• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2022

This study aimed to replace the imported Chinese complete medium for Lentinula edodes with a newly-developed complete medium that is suitable for export as well. Three media compositions that supported fast mycelium growth and higher density, compared to that in the control, were chosen. Culture in the T13 medium reduced the incubation period for 'Nongjingo' by 12 days and for 'Cham-aram' by 10 days, compared to that required for the control; in addition, the number of days required for browning was greatly reduced for both varieties. The quantity of each mixed medium was increased according to the composition from the 1^st to the 5^th cycle by 5.9% for 'Nongjingo' and 12.6% for 'Cham-aram' in T13, compared to that in the control. A mixed medium comprising oak sawdust + Douglas fir sawdust + corn flour (40:40:20, v/v) was selected as the most suitable complete medium.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

Recently sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes ) is getting increased because log cultivation is getting difficult to get oak logs. It is important to make mycelia browning on the substrate surface in sawdust cultivation. This browned surface plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. The period for mycelia browning is so long that the sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom can not spread well into the mushroom farms. In this article we would like to discuss about the effect of environmental condition to the mycelial browning during sawdust bag cultivation for the To reduce the period required for browning of substrates, sawdust substrates was illuminated light with difference intensity. One hundred Lux light illumination was needed for producing normal yield of fruit body but fruit body yield was low and abnormally shaped fruit body was produced when cultured under the dark condition of incubation. Illumination over 200lux is necessary for the successful browning of substrates during incubation. Optimum incubation temperature for browning of substrates and fruiting was $25^{\circ}C$. The treatment of cotton plug with different size to identify the effect of aeration on the browning of substrates and fruiting showed rapid mycelial growth and reduced the periods for browning as the size of cotton plug was bigger. However, yield of fruit body was the highest at 16mm diameter cotton plug as compared to 20mm of that. $CO_2$ content in vessel of substrates was low as the size of cotton plug was bigger during incubation. $CO_2$ content during incubation of substrate was highest in periods between 8 week and 14 week after inoculation of shiitake when substrate was changed color into brown. $C_2H_4$ content in vessel with substrates was highest at 8mm diameter cotton plug and it was increased by order of 12, 16, 20, 0, 4 mm diameter cotton plug during substrate incubation. Sawdust substrate was soaked in cold water for different time to identify soaking effect of sawdust substrate on fruit body yield and activities of enzymes in these substrates were investigated. The fruit body yield was increased up to 40% by soaking substrates in comparison with unsoaked substrates. The soaked substrates showed 165, 175g/1,000ml at treatment of 4 and 15 hours, respectively. Cellulose activities in soaked substrates were not changed with soaking time, but activities of laccase, lignin degradation enzyme, were drastically increased up to 4 times in comparison with unsoaked substrates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.272-280
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic table for management and administration that oak mushroom cultivators of forestry households can utilize. By diagnosing their current level of management with the table, the cultivators themselves will be able to grasp and address their operational challenges better. The table is composed of; questions on the status of forestry households; columns for a series of management performance indices, and; questionnaire with 4 categories and 20 subcategories to check the current level of management and administration by the households. In order to prepare the standard diagnostic table for oak mushroom management, 196 forestry households throughout 10 areas - Cheong-yang, Gong-ju, Bu-yeo and Seocheon in Chungcheongnam-do, Mun-kyung and Ye-cheon in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jin-an in Jeollabuk-do, Jangheung and Jang-seong in Jeollanam-do, and Jeju Islands - were interviewed with and a total of 190 questionnaires were acquired and made use of in the result analysis. Then, the score on management level of each forestry household was determined in the way of aggregating scores from each subcategory. The overall average score of every household was calculated at 62.2 point with more than half of the respondents, 54.7%, belonging to the range of 60 to 80. When considered by regional groups, the average score of Jin-an was the lowest with 57.6 point while that of Jang-seong was the highest with 69.6 point. In case of the 'cultivation management' category, there were a lot of cultivators who expressed a negative awareness of the term 'pest control' because they had a tendency to think the term in connection with 'herbicides or pesticides'. So it is inevitable to adapt and modify existing groups and grades to make sure that the cultivators can make a right choice without confusing the concept 'pest control' with 'herbicides or pesticides'. Meanwhile, the average scores of 'management and administration' categories were mostly low. It was remarkable in these categories that forestry households in Jeolla province, which had remained in lower ranks in the other three categories, recorded higher scores than those in Chungcheong province, boasting a relatively high level of management and administration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

Sterilization of oak sawdust at $65^{\circ}C$ for Lentinula edodes bed cultivation can be efficient in sterilization facility cost, but its effect on the mushroom production is uncertain due to high contamination probability. The effective conditions for L. edodes hyphal growth in the low temperature sterilized oak sawdust were investigated with combinations of three sterilization temperatures ($65^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$ and $121^{\circ}C$) and four cultivation temperatures ($15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$). L. edodes inoculation density effect was also tested with 1 cm, 2 cm, and 4 cm distance in the sawdust (4%, 11% and 25% inoculation rate by surface area). L. edodes hyphal growth in the sawdust sterilized at $65^{\circ}C$ was as much as at those $100^{\circ}C$ and $121^{\circ}C$ when the fungus cultured below $25^{\circ}C$, but it was greatly reduced when cultured at $30^{\circ}C$. And the sawdust medium with 1cm distance inoculation density was fully occupied with L. edodes hyphae, but those with 2~4cm distance inoculation were contaminated by 4~33%. Therefore, we conclude that low temperature sterilized oak sawdust needs to be cultured under $25^{\circ}C$ after sufficient inoculation by 25% for successful bed cultivation of L. edodes.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2007

This study for establishment of cultivation technique was carried out in home, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum. The mushroom kit allows you to grow some of the mushrooms used by the finest chefs in the world easily and quickly almost anywhere in your own home or office. Mushroom kits may be placed on a coffee table, counter, or desk. They will produce mushrooms virtually anywhere room temperature is maintained. Now we have the opportunity not only to enjoy watching these exotic mushrooms grow but also to enjoy eating the freshest organic mushrooms possible. To study for the possibility of indoor cultivation of P. ostreatus, and G. lucidum, we invested cultivation status with two kinds of sawdust, cotton waste and rice straw in washroom, kitchen, living room, and bedroom. It took 2~4 days to make primordia formation in a block of P. ostreatus, and G. lucidum was 11 days. Weight of P. ostreatus on cotton waste, rice straw, and willow sawdust were 2,060g, 90g, and 770g, respectively. and weight of G. lucidum on oak sawdust was 172g. Th best result was achieved in washroom, among used washroom, kitchen, living room, and bedroom.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2015

'Nongjin-go' is a new breed strain of Lentinula edodes, saw-dust bag variety. It is a cross combination of dikaryon Lentinula edodes ASI 3305mut and monokaryon L5-16 of L. edodes ASI 3305(Sanjo701ho). We crossbred them by 2011 and verified productive capacity from 2012 to 2013 in Rural Development Administration. Optimum temperature of mycelial growth is $30^{\circ}C$ and it of fruit-body primodium formation is range from 15 to $23^{\circ}C$. Nongjigo is agricultured at mid-high temperature well. Fruiting body is platy-hemisphere, light brown and centralizing. And bast is formed around edge of pileus. Yield productions per period is regular than 'Sanjo701'. Plastic bag culture medium is 1.5 kilogram and culture periods are 90~100 days. As its browning of pileus in culture is a little slow, Light and ventilation is needed a lot in light-culturing. Humidity is controlled properly for its color in fruit-body growing. Tested culture medium is consisted of 80% Oak-Tree saw-dust and 20% rice-bran.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2013

Fungus gnats are usually found in mushroom farm and have recently become important pest because they can cause severe damage and reduce the production on shiitake mushroom. Usually shiitake mushrooms are cultivated on both oak bed logs and in the artificial sawdust beds in greenhouses. Using yellow sticky trap, the dipteran species in shiitake mushroom farm were collected from May to September in Kyonggi-do and Chungcheong-do in 2013. To identify the main species of fungus gnat on the shiitake farm in Korea, the collected samples were determined the sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) by DNA barcoding. The phylogeny based on maximum likelihood analyses from COI sequence showed that Bradysia difformis and B. alpicola were main species of shiitake bed log and Scatopsidae sp. and B. difformis were dominant species of sawdust beds.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.150-154
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• 2016

To determine a favorable substrate formulation for Grifola frondosa, physicochemical conditions, culture properties, and yields according to various substrate formulations were investigated. Based on these analyses, T4 (80:5:15 ratio of oak sawdust to dried bean-curd refuse to corn husk) resulted in a shorter cultivation period and higher yields (weight of fresh mushrooms harvested at maturity) than those of other treatments. The physicochemical properties of T4 were pH 5.4, 2.4% crude fat contents, 54 C/N ratio, 74.3% porosity, and 0.26 g/cm3 bulk density. These results emphasize the importance of optimal substrate development on the production efficiency of G. frondosa mushrooms and have implications for commercial applications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

In Korea, shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, is cultivated on artificial medium containing oak sawdust and wheat bran. The annual production of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of shiitake, a byproduct of the mushroom industry, is estimated to reach over 50,000 tons per year. This study aimed to improve the use of SMS as a novel bioresource. Hot water extracts of SMS after the first and third harvest were prepared and their bioactivities evaluated. Hot water extracts of uninoculated medium and shiitake were used as controls. Extracts of SMS showed higher radical scavenging of DPPH anions, ABTS cations, nitrites, and a higher reducing power than those of shiitake or medium extracts. After the first and third harvests at 0.5 mg/disc, SMS extracts showed no antibacterial or antifungal activities against the pathogenic and food-spoilage bacteria and fungi. However, they showed good inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase at 0.5 mg/ml. In addition, SMS extracts had strong anti-coagulation activities via their inhibition of thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors without platelet aggregation activity. Our results suggested SMS should no longer be perceived as a useless byproduct but should be understood as a novel bioresource, the extracts of which could be developed as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antithrombosis agents.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

Pleurotus ferulae is an edible mushroom found on a medicinal plant, Ferula assa-foetida, in centeral China. This study was carried out to investigate the cultural characteristics of P. ferulae strains. Characteristics of mycelial growth were investigated for 5 strains of P. ferulae. All the 5 strains showed the best mycelial growth at $25^{\circ}C$ and their growth rate was very low at $35^{\circ}C$. The colony diameter reached to 45~72 mm after 7 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Malt extract agar medium was the best for mycelial growth of the species both in hyphal length and density. Mycelial growth was not affected by various pH from 6.0 to 8.0. An optimal carbon source was arabinose and an optimal nitrogen one was arginine. And an effective substrate for the mycelial growth was 8 to 2 mixture of oak sawdust and cottonseed meal.