• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.288-302
• /
• 2019

Background: The one-person households (OPH) are rapidly increasing and vulnerable to socioeconomic and health problems. Because it is predicted to be inequitable to health care utilization, we would like to find out about the equity of health care utilization of the OPH by comparison with the multi-person households (MPH). Methods: This study followed the theoretical framework of Wagstaff and van Doorslaer (2000), O'Donnell and his colleagues (2008), where the horizontal inequity index is the difference between the concentration indices of actual health care utilization and health care needs. This study employed the 9th Korea Health Panel survey, and a total of 10,807 cases were analyzed. Health care needs were measured by age, sex, subjective health status, chronic disease count, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, limitation of activities, and disability. Results: Compared with the MPH, there were pro-poor inequities in hospitalization, emergency utilization, hospitalization out-of-pocket payments, and pro-rich inequities in outpatient out-of-pocket payments for the OPH. The decomposition of the concentration index revealed that chronic disease count made the largest contribution to socioeconomic inequality in outpatient utilization. Age, health insurance, economic activities, and subjective health status also proved more important contributors to inequality. The variables contributing to the hospitalization and emergency utilization inequity were age, education, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, marital status, and income. Conclusion: Because the OPH was more vulnerable to health problems than the MPH and there were pro-poor inequities in medical utilization, hospitalization, and emergency costs, it is necessary to develop a policy that can correct and improve the portion of high contribution to medical utilization of the OPH.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.294-300
• /
• 2010

천년초에는 유기산이 다량 함유되어 있을 뿐 아니라 항균효과가 탁월하다는 보고가 있고, 식이유황도 체내 기능을 향상시켜 산란계의 계란 생산성 및 품질을 향상시킬 가능성이 있다는 보고가 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 산란계에게 천년초와 식이유황을 사료에 첨가한 기능성 사료를 산란계에게 급여할 때 계란의 생산성과 품질 및 관능적 특성을 향상시키는 지를 조사하였다. 실험은 35주령의 Lohmann Brown 산란계 총 640마리를 4 처리 8 반복, 반복당 20수씩 완전임의배치를 하여 1) 천년초 0.12%, 2) 식이유황 0.1%, 3) 천년초 0.12%+식이유황 0.1% 또는 4) 물(대조군)을 사료에 골고루 혼합하여 5주 동안 급여하였다. 산란율, 계란 중량, 중량별 계란 생산량, 사료효율은 세군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 파란율은 천년초, 식이유황, 또는 천년초+식이유황을 급여한 군이 대조군에 비해 높았고 이러한 차이는 난각두께와 난각강도가 높은 것과 관련이 있었다. 계란의 신선도를 나타내는 Haugh unit, 난백과 난황의 점도도 천년초, 식이유황, 또는 천년초+식이유황을 급여한 군이 대조군에 비해 높았다. 천년초군이 식이 유황군 보다 신선도가 높은 경향을 나타내었지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았고 천년초+식이유황군도 천년초군이나 식이유황군과 차이가 없었다. 또한, 저장기간에 따른 계란의 신선도도 천년초, 식이유황, 또는 천년초+식이유황을 급여한 군이 대조군에 비해 높았다. 훈련된 대학생을 대상으로 반숙 난백과 난황에 대한 관능검사를 하였을 때도 난백과 난황에서 모두 질감, 달걀 특유의 비린맛, 느끼함 등에 대한 선호도가 천년초, 식이유황, 또는 천년초+식이유황을 급여한 군이 대조군에 비해 높았다. 결과적으로 천년초 추출물 0.12% 또는 0.1% 식이유황을 산란계의 사료에 첨가하여 급여하였을 때 산란계의 파란율을 감소시키고 저장기간 중에서도 신선도를 유지시키는 등 계란의 품질을 향상시켜 간접적으로 생산성을 향상시켰다. 천년초 추출물과 식이유황을 함께 첨가하였을 때 추가적으로 생산성이나 품질을 향상시키는데 도움이 되지는 않았으므로 천년초 추출물 0.12%이나 0.1% 식이유황을 산란계 사료에 첨가함으로써 계란의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of an engineered Escherichia coli to degrade chlorpyrifos (Cp) using an organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme, encoded in both Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 or Pseudomonas diminuta, by employing the Lpp-OmpA chimera and the N-terminal domain of the ice nucleation protein as anchoring motifs. Tracing of the expression location of the recombinant protein using SDS-PAGE showed the presentation of OPH by both anchors on the outer membrane. This is the first report on the presentation of OPH on the cell surface by Lpp-OmpA under the control of the T7 promoter. The results showed cell growth in the presence of Cp as the sole source of energy, without growth inhibition, and with higher whole-cell activity for both cells harboring plasmids pENVO and pELMO, at approximately 10,342.85 and 10,857.14 U/mg, respectively. Noticeably, the protein displayed by pELMO was lower than the protein displayed by pENVO. It can be concluded that Lpp-OmpA can display less protein, but more functional OPH protein. These results highlight the high potential, of both engineered bacteria, for use in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated sources in the environment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.2797-2800
• /
• 2010

For the purpose of developing advanced new absorbents for carbon dioxide, ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as alternative materials due to their superior properties to conventional organic solvents. Since low $CO_2$ solubility in ionic liquids is a major concern for their application as absorbents, it is essential to focus on improving $CO_2$ absorbing capability of ILs. In this paper, strongly basic ionic liquids, namely [$C_n$-mim]OPh (n = 2, 4, 6), have been synthesized and studied over a wide range of temperature and pressure changes. [$C_n$-mim]OPh can be easily synthesized from corresponding [$C_n$-mim]Cl and sodium phenoxide and has been found to be good $CO_2$ absorbents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.1115-1117
• /
• 1999

• 공업화학
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.486-489
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 대장균 세포 표면에서 발현되는 유기인분해효소(organophosphorus hydrolase; OPH)를 이용하여 난분해성 및 환경독성물질로 알려진 diazinon의 효과적 처리가 이루어졌다. 이 실험에서는 $25^{\circ}C$ 배양 온도와 배지에 0.2 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) 첨가 조건이 유기인분해 효소 생산에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이 조건에서 성장한 대장균을 이용하여 초음파 파쇄공정이 수행되었을 때, 25, 50 mg/L diazinon는 각각 4.5, $7.2mg/g{\cdot}min$의 diazinon 제거 속도를 나타내었고, 두 농도(25, 50 ppm) 모두 90% 이상 제거 효율을 구할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 실험 결과들은 diazinon과 같은 독성 화합물을 친환경적으로 처리할 수 있는 생물학적 처리 시스템으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.144-153
• /
• 2021

Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs), including both G- and V-type nerve agents such as sarin, soman, tabun and VX, are extremely neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds. Catalytic bioscavengers capable of hydrolyzing OPNAs are under development because of the low protective effects and adverse side effects of chemical antidotes to OPNA poisoning. However, these bioscavengers have certain limitations for practical application, including low catalytic activity and narrow specificity. In this study, we generated a fusion-hybrid form of engineered recombinant human paraoxonase 1 (rePON1) and bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), referred to as GV-hybrids, using a flexible linker to develop more promising catalytic bioscavengers against a broad range of OPNAs. These GV-hybrids were able to synergistically hydrolyze both G-type OPNA analogs (paraoxon: 1.7 ~ 193.7-fold, p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate (PNPDPP): 2.3 ~ 33.0-fold and diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP): 1.4 ~ 22.8-fold) and V-type OPNA analogs (demeton-S-methyl (DSM): 1.9 ~ 34.6-fold and malathion: 1.1 ~ 4.2-fold above) better than their individual enzyme forms. Among the GV-hybrid clones, the GV7 clone showed remarkable improvements in the catalytic activity toward both G-type OPNA analogs (kcat/Km (106 M-1 min-1): 59.8 ± 0.06 (paraoxon), 5.2 ± 0.02 (PNPDPP) and 47.0 ± 6.0 (DFP)) and V-type OPNA analogs (kcat/Km (M-1 min-1): 504.3 ± 48.5 (DSM) and 1324.0 ± 47.5 (malathion)). In conclusion, we developed GV-hybrid forms of rePON1 and bacterial OPH mutants as effective and suitable catalytic bioscavengers to hydrolyze a broad range of OPNA analogs.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 2011

Rhodococcus sp. strain DK17은 3개의 linear catabolic megaplasmid (380 kb pDK1, 330 kb pDK2, 750 kb pDK3)를 보유하고 있다. Alkylbenzene 분해 유전자군(akbABCDEF)은 pDK2에만 위치하는 반면 phthalate 분해 유전자군의 경우에는 거의 동일한 copy가 pDK2 (ophA'B'C'R')와 pDK3 (ophABCR)에 각각 위치한다. DK17은 최적 성장온도인 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $37^{\circ}C$로 배양온도를 상승시키면 성장이 멈추지만 $30^{\circ}C$로 환원 즉시 다시 성장을 시작하였다. 이는 $37^{\circ}C$라는 온도 조건이 DK17에게 치명적이지는 않지만 스트레스로 작용함을 암시하는 것이다. 또한 $37^{\circ}C$에서 열충격을 받은 일부 세포는 o-xylene (alkylbenzene의 모델 화합물)을 분해 능력을 상실하였다. 열충격 후 200개의 집락을 무작위로 선택하여 pDK2- 또는 pDK3-specific 프라이머를 이용한 PCR과 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis를 통해 megaplasmid의 변화 양상을 비교 분석한 결과, 29개 돌연변이체에서 야생형의 것과 다른 5가지 megaplasmid 유형[pDK2 소실과 함께 새로운 약 700 kb megaplasmid 출현(10개), pDK2만 소실(9개), pDK3 소실과 함께 새로운 약 400 kb megaplasmid 출현(8개), pDK3만 소실(1개), 그리고 pDK2와 pDK3 소실과 함께 각각 약 400 kb와 700 kb 크기의 새로운 megaplasmid 출현(1개)]이 관찰되었다. 이상의 연구 결과는 성장 온도 변화가 세균 유전체의 물리적 변화를 직접 유도할 수 있음을 입증하는 것으로 온도 변화를 비롯한 서식지 환경 변화가 세균 진화에 상당한 영향력을 미칠 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.253-256
• /
• 2005

We have constructed the Mount Fuji submillimeter-wave telescope at Nishiyasugawara (alt. 3725 m) near the summit of Mt. Fuji (alt. 3774 m). Thanks to the excellent condition of Mt. Fuji, we have successfully carried out the [CI] survey toward more than 40 square degrees of sky, including qrion MC, Taurus MC, Rosetta MC, DR 15, DR 21, NGC 1333, NGC 2264, W 3, W 44, W 51, L 134, p-Oph. Our [CI] survey have revealed that the [CI] 492 GHz emission widely extends to the molecular clouds. The spatial and velocity structures of the [CI] 492 GHz emission resemble those of 13CO J=l-0 in many molecular clouds, implying that [CI] 492 GHz and $^{13}CO$ J=1-0 are emitted from the same gas. The column density of $C^o$ linearly correlates with that of CO up to high Av, suggesting that $C^o$ exist in the deep interior of molecular clouds. In several regions, we have found that the distributions of $C^o$ and CO are different from each other. The $C^o$-rich area is found in the Hieles' cloud 2. The C+/CO/$C^o$ configuration is found in DR 15, p-Oph, M 17, Orion KL, and NGC 1333. These results indicate that an origin of $C^o$ is unrelated with the photodissociation process. We discuss the observed $C^o$ distributions in relation to the non-equilibrium chemistry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.1890-1893
• /
• 2007

A bacterium, Burkholderia sp. JBA3, which can mineralize the pesticide parathion, was isolated from an agricultural soil. The strain JBA3 hydrolyzed parathion to p-nitrophenol, which was further utilized as the carbon and energy sources. The parathion hydrolase was encoded by a gene on a plasmid that strain JBA3 harbored, and it was cloned into pUC19 as a 3.7-kbp Sau3AI fragment. The ORF2 (ophB) in the cloned fragment encoded the parathion hydrolase composed of 526 amino acids, which was expressed in E. coli DH10B. The ophB gene showed no significant sequence similarity to most of other reported parathion hydrolase genes.