• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

Objectives of this study were to investigate influencing factors of detention time, particle size distribution, and filter medium characteristics for waterworks sludge dewatering. The stepped pressure filtration was carried out with lab scale apparatus and the filter press pilot test for dewatering was conducted at the water treatment plant. Effects of filter medium and polymer dose were examined through observing water content and dewatering velocity and cyclic dewatering rate with filter press pilot test. Relationships among detention time, particle size distribution and filtration resistance were analyzed. Prolongation of sludge detention time was found to cause blinding phenomenon in cake and filter medium and to decrease dewatering process efficiency. The average specific resistance increased according to detention time. In pilot test of dewatering for thickened sludge with Nylon Multi-NY840D and Nylon Mono-100% filter media, dewatering velocities were 0.92 and $0.93kg\;DS/m^2{\cdot}hr$ according to 0.1% polymer dose of dried solids weight base. And cyclic dewatering rates were 2.45 and $2.50kg\;DS/m^2{\cdot}cycle$ cycle for the Nylon Multi-NY840D and Nylon Mono-100% media. Dewatering velocity of polymer dosed sludge was observed to be higher than that of non-polymer sludge.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

Fine particles (d$_{p}$ < 2.5 $\mu$m) were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) in Chongju. The data set was collected on fifty-eight different days with a 24-hr sampling period from October 27, 1995 through August 25, 1996. Particulate nitrate in the ADS was also measured on teflon and nylon filters in series behind denuders to collect HNO$_3$, HNO$_2$, SO$_2$and NH$_3$. From this study. the mean concentration of particulate nitrate of PM$_{2.5}$ in the ADS were seen with the following order: winter (5.05) ＞fall (4.36) ＞spring (3.92) > summer (1.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥). Nitrate losses, which calculated from the ratio of nylon filter nitrate to the sum of teflon and nylon filter nitrates, varied in the following manner summer (72.2%) > spring (42.6%) > fall (23.5%)> winter (0.4%). Especially, gaseous nitric acid was dominant at temperature higher than 8$^{\circ}C$ while particulate nitrate was major species in total nitrate below that temperature. This indicates the particulate nitrate loss is strongly correlated rather with ambient temperature.e.e.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

In this study a trickling filter system was developed by using polypropylene media and polypropylene nylon media that has recently been developed. The experiment analyzed an ability of water purification of the two plastic media and the effects of biomass on the final effluent. As recycling ratio increases, polypropylene nylon suspender showed higher efficiency by 20%; and, when media height was lengthened twice, efficiency increased about 10%. EPS and biomass increased in proportion to the increase of recycling ratio, and bound-TOC showed a similar trend with bound-EPS (extra-cellular polymeric substances) concentration.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact that temperature and relative humidity have on the volatilization loss of particulate nitrate $(NO_3^-)$ from Teflon filters during measurements of ambient fine particles $(PM_{2.5})$. Fine particles $(d_p<2.5{\mu}m)$ were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) at four representive areas in Seoul. The measurements were made during 28 different days at 24-hr sampling intervals from February 14 to October 15, 1997. In this study, nitrate losses. calculated by the ratio of nitrate on the nylon filter to their sum in both Teflon and nylon titters, varied seasonally in the following order: summer (45.5%) > spring (23.8%) > fall (20.6%) > winter (19.7%). The results showed strong correlations with temperature, but we did not observe any significant effects of relative humidity. However, we observed that both temperature and relative humidity influenced the ambient gas/particle nitrate ratio in a different case study using a denuder.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2024

The use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) has greatly improved the quantification of harmful protists, outperforming traditional methods like quantitative PCR. Notably, ddPCR provides enhanced consistency and reproducibility at it resists PCR inhibitors commonly found in environmental DNA samples. This study aimed to determine the most effective filter material for ddPCR protocols by assessing the reproducibility of species-specific gene copy numbers and filtration time across six filter types: cellulose acetate (CA), mixed cellulose ester (MCE), nylon (NY), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The study used two species of Chattonella marina complexes as a case study. Filtration rates were slower for NY, PC, and PVDF filters. Moreover, MCE, NY, PES, and PVDF yielded lower DNA amounts than other filters. Importantly, the CA filter exhibited the lowest variance (38-39%) and the highest determination coefficients (R² = 0.92-0.96), indicating superior performance. These findings suggest that the CA filter is the most suitable for ddPCR quantification of marine protists, offering quick filtration and reliable reproducibility.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1992

A study on the formation of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ and gaseous nitrate$(HNO_3)$ in the atmosphere was carried out in Seoul from Oct 8 to 11 1991. To collect $NO_3^-$ and $HNO_3$ in the ambient air, dual filter pack sampler (47mm$\phi$) was used. In the dual filter pack sampler, the first filter was Teflon filter (poresize 1$\mum$) for collection of $NO_3^-$ and the second filter was Nylon filter (poresize 0.45 $\mum$) for $HNO_3$. Particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ and Sulfate ions were analysed by Ion chromatography. $HNO_3$ concentration was higher in the day time $(9.93\mug/m^3)$ than the night time$(3.50\mug/m^3)$, and Particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ concentration was higher in the night time and early morning$(6.21\mug/m^3)$ than the day time$(4.31\mug/m^3)$. The conversion rate of $NO_x$ to total nitrate$(NO_3^-, HNO_3)$ was 7.57%/hr in the day time and 4.79%/hr in the night time, and total average conversion rate was 5.60%/hr.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

One technique for determining dry acid deposition fluxes involves measurement of time - averaged ambient concentrations of dry acid deposition species using filter packs (FP) coupled with estimates of mean deposition velocities for the exposure period. A critical problem associated with filter pack data comparisons between various field sampling networks is the use of diverse sampling flow rates and duration protocols. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of varying sampling flow rates, from 1.5 to 10 standard liters per minute, on total nitrate and sulfate measurements of specific dry acid deposition species . Collocated FP samplers were used to determine sampling and analysis data reproducibility and representativeness . Ambient air samples were simultaneously collected using groups of filter packs operated at various flow rates over identical 7 day periods. The species measured were sulfur dioxide, particulate sulfate , nitric acid and particulate nitrate. Statistical results (ANOVA; alpha level 5%) showed that neither the low nor high sampling flow rates caused a significant difference in the measurements of total sulfate and adjusted total nitrate (ATN) . However, it was concluded that for high flow rate sampling measurements, total nitrate (TN) could be affected during extended sampling durations because of potential nitric acid overloading and breakthrough. Although the previous workers (Costello, 1990; Quillian, 1990) used much higher sampling flow rates (~ 17 sLpm) than employed here, it was assumed that for a high loading (> 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ HNO$_3$) of nitric acid on the Nylon filters, a significant fraction (~10%) of nitric acid could pass through the Nylon filters and be collected on the carbonate impregnated filters. It was concluded that even at the highest sampling flow rate employed (10 sLpm) at the Cary Forest site, nitric acid breakthrough was less than 10% of the total HNO$_3$ collected. However, for a heavily polluted urban airshed or with longer sampling times , higher filter loadings could result in substantial nitric acid breakthrough and HNO$_3$concentrations would be underestimated.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.705-714
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• 1995

란탄이온의 특성 발광선 세기가 Nylon Membrane상에서 증폭되는 현상을 이용하여 $Eu^{+3}$과 $Tb^{+3}$이온에 대한 고감도의 미량분석법에 대하여 연구아였다. 수용액(혹은 에탄올 용액) 상태에서의 $Eu^{+3}$과 $Tb^{+3}$두이온의 발광선의 세기에 비하여 주어진 용액 시료를 Nylon Membrane에 점적하면 이온의 방출선의 세기가 매우증가하였으며 특히 점적된 이온에 o-phenanthroline을 추가로 점적하면 방출선의 세기가 더욱 증가하는 증폭현상을 이용하여 $Eu6{+3}$과 $Tb^{+3}$이온의 검출한계를 용액 시료에 비하여 $10_7$배 이상 개선하였으며 이때의 검정곡선은 검출한계 근처에서 2-3 order의 선형범위(dynamic range)와 상관계수가 0.99 이상인 직선성을 나타냈으며 또한 TLC 방법에 비하여 10배정도의 검출한계 개선효과를 얻었다. 한편 o-phenanthroline의 변화에 따른 선세기의 변화를 관찰한 결과 -4몰비 정도에 최대의 선세기를 보였으며 그 이상에서는 일정한 선세기를 나타내었는데 이런한 발광증폭의 이론적인 배경으로 착물내의 리간드와 란탄이온 사이의 energytransfer mechanism을 설명하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2012

Applying an external electric field across air filter media is one of methods to improve the filtration performance. Metal wire meshes have been commonly used as electrodes situated on both sides of a thick filter pad. For a thin filter medium a short circuit, known as the biggest drawback for applying an external electric field to air filter, can occur at the closest point between electrodes. In this study several types of insulated meshes were prepared by coating #50 meshes with a dielectric material, Nylon 66, and the filtration property of air filter was evaluated at the presence of external electric field using those insulated meshes as electrodes and compared with that of filters using bared meshes. The collection efficiency of tested filter was increased from 78% to 95% for singly charged 100 nm particles by application of external electric field. As a result, there was no significant difference in collection efficiency between filters with insulated and bared electrodes. Similar results could be also seen from the tests using polydisperse particles. Finally, through this study, we found that the insulation of mesh electrodes doesn't affect the filtration performance of fibrous air filter under external electric field.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2009

In this study, Nylon 6,6 electrospun (ES) nanofiber filter media were prepared at various spinning conditions. The ES filters tested had no intrinsic electrical charges. The ES filters were triboelectrically charged in the course of filter sample handling, and the charge was drastically decayed in a few hours. On the other hand, the corona charged melt blown filter media showed a permanent electrical charge. The electrical charge state of the ES filters was also examined by comparing collection efficiencies of ES filters for uncharged and charged aerosol particles.