• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.38
• /
• pp.349-383
• /
• 2019

This discussion is focused on Donghaeanbyulsingut's 'gutchum-pan to pray'. 'Gutchum-pan to pray' is repeated in almost all of the geori in Byulsingut, so it is a crucial chum-pan that can never be disregarded in understanding Byulsingutchum. Meanwhile, it supposes that Donghaeanbyulsingut is grounded on the activity of producing 'praying (words) and dance (motions)' within its relationship with the structure of capitalistic society along with the context of traditional rituals. The motion that is newly generated as a response to the concrete expression of 'praying' conducted by a mudang (a shaman), that is, the expression coming from the inside associated with the praying is seen as gutchum. This dance is bound to be in competition and interest among shaman groups, and they tend to influence one another. If praying leads to dance, a mudang can gain profits from capital as well as the value of labor. When the mudang succeeds in forming a bigger bond of sympathy with her praying, the object of praying gets more eager to select byulbi and dances a heoteunchum (impromptu dance) more vigorously. This means that a mudang's ability to perform a ritual is associated with the object of praying's consumption. With his impromptu motions, the object of praying comes to go into 'the field of consumption' within the structure of capitalistic competition before he is aware of it. Behind the communication that praying leads to dance, a lot of things are associated with one another organically. 'Gutchum-pan to pray' is generated by the continuous movement of diversity and unity that the time has within the ritual of the mudang and the object of praying. It continues to create the future 'self' that is different from the present 'self', and it means that he expects variability from the present 'self' through 'gutchum-pan to pray'. The mudang also prays for him arranging the variability of the other (the object of praying) inside her labor. In a big picture, of course, the mudang expects the variability of herself, too, which is connected to the value of her labor. The variability that they expect forms a crucial axis that determines where the flow of time and space that the 'gutchum-pan to pray' has is directed to. The contents of praying are directly related with the villagers' lives, and what leads to dance is mostly related with their jobs. This implies that what the mudang experiences in her everyday consuming activity is directly associated with the villagers' activity for earning money. In other words, the contents of that praying change constantly according to the flow of capitalistic economy. Also, those striving to respond to it before anyone else also expect better life for them by substituting their self to the 'gutchum-pan to pray' eagerly. If so, who are the ones that generate 'gutchum-pan to pray'? This can be understood through relationship among mudangs, relationship between the mudang and villagers, and also relationship among villagers. Their relationships can never be free from the concepts like labor in capitalistic society, consumption and expenditure, or time; therefore, they come to compete with the other, the present self, or the better self within the diverse relationships. This gets to be expressed in any ways, words or motions. And the range that covers the creation of either group or individual 'gutchum-pan to pray' in the village is the village community. Outside the range, it is upsized to the competition of the village unit, so individual praying may become diminished more easily. Although mudangs pray in each geori, it does not mean all praying leads to dance. Within various relationships between mudangs and villagers, 'gutchum-pan to pray' comes to be generated, repeated, and extinct. As it is mitigated to more positive competition, it does not lead to gutchum any longer. In other words, repeating 'gutchum-pan to pray' previously created has turned the object of praying into the state different from the former. Also, the two groups both have experienced the last step of Byulsingut, and at that point, praying does no longer lead to dance. In other words, from the position of the shaman group, it is the finish of their labor time and ritual performance, and from the perspective of the villagers, it means the finish of consuming activity and participation in a ritual. The characteristics of 'gutchum-pan to pray' can be summarized as follows. First, it goes through the following process: competition in the village group → competition in the group → competition among individuals. Second, repeated praying does not lead to 'gutchum'. Third, in the cases of praying for each of the occupation groups, the mudang can induce a bond of sympathy from the objects of praying directly, and this lead to dance. Fourth, the group that fails in being included in the category of praying gets to be alienated from 'gutchum-pan to pray' repeatedly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.15
• /
• pp.119-140
• /
• 1988

This paper is the study on the Medium Designator in Non-book materials. Main contents of this study were as follows; 1. The medium designator serves to indicate the class of material to which an item belongs. This is used to give an 'early warning' ;to the catalogue user. 2. This medium designator may be further divided into two elements ; a general material designation (GMD), for example video-recording, and a specific material designation (SMD), for example, videodisc. 3. GMD: In cataloging, a term indicating the broad class of material to which a bibliographic item belongs, such as 'motion picture', and SMD : In descriptive cataloging, a term indicating the special class of material (usually the class of physical object) to which a biblographic item belongs, such as videocassette. 4. Locating the medium designator after the title proper was not prescribed until ISBD(G) and AACR2. In pre-ISBD(G) codes, the ,early, warning type of medium designator was placed after all title information. But in AACR2, the medium designator is placed after the title proper, but before parellel title and other title information. 5. In Terminology, Two separate lists of designations are given in AACR2, l.1C1, one for British and one for North American use. The British list contains fewer terms, and uses generic categories to group together some of the North American list. 6. The problem of where to place the medium designator might be circumvented by using some kind of early alerting device other than a formal element of biblliographic description. Various alternatives have been suggested. A more popular device is the provision of symbols or 'media code' which are part of the call number and indicate the porticular medium type. 'Colour-coding' the use of used by some libraries but is now longly discouraged. 7. According to Frost. The medium designatorhas been generally reeognized as serving three functions; 1) as a statement of the nature or basic format of the item cataloged and thus as a meant of informing the user as to the type of material at hand; 2) as a description of the physical charaetistics of medium and as a means of alerting the user to equipment needed to make use of the item. 3) as a device to distinguish different physical formats which share the same title. 8. AACR2 raises some problems which decision makers have neet had to face preriously It provides a GMD for every item in the collection including books and it makes the application of any or all GMD's optional.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.15D no.3
• /
• pp.399-410
• /
• 2008

This paper suggests a new retrieval method using weighted vector sum to resolve a problem of traditional location-based retrieval method, nearest neighbor (NN) query, and NN query using direction. The proposed method filters out data with the radius, and then the remained retrieval area is filtered by a direction information compounded of a user's moving direction, a pre-fixed interesting direction, and a pre-fixed retrieval angle. The moving direction is computed from a vector or a weighted vector sum of several vectors using a weight to adopt several cases. The retrieval angle can be set from traditional $360^{\circ}$ to any degree you want. The retrieval data for this method can be a still and moving image recorded shooting location, and also several type of media like text, web, picture offering to customer with location of company or resort. The suggested method guarantees more accurate retrieval than traditional location-based retrieval methods because that the method selects data within the radius and then removes data of useless areas like passed areas or an area of different direction. Moreover, this method is more flexible and includes the direction based NN.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 1986

Landscape around a settlement is not only a natural object, but also a matters of the man in the co-relation with his environment. Man perceives the landscape rational or sensible. Then it changes into the substance for him and influences him: as we see often in the folklore, that is of importance in the mind. Man reacts against his surroundings deceidedly, selfassurd or commonly, and uses sometimes the landscape to the elements for realization, physical or symbolical. Out of one character of korean villages, adaption to the circumstances, we can notice also its inner image, the reflection of the mind. Seeing and perceiving the environment emotional or reasonable and, reflecting and descreibing the inner self on the space. Here, the landscape and the nature are matter of the man, a scale for his ethical estimation or a mailer of the realization his mind. It is difficult, but important, such a immanent picture in(or of) the landscape to find. This is a preliminary study in such a way.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2021

The three generations of Haenam Yoon, who have been handed down to Gongjae Yoon DuSeo (1668~1715), Yoon DeokHee (1685~1776) and Yoon Yong (1708~1740), were based in Haenam. They had an artistic soul on the stage of Hanyang and succeeded in the art of the family, building a reputation as a family of Seonbi painters representing the late Joseon Dynasty. Born as the eldest son of Gongjae and lived at the age of 82, Rakseo learned a variety of studies, calligraphy and painting from his father and Lee Seo. While learning the paintings of the early and mid Joseon period, and accepting the Namjong painting method, he pursued the realism and three-dimensional sense of the subject by adding a Western-style shading method. In particular, he showed outstanding talent in horse paintings and pottery figures, expressing his original 'Beauty that realistically portrays real scenery'. Cheonggo, who was born as the second son of Rakseo and died at the age of 32, was good at Namjong landscape painting using various tree drawing methods. He painted the original Siuido by changing the topical poems, as well as detailed observations and explorations to accurately describe the facts of the object. In addition, 'Beauty showing affection through realistic scenery' was expressed by newly changing and reinterpreting the tendency of home appliances painting to express the spirit as a form beyond the realistic landscape. Rakseo and Cheonggo father and son made a 'NogUdang' painting style, drastically changing the paintings of the late Joseon Dynasty, and had a great influence on the history of Korean painting.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.44.3-45
• /
• 2017

To date, luminous quasars at z ~ 6 have been found to be in maximal accretion with the Eddington ratios, ${\lambda}Edd$ ~ 1, suggesting enhanced nuclear activities in the early universe. However, this may not be the whole picture of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth since previous studies have not reached on faint quasars that are more likely to harbor SMBHs with low ${\lambda}Edd$. To understand the accretion activities in quasars at high redshift, we obtained the deep near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of a quasar, IMS J2204+0112, one of the few faintest quasars that have been identified at z ~ 6. From the NIR spectrum, we find that IMS J2204+0112 harbors a SMBH with about a billion solar mass, with ${\log}({\lambda}Edd)=-0.91$. This is the lowest accretion rate found so far for quasars at z ~ 6, but a common value among quasars at z ~ 2. The inclusion of this object in the ${\lambda}Edd$ analysis gives the intrinsic ${\lambda}Edd$ distribution of z ~ 6 quasars, which is lower than previous results that are based on bright quasars, but it is still higher than ${\lambda}Edd$ of z ~ 2 quasars. Although the number statistics needs to be improved in future, the low peak ${\lambda}Edd$ value is consistent with the SMBH growth from a massive black hole seed (~ 105 Msun) or from a stellar mass black hole through short-duration super-Eddington accretion events (${\lambda}Edd$ > 10).

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.229-242
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is an empirical case study that focuses on bring about changes in clients through narrative therapy using scaffolding. Through this, the purpose was to find the preferred values and hopes of the future among the stories that the client's has lived in. As the research method, we proceed through unstructured interview and loose structures in qualitative research. On this premise, the counselor did not diagnose or explain the 'decentralized but influential' attitudes and problem. And there was no order in the conversation, and I didn't decide in advance how to react to it before the client made any expressions. This study has the following significance on a practical and academic level: First of all, counseling through scaffolding further enrich the curiosity, temperament, and wishes of the client. Second, the scaffolding provides a concrete picture of the relationship between a counselor and a client in narrative therapy. Third, the scaffolding made in therapeutic dialogue presents a 'learning tasks'. Fourth, counseling through scaffolding has an active meaning that it can develop the higher mental function of clients in charge. Finally, we presented an application of narrative therapy in Vygotsky's theory through analysis of empirical cases. Based on this information, this study did not simply intend to position the client as a research object in narrative therapy. It is meaningful that they have identified the factors necessary to become the subject of narrative therapy and the role of the counselor in the process. In addition, this study has implications in that it contributed to the expansion and substantialization of the research scope of narrative therapy in that it utilized the concept of scaffolding, which has not received much attention in the domestic research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.1317-1328
• /
• 2009

As a study on how the Neurofeedback training effects on young children's brain function and intelligence, first, this paper aims to verity the effect Neurofeedback training brings to the function of young children's brain. Second, through K-WPPSI IQ test, analyses how Neurofeedback training influences on the development of young children's intelligence. The subjects of this study were the 60 five-year children attenging J kindergarten in Cheon-an, experimnet treatment was performed according to Neurofeedback training guidance from Aprile 21 to December 12, 2008. It analyzes the states of brain waves before and after the Neurofeedback training, and performed the statistical analysis through t-test, using SPSS for Window(V.13.0) package. As a result of analysis, it was shown that firstly Neurofeedback training was very effective on the d!evelopment of infan's brain intelligence, since the quotient to evaluate the entire brain function appeared to have a meaningful influence. Secondly, it was proved that Neurofeedback training had much influence on the object assembly-area, the maze-area, and picture completion-area, and that it had the same influence on the performance intelligence quotient too. So, such results as these one make us realize that Neurofeedback training is a very effective method to the development of performance intelligence quotient. Thirdly, they indicate that Neurofeedback training hasn't a meaningful influence on verbal intelligence quotient, since it affects only on the similarities area among verbal intelligence quotient, the total evaluative quotient.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.56-68
• /
• 2022

In this paper, we propose a compression method for multi-resolution feature maps for VCM. The proposed compression method removes the redundancy between the channels and resolution levels of the multi-resolution feature map through PCA-based transformation. According to each characteristic, the basis vectors and mean vector used for transformation, and the transformation coefficient obtained through the transformation are compressed using a VVC-based coder and DeepCABAC. In order to evaluate performance of the proposed method, the object detection performance was measured for the OpenImageV6 and COCO 2017 validation set, and the BD-rate of MPEG-VCM anchor and feature map compression anchor proposed in this paper was compared using bpp and mAP. As a result of the experiment, the proposed method shows a 25.71% BD-rate performance improvement compared to feature map compression anchor in OpenImageV6. Furthermore, for large objects of the COCO 2017 validation set, the BD-rate performance is improved by up to 43.72% compared to the MPEG-VCM anchor.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 2001

This paper proposes an efficient walktlu-ough animation from two images of the same scene. To make animation easily and fast, Tour Into the Picture(TIP) enables walkthrough animation from single image but lacks the reality of its foreground object when the viewpoint moves from side to side, and view morphing uses only 2D transition between two images but restricts its camera path on the line between two views. By combining advantages of these two image-based techniques, this paper suggests a new virtual navigation technique which enable natural scene transformation when the viewpoint changes in the side-to-side direction as well as in the depth direction. In our method, view morphing is employed only in foreground objects , and background scene which is perceived carelessly is mapped into cube-like 3D model as in TIP, so as to save laborious 3D reconstruction costs and improve visual realism simultaneously. To do this, we newly define a camera transformation between two images from the relationship of the spidery mesh transformation and its corresponding 3D view change. The result animation shows that our method creates a realistic 3D virtual navigation using a simple interface.