• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics and antioxidant ability of mushroom cultivar Lentinula edodes 'Nongjingo' fruiting bodies after exposure to various light conditions. Color differences between mushrooms treated with mixtures of LED light revealed that mushrooms displayed lighter color shades when compared to the control group (fluorescent light treated mushrooms). Redness increased and yellowness decreased after exposure to all treatments other than the fluorescent control. Measurement of growth characteristics of 'Nongjingo' fruiting bodies showed increases after exposure to all mixed LED treatments. In addition, the uniformity of fruiting bodies was higher when using LED light compared to fluorescent light. The measurement of stem diameters did not show a significant difference between the treatments, however, diameters were slightly larger with exposure to white-green LED. Moreover, stem length was longer in the mixed LED treatments when compared to those exposed to fluorescent light. Examination of the ratio of stem diameter to stem length revealed that the diameter of the stem was greater than the length. The antioxidant activity of water extracts made from Nongjingo fruiting bodies grown under mixed LED conditions was compared to those from mushrooms grown under fluorescence light conditions. The highest antioxidant activity was observed from mushrooms treated with white LED; however, no significant difference was found between mushrooms exposed to white-green LED compared to white-blue LED. The treatment showed higher antioxidant ability than vitamin C. Our results confirm that treatment of white LED and white-blue LED affects the growth and antioxidant ability of Nongjingo mushroom fruiting bodies.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

This study was carried to analyze the demonstrational cultivation process of selenium supplemented P. linteus and G. lucidum from 2005 to 2006 and ifs effect at Hochimin Agricultural Technology College(HATC) in Vietnam, according to the mutual contract between the Yunjung-nongwon, a fanning company in Korea and HATC. As a result of the demonstrational cultivation of selenium supplemented P. linteus and G. lucidum, the external aspect, such as size, thickness and color of the P. linteus and G. lucidum were very much high qualified comparing to the same strain P. linteus and G. lucidum generally cultivated in Korea. The major contribution factors to this high qualified mushroom product could be drawn as followings; keeping growing condition of the mushroom with precise data collection of Vietnam climate and weather, involvement of the various professors of Korea National Agricultural College(KNAC), maintenance of bio-technical security through the strain cultivation on the oak log in Korea, the Yunjung-nongwon manager's endeavor being consulted by the various professors of KNAC even to be a student of the agricultural chief executive officer(CEO) training course in KNAC and the HATC's constant cooperation to the mushroom demonstrational cultivation instead of the orchid which was originally contracted item.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

To optimize initial cooling conditions, forced-air cooling was applied to freshly harvested oak mushrooms at 2 levels (0℃ for 30 minutes, at 0℃ for 1 hour) followed by room cooling at 3 levels (-3℃ for 1 day, 0℃ for 1 day, 3℃ for 1 day). After initial cooling, the oak mushrooms were packaged with PVC film, then held in a storage room at 1℃ for 6 weeks. Quality characteristics and percentage marketability were then investigated. As a control, Mushrooms were placed in storage with no initial cooling. The quality factors impacting marketability of fresh oak mushrooms were color change and appearance of decay. Off-odor did not occur or developed only slightly, so it did not affect oak mushroom quality within 6 weeks of low temperature storage. In all treatment groups, the shelf life in which 100% marketability was maintained was up to 3 weeks. At week 5, percent marketability of the 3 treatment groups 1 hour room cooling treatment at 0℃, 1 hour forced air cooling, and control was 100%. 80% In the group that underwent 30 min forced air cooling retained 80% marketability, and the group exposed to 1 day in room cooling at -3℃ retained 86.7% marketability. At week 6 of 1℃ storage, the marketability ratio was 80% in the 1 day room cooling at 0℃ group, 66.7% in the 1 day room cooling at 3℃ group, 46.7% in the 1 hour forced air cooling group, and 33% or less in all other treatment groups. Therefore, the most suitable initial cooling parameter to extend shelf-life of oak mushrooms is 1 day of in room cooling at 0℃ immediately after harvest.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 1996

Visual features are crucial for monitoring the growth state, indexing the drying performance, and grading the quality of oak mushrooms. A computer vision system with neural net information processing technique was utilized to quantize quality factors of a dried oak mushrooms distributed over the cap and gill sides. In this paper, visual feature extraction algorithm were integrated with the neural net processing to deal with various fuzzy patterns of mushroom shapes and to compensate the fault sensitiveness of the crisp criteria and heuristic rules derived from the image processing results. The proposed algorithm improved the segmentation of the skin features of each side, the identification of cap and gill surfaces, the identification of stipe states and removal of the stipe, etc. And the visual characteristics of dried oak mushrooms were analyzed and primary visual features essential to tile quality evaluation were extracted and quantized. In this study, black and white gray images were captured and used for the algorithm development.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 1998

this study was focused on the effects of fire on spatial change of vegetation landscape in rural region. Fire types recognized as erown fire, severe surface fire and light surface fire in order of increasing intensity were described in a fire map. GIS was introduced to understand the relationship between fire types and topographic conditions or vegetation types. We also investigated land-use type and regeneration strategies after burning. Fire intensity depended on topographic conditions and vegetation types. Special land-use type in this area was collection of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake). Mushrooms had been obtained from Pinus densiflora forests existing as edaphic climax or managed artificially. Regeneration strategy in burned areas was to make sprouts from burned oak stumps. A higher density and growth rate of sprouts, as compared to those on unburned areas, facilitated vegetation succession from P. densiflora forest to oak forest and consequently led to change of landscape pattern.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.100-110
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• 2000

Studies were conducted to know effects of the bulking agents (saw dusts, mushroom waste, wheat bran coconut meal, rice hulls) adding o moisture control, fermentation methods (aerobic and anaerobic) and periods (1 to 20 days) of food waste fermentation for animal feeds on chemical compositions and in vitro DDM (digestibility of dry matter). Experiment designs were focussed basically to obtain extension service data. The NDF (neutral detergent fiber) composition in the oak and pine saw dust were 93.5% and 95.4% (DM basis) in respectively. Thus, the fermented food waste feeds using saw dust (50%) increased NDF(12%), and decreased in vitro DDM(48%) compared to those of raw materials before aerobic fermentation. The oak saw dust showed higher DDM compared to pine. Mushroom wastes which is a residues of mushroom culture mixed originally willow saw dust (80%) and wheat bran (20%) showed quite higher feed value compared to both saw dusts. It was found that an in vitro DDM and NDF composition in fermented feeds appeared highly dependent or the NDF composition in bulking agents. With an increase wheat bran ratio substitute mushroom waste showed linearly decreased NDF, and increased in vitro DDM in the fermented food waste feeds. The fermented feeds added bottling agents composed higher NDF resulted in higher NDF and lower in vitro DDM with prolonged fermentation time. The feeds from anaerobic fermentation appeared lower NDF and higher in vitro DDM compared to those of aerobic fermentation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2014

Changes in physical and chemical properties of oak sawdust were investigated by depth and time for 46 days during the fermentation process of 33 tons of the sawdust for oak mushroom cultivation. The degrees of change in the properties of the sawdust differed depending on the depth and fermentation period. Most of the physical-chemical properties except temperature and pH gradually changed during the fermentation. The temperature change was highly sensitive to the environment at the surface sawdust to 20 cm depth, while it gradually increased to the maximum $58.9^{\circ}C$ at 40~100 cm depths in 12 days and slowly to the maximum at 150 cm depth in 24 days. The moisture content of the sawdust decreased gradually from 31% to 26.5~28.0% in 24 days. Of the chemical properties during the fermentation, pH generally rose from 5.2 to 5.6, but it decreased to 4.4~4.7 at 150 cm depth in 16 days. While the carbon content of the sawdust was 68~70% without significant change, nitrogen content increased from 0.22% to 0.25% and thus C/N ratio gradually lowered from 320 to 280. P content in the sawdust gradually increased from 0.005% to 0.022% for 46 days. Osmotic concentration of the hot water extract of the sawdust varied 41.5~44.2 mmol/kg without significant change by the depth and time. The starch particles within initial ray parenchyma cells of sawdust decreased and fungal hyphae formed on the surface of the sawdust granules and within xylem vessel cells in 35 days. The effect of the sawdust fermentation on oak mushroom cultivation needs continued research.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

In order to breed new strains of oak mushroom, Lentinula edodes, on the sawdust cultivation, we collected 10 from Korea, Taiwan and China respectively and examined somatic incompatibility, morphological features of fruiting body and productivity. Four strains(SANJO701HO, FMRI2534, FMRI2337 and FMRI2613) shown remarkable results, were confirmed with parental strains. 80 monokaryotic strains derived from the selected 4 parental strains, were selected and 117 hybrid strains were made by mono-mono mating. Aslo, Physiological characteristics were investigated. Average of the mycelial growth of hybrid strains of mating combination SANJO701HO-FMRI2337 was approximately 10% lower than other mating combinations. Overall, This study was founded to develop new varieties of L. edodes. The productivity of new 117 strains on sawdust cultivation needs continued research.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1811-1817
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• 2007

Extracellular enzymes from Lentinus edodes M290 on normal woods (Quercus mongolica) and waste logs from oak mushroom production were comparatively investigated. Endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and xylanase activities were higher on waste mushroom logs than on normal woods after 1. edodes M290 inoculation. Xylanase activity was especially different, with a three times higher activity on waste mushroom logs. When the waste mushroom logs were used as a carbon source, a new 35 kDa protein appeared. After the purification, the optimal pH and temperature for xylanase activity were determined to be 4.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. More than 50% of the optimal xylanase activity was retained when the temperature was increased from 20 to $60^{\circ}C$, after a 240 min reaction. At $40^{\circ}C$, the xylanase maintained 93% of the optimal activity, after a 240 min reaction. The purified xylanase showed a very high homology to the xylanase family 10 from Aspergillus terreus by LC/MS-MS analysis. The highest Xcorr (1.737) was obtained from the peptide KWI SQGIPIDGIG SQTHLGSGGS WTVK originated from Aspergillus terreus, indicating that the 35 kDa protein was xylanase. This protein showed low homology to a previously reported L. edodes xylanase sequence.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 2015

We cultivated 117 hybrid strains of Lentinula edodes in greenhouse. 5 hybrid strains(07-55, 07-66, 07-84, 07-93 and 07-117) were selected from comparison of their characteristics of fruiting body and productivity. Biological efficiency of 5 hybrid strains was investigated 36.1(07-66), 35.6(07-117), 27.1(07-93), 25.7(07-84) and 6.5%(07-55), respectively. Selected strains 07-66, 07-117 and 07-93 showed high biological efficiency but observed commercially low quality fruiting body. Temperature type of fruiting body of 5 hybrid strains observed as follows high temperature type(07-117), mid temperature type(07-66 and 07-84) and low temperature type(07-55 and 07-93). Temperature type of fruiting body of 07-93 strain has wide range relatively. In the results, 07-84 strain was selected finally with consideration for quality of fruiting body, productivity and temperature type($8-21^{\circ}C$) in farm test.