• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.121-130
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• 1999

The objective of this paper is to apply Extended AND-OR Graph (EAOG)-related techniques to extract knowledge from a specific problem-domain and perform analysis in complicated decision making area. Expert systems use expertise about a specific domain as their primary source of solving problems belonging to that domain. However, such expertise is complicated as well as uncertain, because most knowledge is expressed in causal relationships between concepts or variables. Therefore, if expert systems can be used effectively to provide more intelligent support for decision making in complicated specific problems, it should be equipped with real-time inference mechanism. We develop two kinds of EAOG-driven inference mechanisms(1) EAOG-based forward chaining and (2) EAOG-based backward chaining. and The EAOG method processes the following three characteristics. 1. Real-time inference : The EAOG inference mechanism is suitable for the real-time inference because its computational mechanism is based on matrix computation. 2. Matrix operation : All the subjective knowledge is delineated in a matrix form, so that inference process can proceed based on the matrix operation which is computationally efficient. 3. Bi-directional inference : Traditional inference method of expert systems is based on either forward chaining or backward chaining which is mutually exclusive in terms of logical process and computational efficiency. However, the proposed EAOG inference mechanism is generically bi-directional without loss of both speed and efficiency.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-81
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• 2016

The objective of this essay is to propose a cultural history of cosmography and cartography from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. It focuses on some of the processes that characterized these fields of knowledge, using mainly western European sources. First, it elucidates the meaning that the term cosmography held during the period under consideration, and the scientific status that this composite field of knowledge enjoyed, pointing to the main processes that structured cosmography between the thirteenth century and the sixteenth century. I then move on to expound the circulation of cosmographic knowledge among Portugal, Venice and Lisbon in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. This analysis will show how cartography and cosmography were produced at the interface of articulated commercial, diplomatic and scholarly networks; finally, the last part of the essay focuses on the specific and quite distinctive use of cosmography in fifteenth-century European culture: the representation of "geo-political" projects on the world through the reformulation of the very concepts of sea and maritime networks. This last topic will be developed through the study of Fra Mauro's mid-fifteenth-century visionary project about changing the world connectivity through the linking of several maritime and fluvial networks in the Indian Ocean, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea basin, involving the circumnavigation of Africa. This unprecedented project was based on a variety of sources accumulated in the Mediterranean Sea basin as well as in Asia and in the Indian Ocean over the course of several centuries.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.3 no.3 s.11
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• pp.94-102
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• 2002

It expresses well result measurement system's the importance that 'It can not manage that can not measure.' In this way, there is no expressivity that express difficulty. While Corporation's tangible asset is possible measuring by specific amount of money of financial statement or loss and gain statement etc, Method of corporation's intangible asset measurement is much had been introduced, but some one is not presenting objective frame. This research did size of construction corporation's intangible Asset(Intellectual Asset) through knowledge asset storing accumulation model(XYZ model) that present in LG economy research institute so that do quantification objectively. Through this, can presume construction corporation's intrinsic value level.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to design semantic web and policy direction for national knowledge and information management. The paper describes all the components needed to accomplish the objective: 1) creating unchangeable and unique identifiers for metadata elements, resources, and ontology classes and properties; 2) recommending active use of XML namespaces; 3) establishing metadata and application profile standards for national integrated searching; 4)developing a metadata registry to promote semantic interoperability among metadata; 5) discussing the need of creating ontologies using W3C OWL and ISO Topic Maps; 6) providing intelligent search services based on metadata; and 7) presenting future directions and tasks of national knowledge and information management.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.10
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• pp.27-58
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to clarify the educational literature search methodology objectives and the content structure of a course in bibliography. The content of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The concept and domain of literature search methodology, which has traditionally gone by the name of a guide to use of literature and library, are described. 2. The need of incorporating the methodology into regular college curriculum was investigated in view of the ideology of college education. 3. The background, process, and current status of offering a course in the methodology as a part of regular college curriculum were examined. 4. The educational objective of a course in the methodology was set at the successful activities in self study, life-long-education, and special topic research. 5. Considering the fact that technical knowledge and propositional knowledge should be realized simultaneously, that educational experience should go hand in hand with materials and library, and that knowledge should be constructed systematically and logically, the content structure of the methodology were divided into the following six categories: a) the significance of the methodology of literature search b) the college library and the activities of literature search c) types and characteristics of materials d) literature search by catalog e) explanation of basic bibliography f) research and literature search

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2003

With biomedical literature expanding so rapidly, there is an urgent need to discover and organize knowledge extracted from texts. Although factual databases contain crucial information the overwhelming amount of new knowledge remains in textual form (e.g. MEDLINE). In addition, new terms are constantly coined as the relationships linking new genes, drugs, proteins etc. As the size of biomedical literature is expanding, more systems are applying a variety of methods to automate the process of knowledge acquisition and management. In my talk, I focus on the project, GENIA, of our group at the University of Tokyo, the objective of which is to construct an information extraction system of protein - protein interaction from abstracts of MEDLINE. The talk includes (1) Techniques we use fDr named entity recognition (1-a) SOHMM (Self-organized HMM) (1-b) Maximum Entropy Model (1-c) Lexicon-based Recognizer (2) Treatment of term variants and acronym finders (3) Event extraction using a full parser (4) Linguistic resources for text mining (GENIA corpus) (4-a) Semantic Tags (4-b) Structural Annotations (4-c) Co-reference tags (4-d) GENIA ontology I will also talk about possible extension of our work that links the findings of molecular biology with clinical findings, and claim that textual based or conceptual based biology would be a viable alternative to system biology that tends to emphasize the role of simulation models in bioinformatics.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.161-181
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• 1998

Translating expert knowledge into production rules has been the most difficult and time-consuming when building expert systems (Buchanan et al. 1983). Especially, buidling hierarchical structure, i. e. developing sequential or dominant relationship among production rules is one of the most important and difficult processes. Hierarchical relationship among rules has been typically determined in the course of interviewing human experts. Since this interviewing procedure is rather subjective, however, the hierarchically structured rules produced in terms of interviewing is widely exposed to the severe discussion about their validity (Nisbett and Wilson 1977 : Ericsson and Simon 1980 : Kellog 1982). We thus need an objective method to effectively translate human expert knowledge into structured rules. As such a method, this paper suggests the order anlaysis technique that has been studied in psychometries (Cliff 1977 : Reynolds 1981 : Wise 1983). In this paper we briefly introduce the order analysis and explain how it can be applied to building hierarchical structure of production rules. We also illustrate how bankrupcy prediction rules of small-medium companies can be developed using this order analysis technique. Further, we validata the effectiveness of these rules developed by the order analysis, in comparison with those built by other methods. The rules developed by the proposed outperform those of the other traditional methods in effectively screening the bankrupted firms.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.209-223
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• 2004

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the knowledge, concerns, attitudes of mothers about febrile convulsion in order to suggest education programs. Methods : The subjects of questionnaire investigation were 142 mothers visited pediatrics in Gyeongju dongguk oriental hospital between 3 september and 16 December 2004 with child under 5 years of age. Results : The rate of incorrect answer was 46.0%, experienced mothers had significant high scores than non-experienced mothers in knowledge. Mothers believed reccurent febrile convulsion will cause brain damage(88.7%), considered every febrile convulsion child will have another FC(68.3%). Mothers anticipated inserting object into the child's mouth(72.5%), rushing the child to the hospital(67.6%) during convulsion. Mothers concerned about the risk of subsequent epilepsy(70%) and experienced mothers measured the child's body temperature more frequently than before(66.7%). Conclusions : Answered mothers had inadequate knowledge, high concerns, and didn't know proper management. This suggests that enough information is needed to mothers and proper education programs should be developed in febrile convulsion.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.244-254
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• 2011

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate adherence to self-care and identify associated factors in outpatients with Heart Failure (HF). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 249 outpatient clinic patients were recruited at S university hospital. Between October 2009 and December 2009, data were collected through questionnaires and medical record review. Results: The total mean score of adherence to self-care was $18.07{\pm}3.56$ out of a possible 45 points. Among self-care dimensions, adherence to medication and low salt diet was high, while lower adherence was reported in contact with health professionals if symptoms such as weight gain, edema and fatigue were presented. Multivariate analysis adjusted for other socio-demographic and clinical factors showed that disease knowledge related to heart failure (p<.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p=.027) were independent predictors of adherence to self-care. These factors explained 23% of total variance in the adherence to self-care. Conclusion: Heart failure patients with higher disease knowledge and those who have good systolic function may be more likely to engage in adherence to self-care than those with lack of disease knowledge and low contractility. Further research is needed to confirm these results and identify other predictors of adherence to self-care.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2017

Background: By examining the safety issues involved in on-site training sessions conducted at specialized vocational high schools, and by analyzing the effects of non-destructive testing (NDT) safety training, this study aims to contribute to ensuring the general safety of high school students. Materials and Methods: Students who expressed an interest in participation were surveyed regarding current NDT training practices, as well as NDT safety training. A total of 361 students from 4 schools participated in this study; 37.7% (136 students) were from the Seoul metropolitan area and 62.3% (225 students) were from other areas. Results and Discussion: Of the respondents, 2.2% (8 students) reported having engaged in NDT. As a result of safety training, statistically significant improvements were observed in most areas, except for individuals with previous NDT experience. The areas of improvement included safety awareness, acquisition of knowledge, subjective knowledge levels, objective knowledge levels, and adjustments to existing personal attitudes. Conclusion: Even at absolutely necessary observation-only training sessions, it is crucial that sufficient safety training and additional safety measures be adequately provided.