• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

목 적: 식생활의 서구화와 운동량의 감소로 우리 나라에서 소아 비만은 증가하고 있는 추세이며 비만아에서는 고혈압, 이상 지질 혈증, 비알코올성 지방간 및 당뇨 등의 합병증이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 비만의 유병률 및 비만아에서 동반되는 대사 이상의 유병률을 알아보고 비만의 정도에 따른 대사 이상의 유병률 변화에 대하여 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2006년 5월부터 2008년 10월까지 노원 을지병원에서 학생 건강 검진을 받은 8,880명의 초 중 고등학생의 기록을 분석하였다. 비만의 유병률은 체질량 지수와 비만도로 측정하였으며 비만 및 과체중인 소아 청소년 각각 588명과 488명을 대상으로 AST 수치, ALT 수치, 공복 혈당, 총콜레스테롤을 검사하였다. 각 검사 항목별의 유병률과 비만의 정도에 따른 유병률 변화에 대하여 t-test, ANOVA test, chi-square test를 이용하여 분석하였으며 p-value 0.05 미만을 유의한 것으로 판정하였다. 결 과: 체질량 지수에 의해서 비만의 유병률은 7.2% 이었으며 남아 7.8%, 여아 6.5%가 비만이었고 과체중의 유병률은 25.0%로 남녀 각각 28.8%, 21.0%였다. 비만도에 의해서는 12.3%의 소아 청소년이 비만이었으며 경도 비만 6.3%, 중등도 비만 5.0%, 고도 비만 1.0% 이었고 남아와 여아 각각 15.0%, 9.4%가 비만하였다. 고콜레스테롤혈증, AST 수치 상승, ALT 수치 상승, 고혈압의 유병률은 비만의 정도가 증가함에 따라 높아졌으나(p<0.05) 공복 혈당 상승은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. ALT 수치 상승의 유병률은 17.7%로 ALT 정상군보다 ALT 상승군에서 고콜레스테롤혈증(24.7%, 19.1%), 고혈압(11.0%, 9.9%), 공복 혈당 상승(2.0%, 5.2%)의 유병률이 높았다(p<0.05). 결 론: 소아 비만의 상당수에서 대사 이상이 동반되며 이로 인하여 성인에서처럼 제2형 당뇨, 심혈관계 질환이 발생할 위험이 증가하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 비만아에서 비만의 정도가 증가할수록 고콜레스테롤혈증, 간 효소치 상승, 고혈압의 유병률이 증가하였으며 소아 비만이 성인 비만으로 이행할 확률이 높음을 생각하면 소아 청소년 시기에 비만을 조기 발견하여 치료, 관리하는데 역점을 두어야 하겠다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the children obesity prevention program and to analyze how this program has an effect on students' degree of knowledge, attitude for obesity prevention. Methods: The study design was Compromise Experience Group Pre-Post Design. 238 students in the 4th and 5th grade of 4 elementary schools in Seoul were nonrandomly assigned to the study group(n=115) or the control group(n=113). The Program was applied for 3 times and surveys were conducted 2 times as pre-test and post-test. Results: 1. The obesity prevention CD-ROM was developed by analyzing of learners and educational facilities, selecting the study object and contents and producing educational methods and materials. The study contents were included definition, types, factors and side-effects of obesity, and It was contained dietary habit, exercise and life style for obesity prevention and healthy life. 2. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different between study group and control group. Among the subjects investigated, 27.8% of the study group and 38.1% of the control group stated that they had experienced in the obesity prevention program in past. 3. The obesity knowledge and attitude score after this obesity prevention program were improved significantly than before the program(P<0.001). Conclusion: The CD-ROM developed in this study for the children obesity prevention program was proven to be effective in improving obesity knowledge, attitude for the obesity prevention.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

Objective : There have been many programs to treat childhood obesity, since childhood obesity has shown up as a social problem. The purpose of this study was to find out considerable matters to manage Childhood Obesity Treatment Program (COTP). Methods : This study was made with reference to clinical progress notes of children with obesity, visiting the oriental medicine center, to take COTP from July 30th, 2003 to August 25th, 2004. COTP was consist of abdominal aroma massage, abdominal low frequency acupuncture therapy, auricular acupuncture therapy and behavior modification. Results : 1. Seven children who taken COTP started fat from young age and three started from about ten-year-old ages. 2. Six children have fat fathers, a child has fat parents and three children have no fat family member. 3. The obesity levels of Obesity Index(OI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Rohler Index(RI) were different, used for evaluating the result of treatment, though they are used for a child. The result of OI reflected more sensitive from changes of weight than those of BMI and RI. 4. We got the better results with numbers of treatment and exercise. Conclusions : More correct standard are needed to estimate degree childhood obesity. And it is necessary to carry out obesity treatment program with behavior modification, for children with obesity. to be healthy adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.674-683
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obesity and weight control prevalence according to the gender and weight control attempt among middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The mean age of subjects were 14.4 years old. The mean height, weight and BMI value of boy students were 164.0 cm, 53.0 kg, and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively, and the mean height, weight and BMI value of girl students were 159.4 cm, 49.8kg, and $19.6kg/m^2$, respectively. Both weight and BMI value of the weight loss attempt groups were significantly heavier and higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.01). In the perception on the body image, the girls perceived themselves to be more fat compared to boys, and the weight loss attempt group perceived their body image to be more fat compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). As for the interest degree of weight control, the interest degree of girls was higher than that of boys (p < 0.01). According to weight control attempt, in the order of the weight loss attempt group, the weight gain attempt group and the no weight control attempt group, the interest degree was significantly higher (p < 0.001). In the frequency and hours of exercise, there was significant difference by gender (p < 0.001). According to weight control attempt, the weight gain attempt group exercised more frequently than the other attempt groups (p < 0.01).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

Obesity was characterized in Korean elementary students using different obesity assessment tests on 103 overweight elementary students from three schools of Jeonbuk Province. The body mass index (BMI) and obesity index (OI) were compared, and the data using DEXA and CT were compared with the data using BIA and a tape measure. The results of this study are as follows: first, 27 students who were classified as obese by OI were classified as overweight by BMI, and 3 students who were classified as standard weight by BMI were classified as overweight by OI. Secondly, by DEXA and BIA measurements, there was 1.51% difference in body fat percentage (boys 1.66%, girls 1.17%) and the difference in body fat mass between boys and girls was 0.77 kg (boys 0.85 kg, girls 0.59 kg), but those differences in body fat percentage and mass were not statistically significant. Thirdly, the average total abdominal fat (TAF) measured by CT scans of obese children was more significantly related with subcutaneous fat (r = 0.983, P < 0.01) than visceral fat (r = 0.640, P < 0.01). Also, TAF were highest significant with waist circumference by a tape measure (r = 0.744, P < 0.01). In summary, as there are some differences of assessment results between two obesity test methods (BMI, OI), we need more definite standards to determine the degree of obesity. The BIA seems to be the most simple and effective way to measure body fat mass, whereas waist/hip ratio (WHR) using a tape measurer is considered to be the most effective method for assessing abdominal fat in elementary students.

• 지질동맥경화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of sodium intake on the correlations between the saltsensitive gene ${\alpha}$-adducin 1 (ADD1) and inflammatory cytokines in Korean childhood obesity. Methods: A total of 2,070 students aged 8-9 years old participated in this study. The anthropometrics, serum biochemistry profile, inflammatory cytokines, and three-day dietary assessment were analyzed according to sex, obesity degree, and ADD1 polymorphism. Results: The obesity prevalence was higher in boys (15.6%) than in girls (11.9%). Boys also showed higher values in anthropometrics; lipid, glucose, and insulin profiles; total calorie intakes, as well as those of sodium and calcium compared with those of the girls. The more obese were boys and girls, the higher were the anthropometrics and the blood levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and insulin), but the lower was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The obese boys had significantly higher sodium and Na/K intakes, while the obese girls had higher visfatin level and Na/K intake. In addition, an increase in the risk factors for blood pressure and obesity in ADD1 variants was identified. Serum tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) significantly increased with increasing sodium intake in the ADD1 W allele carriers, regardless of sex. The presence of obesity with the ADD1 W allele induced inflammatory accelerators such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ or C-reactive protein(CRP) with higher sodium intake. Conclusion: Obese children with an ADD1w allele can experience a more complex form of obesity than non-obese when exposed to an obesity-inducing environment and need to be controlled sodium intake in the diet.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the Obesity and the prevalence of LBP. Methods: From February 2001 to April 2001 we studied body composition, Body Mass Index, Basal Metabolic Rate, Obesity Degree, Waist Hip Ratio, percent body fat and muscular form of 40 patients with LBP and 40 patients with Internal disease, who visited Dong-Guk University Bundang Hospital by using Inbody 3.0. Results: 1. Sexual ratio in this study is 1:4(male:female). 2. Fluid, protein, mineral mass and BMR in patients with LBP are lower than those in patients with Internal disease, but percent body, WHR and obesity degree with LBP are higher than those in patients with Internal disease. 3. LBP prevalence is shown to rise with increasing WHR. 4. LBP prevalence is shown to rise with decreasing BMR. Conclusions: Patients with LBP are obeser than patients with Internal disease. LBP prevalence is shown to rise with increasing WHR in statistics. But LBP prevalence is shown to rise with decreasing BMR in statistics.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate total sugars intake and determine its relationship with nutrient density and obesity degree in elementary school children. A total of 1,292 elementary school students (638 boys, 654 girls) in Chungnam participated in this study. Daily total sugars intake of subjects was analyzed using the USDA database of sugars after a questionnaire survey using 24-hour recalls. The average age of subjects was 9.7 years, daily energy intake was 1,834.0 kcal, and total sugars intake was 37.6 g/day, which was 8.3% of total energy intake. Sugars intake from the milk group was highest at 18.4 g/day, followed by fruits, cereals, sugars and sweeteners, and beverages. Nutrient density of protein as well as Na, Fe, and Zn levels were significantly lower according to total sugars intake level. There was no significant difference between overweight and obesity risk among the sugars intake quartile groups. In conclusion, total sugars intake of subjects was not significantly high and not associated with obesity risk; however, high sugars intake in children was associated with decreased consumption of protein, Fe, and Zn, which are important for growth.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to provide fundamental data by degree of obesity which was necessary to nutritional education for the formation of right eating and dietary guideline by researching food habits of children. In order to achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted on 3, 4, 5, 6th grade of students from 4 schools in S and G city in Jeolla-Namdo. The results was as follows. There were 384(44.4%) students were normal weight, 193(22.3) were overweight, and 287(33.2) were low weight by obesity indices. Comparing the student's subjective health condition among the degree of obesity, 40.4% of overweight recognized they were healthy, 30.1% recognized ordinary, and 57.1% of lean recognized they were healthy, 34.5% recognized ordinary. It was turned out that most students who were overweight and lean recognized healthy and normal. Family was reported to be the most impact factor on student's diet habits, and then Multimedia such as TV seemed to have a effect on overweight and lean students, but nutrition teachers had a direct influence on normal weight students. The most thing which eating habits for a reform was unbalanced diet. The students in this research have breakfast everyday and regularly. Regarding dietary attitudes, overweight group enjoyed eating healthy food more than normal and low body weight group did, and tried to eat what they have never eaten before. In conclusion, it's necessary for elementary school students that increase the control ability of self perceived health condition with education for good eating habit and grasp their condition themselves through the nutrition education in school.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.775-784
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was conducted to describe body shapes of school age children using the degree of obesity index (DOI) and body mass index obesity index classified by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (M-BOI) and Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (S-BOI). Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study health screening data for school children collected in 2007 was used. Results: Data were analyzed for 2,193 4th-6th grade boys (52%) and girls who attended 4 schools in rural areas. DOI determined that only 44.3% of students had average weight. This proportion was much lower than the results of other methods (74.3-77.6%). All three methods defined girls (51.3-61.8%) as skinnier than boys. Skinny and average body shaped children classified by DOI and obese children classified by S-BOI were heavier and taller and presented higher degrees of obesity (DO) and BMI scores than by other methods. M-BOI and S-BOI presented statistically significant positive correlations with weight, height, DO and BMI, while DOI was not correlated with height. Conclusion: BMI based body shape classifications provide a more rigorous classification of body shape which are favorable for school health professionals with limited resources and policy makers for internationally comparable references.