• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 1976

High turnover rate of nurses working in the hospitals is one of the serious problems in nursing society at the present time which can result in reducing the economic condition of hospital and providing low quality nursing care. This study was designed identify the causes and turnover rate of 248 clinical staff nurses in relation to their rewards and incentives in 6 hospitals located in Seoul from Oct.1 to Oct. 20, 1975. Questionnaires and analyzing items were formulated on the basic of Mallow's hierarchy of basic needs which were grouped in three categories such as safety and social and psychological rewards and incentives. The data were analyzed by means of mean, Chi square, Percentage and F- ratio. The following results were obtained: 1) There were 69% of respondents who have definitely decided or hoped to leave the hospital. 2) Those who are in the range of 26 to 30 years of age showed the strongest desire to leave the hospital. 3) There was no significant difference between those who want to leave the hospital and those who want to remain in relation to age, educational background, past experience and expecting period of clinical work. However, the married nurses tend to remain in the hospital than the single. 4) When the rewards scores in the three categories were calculated, psychological rewards were placed in the first rank by the mean score 14.09 ; and each of safety rewards and social rewards were 9.06 and 4.84. When the scores in three categories were compared it was found that there was significant difference. (F〈0.01).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 1993

To study management practices suitable for the least production loss of temperate pasture under summer stress, two different cutting dates (late June and mid July) under summer stress and five different nitrogen treatment application levels (0, 100. 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) were tried during the trial period between Oct. of 1986 and Oct. of 1989. The late June cutting showed a statistically significant increase of dry matter yield of pasture in comparison with the mid-July cutting(P<0.05). Nitrogen application also gave significant increase in dry matter yield. Botanical composition at the 4th cuttings in 1988 and 1989 was dominated by weeds to the level of 50%, Application ofnitrogen at 200 kgs per ha was found to be the best with production of grasses at 70%, legumes at 10 % and weeds at 20% in botanical composition comparison of pastures at the 4th cutting time the last year, showing a great decrease of weeds. K contents of pasture in June cuttings showed to be more than them in July cutting, and N and Na contents increased with increases of the nitrogen application level. It was concluded that treatment with June cutting and nitrogen application of 200 kg per ha was a way to keep temperate pasture from summer stress in the Cheju area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the seeding dates on the yield and feed value in cultivating Italian rye grass on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with seeding dates of Oct. 19 (T1), Oct. 26 (T2), Nov. 2 (T3), Nov. 9 (T4), and Nov. 16 (T5) treatments. Plant length, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Crude protein, Crude fat and crude ash were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). On the other hand, NDF, ADF and Crude fiber were decreased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Total mineral contents were higher in the order of T4 > T3 > T5 > T1 > T2 (p<0.05). The total composition amino acid content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the seeding dates delayed. Total free sugar content was highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Nutrition yields (crude protein, crude fat, amino acid and free sugar) were increased significantly with early seeding dates (p<0.05). The above result indicated that it is favorable to seed soon after rice harvest to increase dry matter yield and nutrition yield of Italian ryegrass in the midlands.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.209-218
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• 2016

This study analyzed the data using the phenomenological method proposed by Colaizzi (1978) to understand the meaning and reality of the health care experience of clinical nurses in a university hospital. The data were collected from 9 participants, who were nurses in a university hospital in the city of S from Oct 4, 2015 to Oct 30, 2015. The results showed that the health care experiences of the participants may be categorized into 5 categories, 'ambivalence toward the physical health care', 'pressure over physical exercise', 'the difficulty arising out of shift work', 'stress management', and 'rediscovery of self', and may be identified with a 14 theme cluster and 42 themes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 1997

Vegetable perilla, "Ipdlkkae 1"(Perilla frutescens var japonica Hara), was tested about the flowering and maturing responce in summer and winter. In summer season, it was researched about those responses according to the change of seeding date from May 15th to Oct. 15th at one month interval in the field. "Ipdlkkae 1" flowered Oct. 2nd under the day length of eleven hours and fourty-one minutes, compared with Sep. 6th (day length of twelve hours and fourty-three minutes) of "Yepsildlggae". And those responses showed that vegetable perilla was have to seeded before July 15th for two reason. The first is a unique response of perilla to day length. If perilla stay under short-day condition for some days, perilla will flower after four weeks. The second is a weather, especially frost and cold. In the test of latest seeding at Oct. 15th, the plants flowered more late than normal flowering period and they were not able to mature for frost of early winter. And this result showed that any other species, which has the characteristic of later flowering than that of "Ipdlkkae 1", could not able to mature in the field. In winter time, this species was tested about the same responses according to the change of short-day treatments. In the case of the test from May 1st (above fourteen hours day length), even if the test plants were stayed under short-day condition for more than 10 days, they were not able to mature, but flowerd. From the test of Apr. 15th, day length of thirteen hours, the plants were showed variable reaction to the short-day treatment. In this test, 11days for short-day treatment was a basic day to decide whether flowering was delayed or not. In the test from Apr. 1st, perilla seeds were able to harvest at least 5 days short-day treatment. In the final test from Mar. 15th, it had no need to take short-day treatment for harvesting of normal seeds, because the day length of that are twelve hours, which is an enough time to induce flowering and maturing, previously reported.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 1998

To give some information on the harvest and storage of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita), the experiment was done to examine the effect of its harvesting date and storage method on tuber weight, tuberrelated characters during the storageor at the end of storage. The yam tubers harvested 4 times at 20 days interval from Oct. 15 were stored with different storage methods(pit, room and cold temperature) and on Mar.15. all the characters were measured. Fresh weight of the tuber harvestedafter Nov. 5 and stored were greater than that done on Oct. 15 while dry tuber weight did not have any difference between the harvesting dates. The fresh weigth done directly from the field on Mar. 15 was higher compared to the other harvesting dates owing to its higher moisture content. The rate of sound tuber stored at room or cold temperature condition was higher than that at the field at which the rate was greater at the harvest after late nov. compared to the earlier harvests. Although the two storages were similar at sound tuber rates and marketable yield, the tuber weight was more reduced when stored at room temperature than when done at cold temperature . Brightness and value 'b' of chromaticaity realted to the tuber coloring and sugar content were higher but moisture content was lowerwhen harvested on Oct. 15 than the other havesting dates. All the characteristics realted to the marketability after storage were nearly same when stored at room and cold temperature. Value 'a' of chromaticity and sugar content were higher when harvest on Mar. 15 than when harvested before Dec. 15 but the 'b' value and mositure content were reverse results.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.62.1-62.13
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• 2021

Background: Canine mammary gland tumor (MGT) is the most common cancer in aged female dogs. Although it's important to identify reliable metastasis or prognostic factors by evaluating related to cell division, adhesion, and cancer stem cell-related transcription factor (TF) in metastasis-induced canine MGT, but there are limited studies. Objectives: We aimed to identify metastasis prognostic factors and cancer stem cell-TFs in canine MGTs. Methods: Age-matched female dogs diagnosed with MGT only were classified into metastatic and non-metastatic groups by histopathological staining of MGT tissues. The mRNA levels of cancer prognostic metastasis molecular factors (E-cadherin, ICAM-1, PRR14, VEGF, HPRT1, RPL4 and hnRNP H) and cancer stem cell-related TFs (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) were compared between metastatic and non-metastatic canine MGT tissues using qRT-PCR analysis. Results: The mRNA levels of ICAM-1, PRR14, VEGF, hnRNP H, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog in metastatic MGT group were significantly higher than those in non-metastatic MGT group. However, mRNA level of RPL4 was significantly lower in metastatic MGT group. Loss of E-cadherin and HPRT1 was observed in the metastatic MGT group but it was not significant. Conclusions: Consistent expression patterns of all metastasis-related factors showing elevation in ICAM-1, PRR14, VEGF, hnRNP H, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, but decreases in RPL4 levels occurred in canine MGT tissues, which was associated with metastasis. Thus, these cancer prognostic metastasis factors and TFs of cancer stem cells, except for E-cadherin and HPRT1, can be used as reliable metastasis factors for canine MGT and therapeutic strategy.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-221
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate seed bulbs production of 'Namdo' garlic (Allium sativum L.) by treating with 200 mM $K_3PO_4$ and 200 mM $KNO_3$ solution to bulbils. The growth characteristics of garlic plants derived from bulbils sown on 3 different dates were compared to those of plants derived from non-treated bulbils. Time required for 50% shoot emergence ($T_{50}$) was shortened as the sowing dates delayed. However, the final emergence rate was increased in the early sowing dates, and was high when treated with $K_3PO_4$ and sown on Oct. 10. The % clove differentiation of bulb was not significantly affected by sowing date and chemicals treatment of the bulbils. In all treatments, % clove differentiation was greater than 85%. The average bulb weight was increased with earlier sowing. Bulbils treated with $K_3PO_4$ and sown on Oct. 10 exhibited the best growth and yield. which was 27% higher compared to the non-treated bulbils.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.644-662
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• 1986

Seventy cases of open heart surgery were performed in the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje College, from Oct. 1985 to Oct. 1986. And the results were summarized as follows. 1. Among the 70 cases, there were 48 cases of congenital heart anomalies and 22 cases of acquired rheumatic valvular heart diseases. Age range of the congenital patients was 7 months to 31 years with the mean age of 10 years, and the acquired patients was 18 to 62 years with the mean age of 40 years. 2. The heart-lung machine used for cardiopulmonary bypass was Sarns 7000, 5-head roller pump, and the number and type of oxygenators were 5 of membrane type and 65 of bubble type. For all cases GIK [glucose-insulin-potassium] solution was used as cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection during operation. 3. Among the 48 congenital anomalies, there were 12 cases of ASD group, 29 of VSD group, 3 of ECD, 3 of TOF and one of PDA + MR, and to all of which the appropriate radical operations were applied. 4. Among the 22 acquired valvular diseases, there were 11 cases of mitral valve diseases [MS; 4, MSr; 3, MRs; 4], 3 cases of aortic valve diseases [AR:1, ARs;1, ASr;1], 4 cases of double valve diseases [MRs+TR; 3, MRs+ARs; 1] and 4 cases of triple valve diseases [MSr+ASr+TR; 3, MSr+Ar+TR; 1]. To all the diseased mitral and aortic valves, artificial valve replacement was applied except one [As], in which valve plication was applied. And to all the diseased tricuspid valve, DeVega annuloplasty was applied. 5. The number of replaced artificial valves were 29 in 25 patients [congenital; 3, acquire; 22]. In MVR, 6 of mechanical valves [St. Jude Medical valve; 6] and 15 of tissue valves [Carpentier-Edward valve; 11, lonescu-Shiley valve; 4] were used. In AVR, 6 of mechanical valves [St. Jude Medical valve; 6] and 2 of tissue valves [Carpentier-Edward valve; 2] were used. 6. Postoperative complications were occurred in 12 cases. Among them 11 cases were recovered with intensive cares, but one patient [VSD + Fistula of Valsalva sinus] was expired with low cardiac out put syndrome.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.291-294
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• 2012

Embryonic stem cell classically cultured on feeder layer with FBS contained ES medium. Feeder-free mouse ES cell culture systems are essential to avoid the possible contamination of nonES cells. First we determined the difference between ES cell and MEF by Oct4 population. We demonstrate to culture and to induce differentiation on feeder free condition using a commercially available mouse ES cell lines.