• Title/Summary/Keyword: OXC

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Evaluation of hematologic profile may be needed for patients treated with oxcarbazepine

  • Jung, Gu Hyun;You, Su Jeong
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.62 no.8
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    • pp.312-316
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The major side effects of treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC) are skin rash and hyponatremia. Hematologic side effects are reported rarely. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate and types of the hematologic side effects of OXC. Methods: The medical records of 184 patients diagnosed with epilepsy or movement disorder and on OXC monotherapy, at the Department of Pediatrics of Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital from July 2001 to July 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 184 patients, 10 (5.4%) developed leukopenia in addition to pancytopenia and 2 (1.0%) developed pancytopenia. Leukopenia developed in 11 days to 14 years after OXC administration and was more frequent in males than in females (male vs. female, 9 vs. 1; Fisher exact test, P<0.05). Of the eight patients with leukopenia alone, 7 continued OXC treatment; 6 improved without intervention; 1 was lost to follow-up; and 1 received a reduced OXC dose, who improved after intervention. Pancytopenia developed within 2 months of initiation of OXC treatment. Both patients initially continued OXC. One improved within 1 month and continued treatment with OXC, but the other showed progression of the side effect, leading to the discontinuation of OXC and subsequent improvement within 1 month. There were no significant differences in the ages of the patients, OXC dose, and duration of OXC treatment between patients with and without these side effects of OXC (P>0.05, t-test). Conclusion: OXC-induced leukopenia is not rare and may result in pancytopenia. Patients being treated with OXC should be regularly monitored for abnormal complete blood count profiles.

광회선분배 기술

  • Park, Hyeok;Lee, Chang-Hyeong;Kim, Bong-Gyu;Kim, Gwang-Jun
    • Information and Communications Magazine
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.82-95
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    • 2001
  • OXC는 정적인 점대점 광전송망에서 동적인 그물형 전광통신망으로 진화하기 위하여 망에 도입되어야 할 새로운 광네트워크 장비이다. OXC는 링크 단위의 스위칭을 하는 FXC 파장 단위의 스위칭 기능이 있으나 파장 변환 기능이 없는 WSXC, 그리고 파장 변환 기능이 있는 WIXC로 구분할 수 있으며, 이들간의 hybrid 도 가능하다. OXC 하드웨어의 중심을 이루는 것은 광스위치이다. MEMS 기술, 열광학 효과를 이용한 광도파로 기술, 전반사를 이용하는 bubble 스위치 기술 등을 사용하여 개발이 진행되고 있다. 현재까지는 이 중 3D MEMS 기술이 대용량 스위치를 구성할 가능성이 있는 기술로 받아들여지고 있다. OXC를 구성하는데 있어서 또 다른 핵심적인 기술에는 파장변환 기술이 있다. 광전 파장변환기와 전광 파장변환기 방식이 현재 연구되고 있으며 초기에는 광전변환 방식이 OXC 시스템에 적용될 가능성이 높다. 전광 파장변환기의 시스템 적용을 위해서는 좀 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. OXC를 사용하는 전광통신망에서 광스위치 기술 이상으로 많은 논란이 되는 것은 망의 운용 문제이다. 현재 가장 많이 언급되는 모델은 오버레이 모델과 피어 모델이다. 오버레이 모델은 클라이언트/서버 개념에 기반한 모델인 반면 피어 모델은 광 네트워크 장비와 기존 장비를 대등한 관계로 정의한 모델이다. 각각의 모델에 대해서는 표준화 단체에 따라 약간씩 다른 입장을 취하고 있지만 상호 간에 수용 또는 타협할 점이 많다고 볼 수 있다. OXC를 포함하는 전광 통신망을 운용할 때에는 동적 연결 설정 및 해제를 위한 새로운 신호 방식이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 ITU-T 및 OIF에서 UNI와 NNI등의 인터페이스와 여기에 사용되는 신호 방식을 논의하고 있다. 그 외에도 전광 통신망 운용에 필요한 라우팅 및 파장할당 방법과 OXC를 이용한 그물형 망에서의 보호 및 복구에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다.

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Efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine in epileptic children (소아 간질 환자에서 oxcarbazepine의 효용성과 안전성)

  • Shin, Hye Kyung;Lee, Yoon;Lee, Jee-Yeon;Choi, Wooksun;Eun, So-Hee;Eun, Baik-Lin;Hong, Young Sook;Lee, Joo Won
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.162-169
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : Oxcabarzepine (OXC), newly recommended antiepileptic drug, has been prescribed for patients with partial seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures in Korea from 1999. There are limited reports about an efficacy of OXC therapy in epileptic children in Korea. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of OXC in the light of our experience. Methods : The patients, who had visited the pediatric neurology clinic of Korea University Guro Hospital from January 2001 to December 2006, were included. The data of 144 patients who were administrated OXC as monotherapy or polytherapy, was summarized retrospectively and we evaluated the efficacy and safety of OXC. Results : After 6 months of OXC therapy, 77 patients (53.5%, n=144) achieved seizure freedom, 48 patients (33.3%) experienced >50% improvement. After 12 months of OXC therapy, cessation of seizure was observed in 88 patients (61.1%, n=133), and 27 patients (18.8%) manifested an improvement. Monotherapy group showed superior efficacy to polytherapy one. The frequent side effects of OXC were drowsiness (20.1%), headache (12.5%), dizziness (9.7%) and rash (8.3%). They did not related to patient's age or sex, and dosage of OXC. Twenty four patients (16.7%) experienced hyponatremia, but which were neither symptomatic nor significant one. Conclusion : The efficacy and safety of OXC in our patients were excellent and had less significant side effects than established international one. We expect this report contributes toward OXC therapy in epileptic children.

Design and Test of an Experimental Optical Cross-Connect

  • Lee, Sung-Un;Seo, Wan-Seok
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.336-341
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    • 1998
  • We describe the architecture of an optical cross-connect (OXC) which is modular in structure and is able to be upgraded to a virtual wavelength path by adding wavelength converters. The additional feature of the OXC is the all-optical nature. It can be implemented with commercial components including mechanical optical switches. As a result of the test on the experimental OXC, it has been shown that 2.5 Gb/s signal can be transmitted via the OXC through 100 km length o an ordinary single mode fiber with 3 dB penalty.

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OXC switch Fabric Structure and Control using MEMS (MEMS를 이용한 OXC 스위치 패브릭 구조 및 제어)

  • Lee, Sang-Hwa;Kim, Byung-Hwi;Kim, Kwang-Jun;Park, Hyuk;Lee, Wang-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2002.07a
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    • pp.258-259
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    • 2002
  • 광회선 분배 시스템(OXC)은 전광통신망(Optical Transport Network)에서 광신호 간 연결을 원격으로 설정해 줄 수 있는 노드(Optical Network Element)이다. OXC는 다수의 입력/출력 링크를 가지며 하나의 입력/출력 링크에는 다수의 파장 다중된 광신호 채널이 존재한다. OXC는 하나의 입력 링크를 통하여 입력되는 다수의 파장 채널을 서로 다른 출력 링크로 연결해 주거나, 다수의 입력 링크로부터 입력되는 파장채널을 하나의 출력 링크로 연곁해 줄 수 있는 optical grooming 기능을 수행한다. 또한 자국에서 광신호를 Add/Drop할 수 있는 기능을 가질 수 있다. (중략)

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OXC structure for MPλS merging implementation based on WDM network (WDM망 기반의 MPλS merging 구현을 위한 OXC 구조)

  • Kim, Kyeong-Mok;Cho, Yang-Hyuon;Oh, Young-Hwan
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.28 no.3B
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    • pp.183-190
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    • 2003
  • The explosion of the Internet has brought an acute need for efficient operation, which becomes to develop several technologies based on optical networks. By matching merging technology using wavelength multiplexing, an efficient administration with limited wavelength can provide scalability of network. The merging in optical layer has limitation of devices since the merging can not be performed in this layer. Hence the merging must be implemented in electronic layer. When the merging is implemented, the delay time would be increased in OXC (Optical Cross Connection), but the improvement of throughput rate will be expected in the process of explosive traffic due to reduction of optical channel supporting large bandwidth. In this thesis, we proposed an OXC of dual module having a merging function. We considered the optimum merging point with the largest in system performance and confirmed results using the simulation.

Next-generation Transmission Network Technology Trend (차세대 전송 망 기술 동향)

  • Kim Young-Tag;Park Su-Nam
    • 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.08a
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    • pp.52-55
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    • 2003
  • 지난 몇 년간 서비스 공급업체, 주로 신생 업체는 새로운 광 스위치 (OXC)의 서비스 기능, 유연성 및 비용 상의 우위를 즉시 활용할 수 있는 미개척 네트워크 영역을 구축해왔다. 최근 시장 침체로 인해 서비스 공급업체 특히 신생 업체가 타격을 받고 있다. 이러한 상황으로 인해 지능형 OXC 사용을 중심으로 하는 새로운 전송 아키텍처의 도입 열기가 다소 가라앉았지만 결코 멈춘 것은 아니다. 분명히 광 스위칭 및 분산 지능 기반의 아키텍처는 계속 존재할 것이다. 기존 업체(ILEC, IXC, RBOC 및 PTT)를 비롯하여 많은 서비스 공급업체는 이 아키텍처의 혁신적인 기술 및 기능을 인정하고 받아들이고 있다.

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A New Algorithm for Designing WDM Mesh Networks (그물구조 WDM 망 설계 알고리즘과 망 설계 시스템 연구)

  • Lee Youngho;Chang Yongwon;Park Noik;Lee Soonsuk;Kim Youngbu;Cho Kisung
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we deal with a mesh network design problem arising from the deployment of WDM for the optical internet. The mesh network consists of mesh topology for satisfying traffic demand while minimizing the cost of WDM, OXC, and fiber cables. The problem seeks to find an optimal routing of traffic demands in the network such that the total cost is minimized. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer programming model and devise a tabu search heuristic procedure. Also we develop an optical internet design system that implements the proposed tabu search heuristic procedure. We demonstrate the computational efficacy of the proposed algorithm, compared with CPLEX 8.0.

Design and Implementation of MPλS Simulator based on ns-2 Network Simulator (ns-2 네트워크 시뮬레이터 기반의 MPλS 시뮬레이터의 설계 및 구현)

  • 서선영;이봉환;황선태;윤찬현
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.40 no.10
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2003
  • The rapid increase of Internet users, diversity of application services, high speed data transmission, and extension of application areas have resulted in exponential growth of Internet traffic. In order to satisfy the increasing demand of bandwidth, the MPλS protocol, which is based on MPLS for efficient integration of WDM and IP protocols, has been suggested by IETF. In this paper, we present an MPλS simulator which enables to simulate various MPλS function such as optical crossconnect (OXC), multi-wavelength links, routing and wavelength assignment(RWA), and MPλS signaling and control. The simulator is developed based on the ns-2, an widely used multi-protocol network simulator. The function of the simulator is validated by running many simulation based on various scenarios and performance measures such as throughput and blocking probability. The simulator could be widely utilized for validation of proposed protocols before developing real optical network systems.