• 임산에너지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

위스키 숙성용 목통으로서 한국산 참나무속 목재의 이용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 도관직경, 방사조직 밀도, 방사조직 높이, 타일로시스의 존재 유ㆍ무 등 해부학적 특성과 알콜 침지 중의 밀도, 색농도 변화 및 흡수량을 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 참나무속 목재는 모두 환공재였고, 단열방사조직과 광방사조직으로 구성된 복합방사조직을 가지고 있었으며, 방사유세포는 대부분이 평복세포였다. 타일로시스는 루부라참나무를 제외한 공시재 모두에서 존재하였다. 목재 밀도는 알콜 침적 후 많이 감소하였다. 알콜 색 농도는 떡갈나무와갈참나무가 다른 수종보다 더 짙은 황갈색을 나타냈다. 홉수량은 변재가 심재보다 높았고, 특히 red oak가 white oak보다 더 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 국산 참나무속 수종은 위스키숙성용 목통으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1984

The removal and readsorption effects of pine and oak bark grown in Korea on water pollution caused by heavy metal ions have been investigated. Bark saturated with heavy metal ions is refleshed with 0.1 N ammonium acetate and then its readsorption has been done. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Adsorption effect of pine bark is similiar to that of oak bark, and 20-40 meshed bark gives the best results. 2. 0.1 N amonium acetate of pH 7 shows more elutriative than the others such as pH 3 hydrochloric acid, pH 10 ammonium hydroxide and pH 7 water. 3 Pine bark refleshed with 0.1 N ammonium acetate gets two times as effective in adsorption as raw bark, and shows more effective than oak bark.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Dissolving part of xylan and lignin in lignocellulosic biomass by base can be used as pretreatment technique. Cork oak was pretreated with sodium hydroxide solution and the pretreatment effects were evaluated with two critical factors - NaOH concentration and pretreatment temperature. Some of xylan and lignin were removed by base pretreatment. At $90^{\circ}C$ and 13% NaOH pretreatment, 22.0% of lignin and 78.8% of xylan removed by base treatment. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cork oak which was pretreated at higher temperature or concentration was further improved. After pretreatment of cork oak with 13% NaOH at $90^{\circ}C$, the conversion rate of cellulose to fermentable sugars were reached up to 91.3%. At ethanol fermentation with enzymatic hydrolysate from different pretreatment conditions, all enzymatic saccharification liquids were well fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.288-291
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• 2012

한국에서 발병하는 참나무시들음병은 암브로시아 곤충인 Platypus koryoensis.에 의해 전반되는 Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae 균류에 의해 발생한다. 이 병의 전파를 방지하기 위해 참나무시들음병 감염목을 벌채 후 비닐막을 씌워 훈증하고 벌채장소에 3년 이상 방치시키고 있다. 본 연구는 이런 훈증처리된 감염목에 존재하는 균류에 대한 정보를 얻고자 수행하였다. 천안 태조산 지역 두 곳에서 훈증처리된 감염목을 채집하고 진균을 분리하여 99개 균주를 얻었다. 분리 균주를 형태적 특성과 translation elongation factor 1-alpha 유전자와 ITS rDNA region 염기서열에 의거한 분자적 방법으로 동정한 결과 Hypocrea, Trichoderma, Penicillium 속에 속하는 종들이 확인되었다. 이중 Trichoderma 속에 속하는 종이 주요 균류이었다. 조사결과 병원균인 R. quercus-mongolicae와 매개충인 P. koryoensis는 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 훈증 처리한 참나무시들음병 감염목이 3년 이상 되면 더 이상의 피해를 유발할 위험요소가 없다는 과학적 증거를 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 국산 잣나무, 일본잎갈나무, 신갈나무 및 산벚나무 Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 처리재의 초기 흡, 탈착과정에서 중량, 함수율 및 치수변화의 특성을 검토하였다. 각 수종의 무처리재와 PEG 1000, 2000, 4000 처리재는 상대습도 20%, 65% 및 98% 조건에서 1주일 동안 조습시켰다. 그 결과, 초기 흡, 탈착과정에서 PEG 1000과 2000으로 처리한 잣나무, 일본잎갈나무 및 산벚나무재의 중량은 크게 증감하였지만, 신갈나무재는 거의 변화가 없었다. PEG처리에 의한 함수율은 신갈나무재를 제외한 3 수종에서 상대습도의 변화에 의해 다소 높게 나타났으나, 모든 수종에서 PEG처리에 의해 치수변화를 예방할 수 있었다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.79-79
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1986

Both the control and heated specimen of oak, hornbean, alder, poplar, red pine and pitch pine among domestic commercial species and taun imported were used for radial and tangential shrinkage and movement that occurred on changing the relative humidity of the atmosphere from 90 percent to 60 percent at $25^{\circ}C$. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The radial and tangential shrinkage of the control and heated hornbean and oak wood, except alder, of high specific gravity showed greater than species with low specific gravity. The ratio of tangential to radial shrinkage was 1.46 for taun to 2.70 for alder. Green volume specific gravity of the heated and soaked specimen of all species except poplar decreased 1.5 to 3.1 percent. Shrinkage of the heated specimen increased more than that of the control specimen, and antishrink efficiency of all timbers except alder had negative value. Shrinkage from green to air dry of treated specimens increased more than case of total shrinkage, and radial shrinkage of those specimen increased greater than tangential shrinkage. 3. The movement of the heating specimen for 120 hours decreased than those of the control and the heating specimen for 240 hours. The movement of heating oak, poplar, red pine and pitch pine (or 240 hours increased rather than those of the control specimen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.930-940
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional value and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability of oak and pine wood before and after steam-digestion process (60 min/160℃/6 atm) and feeding effect of the oak roughage on performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Chemical composition and tannin concentration were analyzed for oak and pine trees before and after the pretreatment. In situ DM and effective degradability of these samples were assessed using a nylon bag method. In vivo trial was performed to estimate animal performance and behavior, using steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing 0% (control), 25% (OR-25), and 50% (OR-50) of the oak roughage. Eighteen steers were allocated into nine pens (2 steers/pen, 3 pens/treatment) for 52 days according to body weight (BW) and age. Results: By the steam-digestion treatment, the neutral detergent-insoluble fiber was decreased from 86.5% to 71.5% for oak and from 92.4% to 80.5% for pine, thereby increasing non-fiber carbohydrate. In situ DM degradability of treated oak reached 38% at 72 h, whereas that of untreated oak was only 11.9%. The 0 h degradability of the treated pine increased from 5.9% to 12.1%, but the degradability was unchanged thereafter. Animal performance including BW, average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio was not different among control and oak treatments. No differences were detected in animal behavior such as lying, standing, rumination, drinking, and eating, except walking. Walking was higher in control than oak treatments with numerically higher eating and lower lying times, probably due to bulkier characteristics of rice straw in the diet. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oak roughage can be substituted for 50% of total forage or 100% of rice straw in TMR diets at early fattening stage of Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.408-417
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• 2019

Non-destructive test techniques are becoming increasingly important for assessment and maintenance. These techniques are very useful for assessment of materials such as wood, whose performance can vary considerably depending on the conditions of use. It is possible to estimate some mechanical properties of a material by determining the movement of energy through the material with the help of these techniques. In this study, it was investigated whether the wood material could be tested nondestructively by the heat energy produced by a source. The correlations between the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) woods were investigated. The thermal conductivity (TC), density, modulus of rupture (MOR), compression strength (CS), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of samples were measured according to the related standards and these values were correlated with each other. The linear and multiple regression tests were employed to determine the correlation between thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. The results showed that there is a very strong correlation between thermal conductivity and both density and MOR values. However, the correlations between TC and both MOE and CS were moderate. The results of this study suggest that the thermal conductivity value can be used to estimate the density and some mechanical properties of wood.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.601-614
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• 2013

The commercial charcoal kiln was projected the largest source of biomass burning sector in Korea. Commercial charcoal kiln was operated to emit air pollutants into the air without any air pollution prevention equipment. The object of this field survey was to understand characteristics of air pollutants concentration and emission factors and to provide preliminary data for effective processor from oak charcoal manufacturing process. As result of field survey, TSP, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration from charcoal kiln were 400~37,000 $mg/m^3$. These values were over the 100 $mg/m^3$ in TSP, this value was effluent quality standard of Clean Air Conservation Act. The average concentration of CO, $SO_2$ and TVOC were 2~5%. 0~110 ppm and 820~10,000 ppm respectively. The emission factors were 42.4 g-PM/kg-oak in TSP, 40.3 g-PM/kg-oak in $PM_{10}$, 38.2 g-PM/kg-oak in $PM_{2.5}$, 182.5 g-CO/kg-oak, 1.0 g-NO/kg-oak, $SO_2$ 0.2 g-$SO_2/kg$-oak and 104.4 g-TVOC/kg-oak. The part of commercial charcoal kiln had air pollution prevention equipment but it was difficult to work properly. Much wood tar excreted in exhaust emissions from oak charcoal manufacturing process. This wood tar was cause of many troubles sticking in the air pollutant prevention equipment. For handling particulate matters and gaseous air pollutants from oak charcoal manufacturing process in biomass burning, air pollutant prevention equipment design and management needs preprocessor for removal wood tar.