• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2022

Although translational research is referred to clinical chemistry measures, correct weighting factors for linear and quadratic calibration curves with least-squares regression algorithm have not been carefully considered in bioanalytical assays yet. The objective of this study was to identify steroidogenic roles in preeclampsia and verify accuracy of quantitative results by comparing two different linear regression models with weighting factor of 1 and 1/x². A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based adrenal steroid assay was conducted to reveal metabolic signatures of preeclampsia in both serum and placenta samples obtained 15 preeclamptic patients and 17 age-matched control pregnant women (33.9 ± 4.2 vs. 32.8 ± 5.6 yr, respectively) at 34~36 gestational weeks. Percent biases in the unweighted model (w_i = 1) were inversely proportional to concentrations (-739.4 ~ 852.9%) while those of weighted regression (w_i = 1/x²) were < 18% for all variables. The optimized LC-MS combined with the weighted linear regression resulted in significantly increased maternal serum levels of pregnenolone, 21-deoxycortisol, and tetrahydrocortisone (P < 0.05 for all) in preeclampsia. Serum metabolic ratio of (tetrahydrocortisol + allo-tetrahydrocortisol) / tetrahydrocortisone indicating 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 was decreased (P < 0.005) in patients. In placenta, local concentrations of androstenedione were changed while its metabolic ratio to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone responsible for 17,20-lyase activity was significantly decreased in patients (P = 0.002). The current bioanalytical LC-MS assay with corrected weighting factor of 1/x² may provide reliable and accurate quantitative outcomes, suggesting altered steroidogenesis in preeclampsia patients at late gestational weeks in the third trimester.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.443-454
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• 2007

Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.7 s.178
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• pp.1661-1672
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• 2000

An immune system has powerful abilities such as memory, recognition and learning how to respond to invading antigens, and has been applied to many engineering algorithms in recent year. In this pap er, the combined optimization algorithm (Immune- Genetic Algorithm: IGA) is proposed for multi-optimization problems by introducing the capability of the immune system that controls the proliferation of clones to the genetic algorithm. The optimizing ability of the proposed combined algorithm is identified by comparing the result of optimization with simple genetic algorithm for two dimensional multi-peak function which have many local optimums. Also the new combined algorithm is applied to minimize the total weight of the shaft and the transmitted forces at the bearings. The inner diameter oil the shaft and the bearing stiffness are chosen as the design variables. The dynamic characteristics are determined by applying the generalized FEM. The results show that the combined algorithm and reduce both the weight of the shaft and the transmitted forces at the bearing with dynamic conatriants.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.712-723
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to search the factors inducing the visitors to revisit in Bangeo Festival of Jeju region. To get this objective, this study analyzed the data with the Multinomial Logit Model applied dependent variable to intention of revisit. As a result, 'festival program' factor is the most important thing and if the factor increases by 1 unit, the probability of 'revisit' can be increased by 5.255 times than the probability of 'no revisit'. Secondly, the next significant factors are 'festival convenience' and 'festival recognition in advance'. So the providers of the festival will intend to prepare the festival focused on the important factor proposed by this results.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.739-747
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• 2011

Objective: The present study evaluated information presentation methods applicable to a wearable Braille display in terms of performance and satisfaction measures. Background: A Braille display wearable at a finger can improve accessibility of information for the blind by presenting information in real time. Method: A Braille display with six pins operated by DC servomotors was developed to simulate four information presentation methods(active, stationary, simultaneous, and sequential methods). An evaluation experiment was conducted with 16 participants(8 normal and 8 blind participants) by using three objective measures(reaction time, RT, unit: sec; recognition time, CT, unit: sec; correct response percentage, CP) and two subjective measures(overall satisfaction, OS; perception easiness, PE) with a 7-point scale. Results: The average RTs and CTs of the active and stationary methods were significantly shorter than those of the simultaneous and sequential methods for the blind participants. Also, the average CPs, OSs, and PEs of the active and sequential methods were significantly higher than those of the stationary and simultaneous methods. Conclusion: The active and sequential methods were preferred to the other methods for the blind. Application: The performance characteristics identified in the present study for the four braille display methods can be utilized to develop an effective wearable Braille display system.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.473-491
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• 2002

This article analyzes mathematics education from dialectical materialism acknowledging the objectivity of knowledge. The thesis that knowledge is objective advances to the recognition that knowledge will be internalized, and an idea of zone of proximal development(ZPD) is established as a practice program of internalization. The lower side of ZPD, i.e. the early stage of internalization takes imitation in a large portion. And in the process of internalization the mediational means play an important role. Hereupon the role of mathematics teacher, the object of imitation, stands out significantly. In this article, treating the contents of study as follows, I make manifest that teaching and learning in mathematics classroom are united dialectically: I hope to findout the method of teaching-learning to mathematical knowledge from the point of view that mathematical knowledge is objective; I look into how analysis into units, as the analytical method of Vygotsky, has been developed from the side of mathematical teaching-learning; I discuss the significance of mediational means to play a key role in attaining the internalization in connection with ZPD and re-illuminate imitation. Based on them, I propose how the role of mathematics teachers, and the principle of organization to mathematics textbook should be.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.211-226
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• 2008

This thesis is to figure out the job satisfaction and aptitude/vocation recognition of the child welfare teachers dispatched to Region Children Center and provide the basic data for the better children welfare policy in future based on it. First, as for the difference of recognition in the job satisfaction of the child welfare teachers dispatched by the population-statistic property of the research objects, there appeared a meaningful difference by the gender concerning the relation with seniors(p<.01), satisfaction with the office of the child welfare teachers dispatched(p<.01) satisfaction with provided knowledge information(p<.05) and the whole job satisfaction of the child welfare teachers dispatched. As the result of the survey of the recognition on aptitude and job understanding level, there appeared some meaningful differences by the school background on whether or not currently to make efforts to get a better job. In the matter of the pride as to the child welfare teachers dispatched, 27.5% of opinion givers had a clear mission and an objective sense about a current job, and the child welfare teachers dispatched recognized that they felt pleasure and value through the education of students. They understood the difficulty of the management of the children instruction program of region children center in the biggest matters such as the insufficiency of education materials and facilities, and the insufficiency of parents' participation and understanding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of environmental perception in neighborhood parks on user's recognition of health improvement. This study used objective field survey data and subjective user survey data at 8 neighborhood parks in Changwon City. According to the results, the perceptions of distance and street environment from home to park were evaluated highly but the perception of water spaces and various attractions within the parks were rated lowly in most of parks. As a result of factor analysis, 23 environmental perception variables were classified into 6 factors such as scenery, comfort, accessibility, activity, convenience and amenity. For the result of regression analysis between environmental perceptions and user's recognition of health improvement based on 6 factors, the recognition of physical health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 4 parks among 8 parks. 'Accessibility' and 'activity' were analyzed as the meaningful factors in 3 parks. Also, recognition of mental health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 5 parks among 8 parks and especially 'accessibility' was showed as the significant factor in 4 parks. The findings from this study can contribute to improve the physical environments of the present parks and can be a basic data for new park development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1403-1413
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• 2015

An information System Audit by the recognition of a problem and suggestions for solutions for overall matters about constructing and managing information systems is needed in order to contribute to the improvement of an information system's quality and improving the performance of projects. In reality, however, the general cognition is that audit is biased by subjective opinions. For this, an auditor needs to measure the level of recognition of the usability and convenience of the technologies of automating audit by applying TAM in the information system audit, and to analyze the relationship with recognition and availability of the interested parties for the technology (tool) of the audit. By the hypothesis verification result, an auditor needs to present objective corroborative facts that back up the level of recognition and usability for the information technology in the field of audit. This study verified that the phenomenon of technology application can be explained and predicted by applying TAM in the field of audit. Through an empirical study of the recognition level of audit and contractor, the developer suggests that the audit plan stage is similar to the audit corrective action stage, but the audit action stage is different from the audit review stage. This research can verify the audit technology preferred for the availability and intention of use and usability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.21-31
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• 2019

With the development of the aviation industry, aircraft painting design also plays the role of transmitting the national image while conveying the individual image of the airline. The recognition and recognition of the national image can be obtained by building a national brand. As a result, more and more companies are using the national brand image of their own country or other countries to add value to the company. Objective: To better reflect the national brand recognition for the design of the tail fin in the future aircraft painting design. This paper mainly studies the correlation between the tail graphic elements of aircraft painting design and national brand recognition based on the tail graphics of the three major airline alliance members. Based on the prior research, the relevant hypotheses were proposed and the questionnaire was designed. Secondly, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the passengers using the aircraft, and the correlation analysis was performed on the data by the SPSS regression analysis method. Conclusion: Data analysis has a strong correlation.