• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

This study analyzes the relationship between OECD DAC aid and recipients' corruption based on the good governance discussion. The study applies a fixed-effect model and PCSE model with a dataset of 43 African countries' corruption perception index, World Bank data, Polity IV, and OECD DAC aid statistics between 2000 and 2014. A statistical analysis confirmed that OECD DAC aid has a negative impact on corruption in African countries. DAC's aid affects negatively to corruption in African countries, especially in countries where democracy has matured. This research suggests that a more comprehensive follow-up study of the OECD DAC's good governance-oriented aid. Simultaneously, the general democratic effect on the recipients' institutions could not be applied in African countries, when considering regional peculiarities.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2018

The OECD ITP project has looked at the black box of each participating countries' teacher education system. In the 2000s, various countries have tried to reform their professional development systems for teachers, including teacher education and induction, as an initial yet crucial step to improve the quality of education. Since 2015, OECD member countries have been conducting an international comparison study on teacher education and induction programs(i.e. ITP). The ITP project is an in-depth comparative study among the member countries that have expressed willingness to participate voluntarily. This paper introduces the progress of the ITP project and analyzed the national background report on the teacher education and induction system of the participating countries and compared the features of the systems. In addition, this study explores the common issues surrounding the teacher education and induction system. Moreover, the researcher has tried to derive some suggestions for improvement of teacher education and induction system in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.109-121
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• 2009

In these OECD countries, left-wingers Government focus on unemployment, but right -wingers Government cares more about inflation. It is that inflation and unemployment don't have differential effects across rich and poor and the happiness levels of these two groups are unaffected by identity of the Government in power. The poor people choose to left-wingers Government, but rich people prefer to right -wingers Government. I estimate whether above opinion is correct or not. Especially I check how my results change when I control for aggregate economy activity and government consumption, two variables that could be correlated with inflation and unemployment and affect each Government's happiness differentially. This paper, and I believe much of the happiness literature, can be understood as an application of experienced utility, a conception that emphasis the pleasures derived from private consumption and sentiment of it. In Granger Causality test, private consumption sentiment index related with industrial production interactively in Korea. The business cycles affect on private consumption sentiment index.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.215-235
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• 2018

Policy concerns related to raising fertility rates are not only common interests among the OECD countries, but they are also issues of great concern to South Korea whose fertility rate is the lowest in the world. The fertility rate in South Korea continues to decline, even though most of the national budget has been spent on measures to address this and many studies have been conducted on the increase in the fertility rates. In this regard, this study aims to verify the effectiveness of the detailed factors affecting the fertility rate that have been discussed in the previous studies on fertility rates, and to investigate the overall trend toward enhancing the quality of life and increasing the fertility rate through macroscopic and structural studies under the recognition of problems related to the policy approaches through the case studies of the European countries. Toward this end, this study investigated if a high quality of life in advanced countries contributes to the increase in the fertility rate, which country serves as a state model that has a high quality of life and a high fertility rate, and what kind of social and policy environment does the country have with regard to childbirth. The analysis of the OECD Better Life Index (BLI) and CIA fertility rate data showed that the countries whose people enjoy a high quality of life do not necessarily have high fertility rates. In addition, under the recognition that a country with a high quality of life and a high birth rate serves as a state model that South Korea should aim for, the social characteristics of Iceland, Ireland, and New Zealand, which turned out to have both a high quality of life and a high fertility rate, were compared with those of Germany, which showed a high quality of life but a low fertility rate. According to the comparison results, the three countries that were mentioned showed higher awareness of gender equality; therefore, the gender wage gap was small. It was also confirmed that the governments of these countries support various policies that promote both parents sharing the care of their children. In Germany, on the other hand, the gender wage gap was large and the fertility rate was low. In a related move, however, the German government has made active efforts to a paradigm shift toward gender equality. The fertility rate increases when the synergy lies in the relationship between parents and children; therefore, awareness about gender equality should be firmly established both at home and in the labor market. For this reason, the government is required to provide support for the childbirth and rearing environment through appropriate family policies, and exert greater efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant systems rather than simply promoting a system construction. Furthermore, it is necessary to help people in making their own childbearing decisions during the process of creating a better society by changing the national goal from 'raising the fertility rate' to 'creating a healthy society made of happy families'

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-235
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• 2012

This paper presents an alternative decomposition technique to identify the relative importance of factors associated with changes in $CO_2$ emissions by using directional distance function to model the joint production of desirable and undesirable outputs. The key feature of the proposed approach is the introduction of fossil and non-fossil fuel energy input efficiencies, productivity change and emission intensity change. For the 27 OECD countries as a whole, the empirical results indicate that economic growth is the most important contributor to $CO_2$ emissions increase, while efficiency change is the most important component to $CO_2$ emissions reduction between 1980 and 2007. For more extensive insights, this paper divided 3 groups according to the emission growth rate and find out that high emission countries show relatively low production efficiencies and technical changes contributing $CO_2$ emissions increase. The results also provide that more strict environmental regulations are needed to improve the pollution intensity in these countries.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.251-254
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• 2007

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.315-325
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• 2010

The issues on education as a human capital formation in recent years have been focused for all of the countries with emerging of the knowledge-based economy. The present study compared and analyzed the relationships between the educational investment and national economic growth of ten non-English-speaking OECD countries during 1970-2008, using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) as the main analytical methods. Findings indicate that educational investment, R&D investment, and fertility rate were statistically significant in the estimation of the variables related to the human capital formation, and these elements had also positive influence on the national economic growth. The most salient factor was the fertility rate, and the R&D investment and educational investment appeared as the next factors in the national economic growth. In particular, the dimensions in the coefficient of the fertility rate showed 1.8 times of the R&D and 3.5 times of the educational investment, respectively. These results imply that educational investment, R&D investment, and the policies which promote fertility rate should be taken into account for the continuous economic growth of each country.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

Recently, many of the mobile network operators or telcos are introducing the LTE service in order to effectively cope with an explosive increasing mobile traffics due to an expansion of the use of smart phones. The 1.8GHz, 2.6GHz, and 800MHz band classes are most widely used for LTE. In particular, the 1.8GHz band class is the most useful one in terms of the reusability of the existing (2G) network, global harmonization, bandwidth, eco-system of equipments and devices, and so on. In recent years, major countries in the world have allocated the 1.8GHz band spectrum in a wide bandwidth unit suitable for the upcoming LTE-Advanced service. This paper surveyed the 1.8GHz band spectrum allocation policies of the 12 OECD countries, including Republic of Korea. From the survey, we have found that they rebuilt or refarmed the existing holders' bands, recovered the public (i.e., military)-use bands, and allocated the bands in a wide bandwidth and in an equal or similar size.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.491-511
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• 2016

This paper attempts to understand the nature and dynamics of global value chains in the auto industry using the OECD TiVA 2015 edition on the bilateral foreign value added in exports over the period 1995-2011 and employing the techniques of social network analysis such as the computation of network measures and visualization of value added trade flows. It is shown that there has been a tendency towards increasing production fragmentation both within and across regions. The automotive value-added network is found to have small-world properties with a hierarchical, clustered and dense structure. The differences among the US, Germany and China as major suppliers of foreign value added in global automotive value chains are remarkably revealed. Although the fragmentation of production has been developed on a global scale, a dichotomous tension between center and periphery and domestic and foreign capital lies behind it.