable for hats or mufflers, and transfer jacquard was suitable for home fashion rather than garments.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.411-426
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this thesis is to design the interaction structure and framework of system to recognize sign language. Background: The sign language of meaningful individual gestures is combined to construct a sentence, so it is difficult to interpret and recognize the meaning of hand gesture for system, because of the sequence of continuous gestures. This being so, in order to interpret the meaning of individual gesture correctly, the interaction structure and framework are needed so that they can segment the indication of individual gesture. Method: We analyze 700 sign language words to structuralize the sign language gesture interaction. First of all, we analyze the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Second, we analyze the movement of the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Third, we analyze the type of other gestures except hands. Based on this, we design a framework for sign language interaction. Results: We elicited 8 patterns of hand gesture on the basis of the fact on whether the gesture has a change from starting point to ending point. And then, we analyzed the hand movement based on 3 elements: patterns of movement, direction, and whether hand movement is repeating or not. Moreover, we defined 11 movements of other gestures except hands and classified 8 types of interaction. The framework for sign language interaction, which was designed based on this mentioned above, applies to more than 700 individual gestures of the sign language, and can be classified as an individual gesture in spite of situation which has continuous gestures. Conclusion: This study has structuralized in 3 aspects defined to analyze the transformational patterns of the starting point and the ending point of hand shape, hand movement, and other gestures except hands for sign language interaction. Based on this, we designed the framework that can recognize the individual gestures and interpret the meaning more accurately, when meaningful individual gesture is input sequence of continuous gestures. Application: When we develop the system of sign language recognition, we can apply interaction framework to it. Structuralized gesture can be used for using database of sign language, inventing an automatic recognition system, and studying on the action gestures in other areas.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

In general, the function limitation of the burned hand is determined by the thermal injury; however, infection, pressure necrosis, inactivity, poor positioning, subsequent scarring and contractures are intimately related to functional disability. The goal of treatment of the burned hand is the prevention of deformities and maintainance of function. Objective : This study of the Acupuncture therapeutic effect on the burned hand will suggest another treatment plan for the more effective therapy. Methods : To heal the burned hand, we used Acupuncture therapy as Banja-technic(半刺法) Moja-technic(毛刺法). Results & Conclusions : Authors reviewed 1 patient who had received only Acupuncture treatment for the burned hand. The burned hand of the patient was healed in about 11 days by only Acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2021

Introduction Hand eczema is dermatitis that occurs on the hand and fingers. In this case, the patient had chronic hand eczema that had relapsed for 3 years, worsened for 6 months, and did not improve even with standard dermatological treatment. We report significant improvement of the patient with chronic hand eczema, diagnosed with Soeunmin Greater Yin Symptomatology based on Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Methods We prescribed herbal medicine, Sibimigwanjung-tang(十二味寬中湯), and the western medications were continued throughout the treatment period. To evaluate the treatment progression, we observed objective and subjective symptoms and took pictures of the patient's hands. Results At the first time of the outpatient visit, the patient complained of pain, oozing, scaling and severe itching even though she had taken dermatological medication for over 6 months. After 8 weeks of Korean medicine treatment, most symptoms showed improvement, and after about 47 weeks of treatment, the symptoms maintained 90% improvement even after stopping western medications and herbal medications. Conclusion The patient in this case showed a significant improvement of chronic hand eczema and the improvements have been maintained even stopping western medications and herbal medications during follow-up for 15 weeks. In addition, the patient showed improvement and maintenance of general conditions as well as skin-related symptoms. In this case, we can concern the effect of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine focused on treating the patient's general pathology as well as the patient's chief complaint at chronic hand eczema not responding to standard dermatological treatment.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.822-832
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• 2018

Objective To determine the socio-demographic, psychologic, hematologic, or other relevant factors associated with hand grip strength in Korean farmers. Methods A total of 528 healthy Korean farmers were enrolled. Hand grip strength was measured in both hands using a hydraulic dynamometer. Socio-demographic characteristics were assessed and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Psycho-cognitive measurements such as sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and Go/No-Go test response time were conducted. In addition to physical measurements, serologic parameters including insulin-like growth factor 1 were measured. The factors associated with hand grip strength were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, height, and weight. Results The mean hand grip strength was associated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score (${\beta}=-0.12$, p=0.01), the Go/No-Go test response time (${\beta}=-0.18$, p=0.001), vitamin D (${\beta}=0.12$, p=0.02), and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels (${\beta}=0.1$, p=0.045). In female farmers, hand grip strength was only associated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score (${\beta}=-0.32$, p<0.001). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that hand grip strength was associated with sleep quality and attention in Korean farmers.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand and to investigate an effect of the individual finger on the total grip strength depending on dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Background: Many studies on the ratio of the grip force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand has been researched. While a 10% rule which is a ratio of the grip force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand has been applied in most studies, studies on the rate of the individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand have been insufficiently researched. Method: The experiment was preceded with 17 subjects (male, mean 25.8 ages). The individual finger force and total grip strength were measured using pliers being able to change the grip span from 45 to 80mm. Results: The difference of total grip strength between dominant hand and non-dominant hand is following 10% rule. However, the difference of individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand are not same as the difference of total grip strength. Especially in the case of grip span with 50mm, the differences between total grip strength, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger were $9.87{\pm}14.80%$, $8.95{\pm}37.17%$, $13.71{\pm}28.27%$, $6.77{\pm}24.35%$, $39.29{\pm}42.46%$, respectively, with p=0.018 of statistical significance. Additionally, the results of regression analysis in 50 and 60mm of grip span showed that the difference in ring finger affected the most to the total grip strength; and the effects followed in order of index finger, middle finger, and little finger. Conclusion: Our study suggests that an effect of individual finger and grip span of pliers have to be considered when explaining the difference of the total grip strength between dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Application: This result is expected to be used for designing ergonomic hand tool.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2005

Purpose: To report the results and the efficacy of the sensory bearing scapular free flap which is known as non-sensible flap. Materials and Methods: Authors underwent 24 cases of sensory bearing scapular free flap to the hands and feet from March 1995 to November 2002. average follow-up period was six year three months. The used flaps were a ordinary scapular flap in fifteen cases, and a parascapular flap in nine. Sensibility of the flaps were checked every one month. Actual sensory evaluation was mostly depends on objective feeling of the patients. Two point discrimination test was performed in all cases. Results: 23 flaps had good skin circulation after microvascular anastomosis among 24. Objective deep touch sensation were observed about three months later after the operation in three cases, between three and six months in nine. In three case whose results were excellent than others, two point discrimination was 2.7 cm at last follow-up. Most of the sensory recovery is confined in deep touch, temperature and light touch sensation was recovered limitedly in 3 cases during our follow-up period. Conclusion: Authors can propose that sensory bearing free scapular flap was considered as one of useful methods for the reconstruction to hand with soft tissue defect and mutilating hand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2017

The major parts of a vacuum cleaner are molded. The vacuum cleaner works in multi-load conditions. Therefore, the designer needs to optimize the structure and injection molding conditions simultaneously. Here, the main factor of design is the rib shape and thickness. The greater the rib thickness, the greater the stiffness of the structure. However, it causes an increase in weight. On the other hand, the lower the rib thickness, the greater the increase in the injection pressure. However, the weight will be reduced. Therefore, the designer needs to optimize the rib shape and thickness for structure stiffness and injection molding. In order to solve this problem, we propose an optimization method using D.O.E and a response surface model, which is a multi-objective optimization method using the multi-objective genetic algorithm.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of hand grip strength on the muscle activation of shoulder joint in breast cancer patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten breast cancer patients who agreed to active participation were included. These patients were operated with either conservative surgery or segmental mastectomy, and then were treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, supraspinatus and serratus anterior muscle were measured using surface electrodes during 4 hand gripping tasks (lowered their arms in standing position, 0%, 30%, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction) in the scapular abduction plane. Results: The results were analyzed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference in the lower trapezius and supraspinatus muscles according to grip strength, lower trapezius and supraspinatus muscles showed significantly difference according to grip strength (p<0.05). The result of the muscle activation according to hand strength (0%, 30%, and 50%) it showed a significant difference between the upper trapezius and supraspinatus in 0% grip strength (p<0.05). In addition, it did not show a significant difference between muscles in 30%, 50% hand strength. Conclusions: This study showed an increase in shoulder muscle activation with increasing hand grip strength with the upper trapezius muscle being more activated than other muscles in 0% grip strength. The finding of this study suggests usefulness for development of preventative measures and rehabilitation strategies for increasing shoulder motor function in patients with breast cancer.