• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2000

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a small peptide molecule synthesized by white adipocytes with an important role in the regulation of body fat and food intake. Based on the evidence that synthesis of leptin is regulated by female sex hormone, estrogen, this present study was investigated whether sex hormone precursor DHEA, can regulate obese gene expression in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Antiobesity activity of DHEA was evaluated by determining body weight, food consumption, epididymal fat weight and serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in ICR, C57BL/6J, and ob/ob mice. The treatment of C57BL/6J lean and obese mice with a diet containing 0.3% and 0.6% DHEA resulted in lowered rates of weight gain in comparison to non-treated mice, although much greater response was found in the obese mice. All other concentrations of DHEA (0.015%, 0.06%, 0.15%, 0.3%) except the highest one(0.6%) showed no significant effects on weight gain in ICR mice. Food consumption was significantly decreased in all mice treated with 0.6% DHEA, whereas it was not decreased in ICR mice at lower concentrations than 0.6% DHEA. DHEA decreased significantly epididymal adipose tissue weight and serum triglyceride levels dose dependently in lean and obese mice. However serum cholesterol levels were decreased at lower concentrations than 0.15% DHEA and increased at concentrations of 0.3% and 0.6% DHEA in lean and obese mice. These increases in serum cholestrol levels at high concentrations of DHEA might result from the fact that DHEA has a cholesterol moiety thereby interfered the assay system. As an approach to elucidate the mechanism for antiobesity activity of DHEA, we examined mRNA levels of obese gene in the adipocyte and obese gene product (leptin) in the serum. The results showed that DHEA did not affect obese gene expression in ICR and C57BL/6J mice. Therefore, we concluded that antiobesity activity of DHEA was not modulated by obese gene expression.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.91.1-91.15
• /
• 2020

Background: Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate compound present in cruciferous vegetables. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN have been reported, the precise mechanism related to the inflammatory genes is poorly understood. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN and the differential gene expression pattern in SFN treated ob/ob mice. Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) level was measured using a Griess assay. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the differential gene expression in the liver of ob/ob mice. Results: The SFN treatment significantly attenuated the iNOS and COX-2 expression levels and inhibited NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression levels of 28 genes related to inflammation were up-regulated (> 2-fold), and six genes were down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) in the control ob/ob mice compared to normal mice. In contrast, the gene expression levels were restored to the normal level by SFN. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that chemokine ligand (Cxcl14, Ccl1, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl17) and chemokine receptor (Ccr3, Cxcr1, Ccr10) were located in close proximity and formed a "functional cluster" in the middle of the network. Conclusions: The overall results suggest that SFN has a potent anti-inflammatory effect by normalizing the expression levels of the genes related to inflammation that were perturbed in ob/ob mice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제46권8호
• /
• pp.795-802
• /
• 2003

목 적 : 지방조직에 존재하는 OB 유전자에서 전사된 호르몬인 leptin은 여러 가지 생리적 요인이나, 호르몬에 의해서 영향을 받는다. Leptin의 발현에 대한 호르몬에 대한 연구가 많은 동물 실험들을 상대로 시도되고 있으나 사람에서 OB 유전자와 leptin 분비를 조절하는 호르몬의 영향 및 상호작용에 대해서는 아직 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 사람의 복강에서 추출한 조직배양에서 OB 유전자와 leptin 분비를 조절하는 호르몬의 영향 및 상호작용에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 복부수술을 위하여 입원한 환자 7명을 대상으로 복강 내 지방조직을 절제하여 배양액에 호르몬을 첨가하지 않은 상태와 배양액에 인슐린, dexamethasone 및, 성장호르몬을 단독으로 첨가하거나, 인슐린과 dexamethasone을 동시에 첨가하거나, 인슐린과 dexamethasone과 성장호르몬을 같이 첨가한 상태에서 48시간 배양한 후 RNA를 추출하여 경쟁적 역전사 중합반응(competitive RT-PCR)을 시행하여 OB 유전자의 발현을 측정하고, human leptin IRMA Kit를 사용하여 지방조직에서 분비되는 배양액 내 leptin 양을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 인슐린은 단독으로는 OB 유전자 발현과 leptin 분비에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. Dexamethasone은 OB 유전자의 발현과 leptin 분비를 증가시켰는데, 48시간 배양 후에 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였다. 인슐린과 dexamethasone을 같이 배양시에는 OB 유전자 발현에 있어서는 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, leptin 분비는 48시간 배양 후 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였다. 또한 성장호르몬 단독으로는 OB 유전자의 발현에 영향을 미치지는 못하나, 인슐린, dexamethasone, 성장호르몬을 같이 배양시에 인슐린과 dexamethasone의 OB 유전자 발현과 leptin 분비증가 능력을 억제시켰다. 결 론 : 인슐린 단독으로는 leptin 분비를 증가시키지 못하나, dexamethasone에 의해 상승작용이 나타나고, 이는 dexamethasone이 OB 유전자 발현을 증가시킨 후에 인슐린이 세포질내에서의 leptin 분비를 증가시킨다고 추정할 수 있다. 성장호르몬의 억제효과는 성장호르몬이 인슐린이나 dexamethasone에 대한 지방조직의 반응성을 변화시킴으로써 간접적으로 leptin의 발현을 조절할 것으로 추정되며, dexamethasone이 OB 유전자 발현을 증가시킨 후에 인슐린이 세포질 내에서의 leptin 분비를 증가시킨다는 것에 대한 연구가 더 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.751-763
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate how magnolia bark extract affects ob/ob mouse in terms of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Methods: Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were divided into 2 groups (n=5): a normal saline treatment (=control) and magnolia bark treatment. Wild type mice were the lean group (n=5). After 5 weeks, we measured fasting blood sugar (FBS) and conducted oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in each group. After 6 weeks, we measured body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, liver weight, serum glucose, serum insulin, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interferon-${\gamma}$, and interleukin-6. We characterized the phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and analyzed fractions of the phenotype in each group by flow cytometry. Results: In the magnolia bark group, fasting blood sugar, oral glucose tolerance levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased. The population and proportion of ATMs among leukocytes in adipose tissue were significantly decreased in the magnolia bark group. The population and proportion of M1 type ATMs among ATMs were significantly decreased in the magnolia bark group. Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was significantly decreased in the magnolia bark group. Conclusions: These results support a positive effect of magnolia bark on metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한불임학회 2006년도 The 5th Biannual Meeting of Pacific Rim Society for Fertility and Sterility
• /
• pp.163.1-163.1
• /
• 2006

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.1109-1121
• /
• 2009

In an attempt to discover novel biomarker proteins in type 2 diabetes prognosis, we investigated the influence of hypoglycemic extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the macrofungus Tremella fuciformis on the differential levels of plasma proteins in ob/ob mice using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE analysis demonstrated that 92 spots from about 900 visualized spots were differentially regulated, of which 40 spots were identified as principal diabetes-associated proteins. By comparing control with EPS-fed mice, we found that at least six proteins were significantly altered in ob/ob mice, including Apo A-I, IV, C-III, E, retinol-binding protein 4, and transferrin, and their levels were interestingly normalized after EPS treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the altered levels of the two regulatory molecules highlighted in diabetes and obesity (e.g., resistin and adiponectin) were also normalized in response to EPS. The Mouse Diabetes PCR Array profiles showed that the expression of 84 genes related to the onset, development, and progression of diabetes were significantly downregulated in liver, adipocyte, and muscle of ob/ob mice. EPS might act as a potent regulator of gene expression for a wide variety of genes in ob/ob mice, particularly in obesity, insulin resistance, and complications from diabetes mellitus.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.511-519
• /
• 2011

Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.54-71
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Saurui Herba Seu Rhizoma(SHSR) on Anti-inflammatory properties in Raw264.7 cell line and murine models of inflammation. Methods : To investigate the effects of Saurui Herba Seu Rhizoma(SHSR) on anti-inflammation, we study cytotoxicity effects of SHSR on Mouse Lung Fibroblast Cells and Peritoneal Macrophages, Inhibitory effects of SHSR on the nitric oxide (NO) release, the ROS production, and the interleukin-6 production. Results : The cytotoxicity of SHSR on mouse lung fibroblast Cells and Raw264.7 cell line was not observed. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA gene expression depending upon the concentrations of extract and inhibited IL-18 mRNA gene expression at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibit COX-2 mRNA gene expression at 100, 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibited NOS-II mRNA gene expression depending upon the concentrations of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line didn't inhibit $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA　gene expression. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line decreased IL-6 production depending　upon the concentrations of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line decreased $ITNF-{\alpha}$ production according to the concentrations of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibited NO release specially SHSR 100, 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of extract. SHSR inhibit ROS production depending upon the concentrations of extract. Conclusion : These results suggest that SHSR can be used treating a lot of women disease caused by inflammation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2005

Leptin, the product of the obesity (ob) gene, is synthesized in adipocytes or fat cells and has been implicated in the regulation of food intake, energy balance and body composition in mammals. Therefore, the leptin gene could be a candidate gene controlling fat deposition, meat quality and carcass traits in cattle. In this study the microsatellite genotypes for leptin gene were determined and their effects on carcass traits and meat quality were estimated in Korean cattle. Six different microsatellite alleles within leptin gene were identified and gene frequencies of 173, 177, 184, 186, 190 and 192 bp alleles were 0.012, 0.308, 0.067, 0.260, 0.342 and 0.016, respectively. The microsatellite marker of the leptin gene showed a significant association with the carcass percentage (CP) and marbling score (MS). Animals with genotypes 192/192 and 177/184 had higher CP than animals with other genotypes. Animals with genotypes 184/192 and 177/184 had higher MS compared with animals with other genotypes. Thus, the results suggest that the 177, 184 and 192 bp alleles may be associated with increased carcass percentage and intramuscular fat levels. No associations were found between the microsatellite genotypes of the leptin gene and other carcass traits such as carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF) and M. longissimus dorsi area (LDA). In conclusion, the microsatellite markers of the leptin gene may be useful for marker-assisted selection of carcass traits and meat quality in Korean cattle.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한불임학회 1999년도 제38차 추계 학술대회
• /
• pp.40.2-41
• /
• 1999