• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2009

It is known that Korean pregnant women take iron supplements at a higher than the recommended level. This study was designed to provide data on current iron intake levels both from food sources and supplement to better guide iron supplement use during pregnancy. We also explored associations of iron supplement intake levels with various sociocultural factors and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of 510 pregnant women were assessed by a validated 102-item food frequency questionnaire, and information on types and amounts of nutritional supplement intakes were also attained. While dietary intake levels of most nutrients exceeded the KDRIs (Korea Dietary Reference Intakes: EAR: Estimated Average Requirements), folate fell short of the KDRIs. A total of 428 women (83.9%) reported to take iron supplement. The pregnant women were divided into the three groups (group I: Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ EAR, group II: EAR < Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ 3 times of EAR, group III: 3 times of EAR < Fe supplement intake). The mean dietary intake of iron was 24% of the total iron intake for pregnant women. Iron intake from food was not significantly different among I, II, and III. In case of iron intake from supplements, the most frequent dose (34.1%) was 90-100 mg/day, and the mean iron supplement intake was 362% of the EAR. The study findings showed that those with higher levels of iron supplements had better meal quality measured by NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and INQ (Index of Nutrient Quality). In addition iron supplement intake levels were significantly related to age (20s: 66.5 ${\pm}$ 38.6 mg/day, 30s: 77.3 ${\pm}$ 47.8 mg/day, p < 0.0116) and experience of childbirth (1st pregnancy: 70.9 ${\pm}$ 41.2 mg/day, 2nd pregnancy: 64.5 ${\pm}$ 39.5 mg/day, ${\ge}$ 3rd pregnancy: 94.4 ${\pm}$ 63.8 mg/day, p < 0.005). However, no significant difference was found between iron supplement intake levels and various pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, birth height, gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy, and jaundice. It is worrisome that iron intake by supplement use greatly exceeded the EAR, suggesting the need of appropriate guidelines for iron supplement intake during pregnancy. Thus iron overdose from supplements in pregnancy should be considered as a serious condition.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2023

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for sustained weight reduction, and it can result in substantial improvements in the severity of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and quality of life. However, sleeve gastrectomy, a weight loss surgery that removes two-thirds of the stomach, reduces appetite and nutrient absorption, impairing digestion and the absorption of nutrients like iron, vitamin B₁₂, and protein-bound nutrients. This case study aims to demonstrate that patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy require long-term and periodic monitoring of biochemical data, weight changes, and caloric and protein intake by a professional nutritionist to prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. In this case study, a 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with morbid obesity, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, and chronic gastritis. At initial evaluation, she was 160 cm tall and weighed 89 kg, with a body mass index of 34.8 kg/m². At 1 postoperative year, she consumed 650 kcal and 25 g of protein per day, the percentage of excess weight loss was 141.1%, and body mass index was 21 kg/m². Compared to preoperative levels, calcium and folic acid levels did not decrease after 1 postoperative year, but hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin B₁₂ levels decreased. In conclusion, when patients experience rapid weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy, follow-up should be frequent and long. Dietary education should be conducted according to digestive symptoms, and oral nutritional supplements, including vitamins and minerals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inadequate nutrition in infants and young children affects physical growth and neurocognitive development. Therefore, early nutritional intervention is important to promote catch-up growth in young children with faltering growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional supplementation with a pediatric concentrated and balanced nutritional supplement formula on promoting growth and improving nutritional status in children with nonorganic faltering growth. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 12-36 months whose body weight-for-age was < 5^th percentile on the Korean Growth Charts were enrolled. Children born premature or having organic diseases were excluded. Children were instructed to consume 400 mL of formula per day in addition to their regular diet for 6 months. Pediatricians and dietitians educated the parents and examined the subjects every 2 months. Anthropometric parameters were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months, and laboratory tests were done at baseline and 6 months. The good consumption group included children who consumed ≥ 60% of the recommended dose of formula. RESULTS: Total 82 children completed the 6-month intervention. At baseline, there were no significant differences in all variables between the good consumption and poor consumption groups. Weight and weight z-scores were significantly improved in the good consumption group compared to the poor consumption group at the end of the intervention (P = 0.009, respectively). The good consumption group showed a significant trend for gaining weight (P < 0.05) and weight z-score (P < 0.05) compared to the poor consumption group during 6 months of formula intake. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen was significantly increased in the good consumption group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional supplementation with a concentrated and balanced pediatric nutritional formula along with dietary education might be an effective approach to promote catch-up growth in children with nonorganic faltering growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of replacing inorganic copper, zinc and manganese with different levels of organic complexes of the same trace minerals on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in broilers were investigated. Two-hundred Ross-308 one-day-old broiler chickens were placed on controlled diets until 42 d of age. The experimental animals were divided into four groups comprising three experimental groups and one control group, each consisting of 50 chickens. All groups were also divided into five subgroups each containing 10 broiler chicks. The mineral content of the control group diet was controlled using a standard inorganic mineral premix with supplement levels and sources of trace minerals typical of commercial broiler diets according to the National Research Council (NRC) (containing 8 mg Cu as $CuSO_4$, 40 mg Zn as $ZnSO_4$, and 60 mg Mn as MnO, per kg). In the experimental diets, mineral premix was also comprised of inorganic formulations, except for those of Cu, Zn and Mn. Organically-complexed Cu, Zn, and Mn were separately added to the basal diet at 1/3 (L1), 2/3 (L2) and 3/3 (L3) levels with respect to the NRC recommendation, as Bioplex $Cu^{TM}$, Bioplex $Zn^{TM}$, Bioplex $Mn^{TM}$. At the end of the trial, the plasma Zn level significantly increased when the plasma Cu level significantly decreased (p<0.05) in chickens fed at 2/3 and 3/3 levels of organically complexed minerals. The liver trace mineral concentrations were significantly higher in chickens fed inorganic trace minerals in comparison to those fed organically-complexed minerals. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level of experimental chickens was decreased in groups receiving levels of organic Cu, Zn and Mn in comparison to those fed inorganic forms (p<0.01). The erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in all groups receiving the organic mineral supplements in comparison to those fed inorganic forms (p<0.01). No differences were observed on either the erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity or the plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels, and the liver MDA levels and liver CAT and SOD activities in any of the groups that received the organic supplements of Cu, Zn, and Mn. It was concluded that supplementation of lower levels of organically-complexed copper, zinc, and manganese instead of their inorganic forms in diets had no negative effects on the antioxidant defense system in broilers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5695-5699
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• 2012

We investigated the relationships between demographics, lifestyle characteristics, and serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration and examined the population-based distribution of total PSA by age among 2,246 Korean men with a median age of 45 years. We obtained data about demographic and lifestyle characteristics based on self-reporting using a quetionnaire. We also performed physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measurements. The PSA concentration increased with age and there was a significant difference in total PSA concentration between the age groups of 21-60 years and >60 years. Age >60 years, height ${\geq}1.8$ m, a low frequency of alcohol consumption, and taking nutritional supplements showed a significantly increased odds ratio for increased PSA when 3.0 ng/mL was chosen as the PSA cut-off level. Smoking status, BMI, percent body fat, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, herbal medicine use, vitamin use, and diet were not significantly associated with total PSA regardless of the cut-off level. When interpreting a single PSA test, height, alcohol consumption, and nutritional supplement use should be considered, in addition to age.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2015

The juvenile red variant of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is distributed worldwide. It is a valuable food source in Korea, China, and Japan. Major issues in farming the juvenile red variant sea cucumber include growth rates and disease resistance. In recent years, studies have focused on feed additives to enhance immune system and health. In this study, we used a common diet (CD), a nutritional diet (ND; mixed nutritional supplements), and an immunity diet (ID; mixed probiotics, spirulina, and levan) and compared the growth rates and immunity of juvenile red variant sea cucumbers fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks. The growth and survival rates in the ID group were significantly increased (P>0.05). This suggests that the feed additives positively influenced immunity and growth in the ID group. However, the immune activity was exhibit a stabilizing effect, and further investigation of immune effects is required.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.567-586
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• 2001

Gastrointestinal tract of ruminants as well as monogastric animals are colonised by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Gastrointestinal ecosystem, especially the rumen is emerging as an important source for enrichment and natural selection of microbes adapted to specific conditions. It represents a virtually untapped source of novel products (e.g. enzymes, antibiotics, bacteriocins, detoxificants and aromatic compounds) for industrial and therapeutic applications. Several gastrointestinal bacteria and fungi implicated in detoxification of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) can be modified and manipulated into promising system for detoxifying feed stuffs and enhancing fibre fermentation both naturally by adaptation or through genetic engineering techniques. Intestinal lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and butyrivibrios are being thoroughly investigated and widely recommended as probiotics. Restriction endonucleases and native plasmids, as stable vectors and efficient DNA delivery systems of ruminal and intestinal bacteria, are increasingly recognised as promising tools for genetic manipulation and development of industrially useful recombinant microbes. Enzymes can improve the nutrient availability from feed stuffs, lower feed costs and reduce release of wastes into the environment. Characterization of genes encoding a variety of commercially important enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, $\beta$-glucanases, pectinases, amylases and phytases will foster the development of more efficacious and viable enzyme supplements and enzyme expression systems for enhancing livestock production.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare weight control behaviour, eating habits, and health-related life habits according to degree of obesity among normal, overweight, and obese groups. Self-perception of weight and desire for weight control in males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.001) varied among the three groups. Reasons (p<0.001), experience (p<0.01), and method of weight control (p<0.05) were different among the three female groups, whereas males did not show any differences. Intake of nutritional supplements in the male obese group was higher compared to other groups (p<0.01), whereas eating habits were not significantly different among the three groups for both males and females. Food habits score for intake of fruits, milk, and yogurt were higher in females than males (p<0.001). Correlation coefficients of food habits score and anthropometric measurements showed that hip circumference was negative for intake of fruits in males, whereas RBW and BMI were positive for food combination, intake of bean products, and fishes in females (p<0.05). Frequency and fitting exercise in the obese female group were lower than in the other groups (p<0.01). Therefore, proper nutritional education for obese individuals is recommended proper self-perception of weight, good food habits, and regular exercise.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.80-99
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• 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to review clinical studies conducted over the last ten years that investigated weight or fat loss interventions that can preserve muscle or fat-free mass in Sarcopenic obesity Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and Korea Studies Information Service (KISS) were searched for Randomized clinical trials that had investigated all-type of interventions on the management of sarcopenic obesity from October 2013 to September 2023. Results: A total of 14 studies met all the inclusion criteria. Interventions that increase muscle mass while reducing body fat at the same time included resistance training (including using elastic bands) and whole-body electromyostimulation(WB-EMS) in exercise intervention and Hypocaloric high-protein diet in nutritional intervention, exercise and nutritional combined intervention, and combination intervention of electrical acupuncture and amino acid supplementation. Among them, the most positive method of changing the body composition in sarcopenic obesity was the electric acupuncture and amino acid supplements. Conclusion: Varying diagnostic criteria and management interventions for sarcopenic obesity in the included studies made it hard to maintain homogeneity across the studies. Well-defined criteria for diagnostic sarcopenic obesity should be considered. In addition, since all of the interventions examined did not show sufficient clinical effectiveness, follow-up studies are needed to confirm effective interventions for sarcopenic obesity patients in the future.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.444-450
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• 2018

본 연구는 유방암 환자의 식행동 수정을 위한 영양중재 효과판정을 위해 전문가 설문을 통한 통계분석으로 진행하였다. 연구의 대상은 2015년 12월부터 2016년 5월까지 강남세브란스병원에서 유방절제수술을 받은 30명의 여성 환자였다. 연구방법은 숙련된 임상영양사가 영양중재 전후 식행동 수정 및 체중 변화를 측정하였고, 운동, 음주 및 건강보조식품 복용여부에 대해서도 조사하였다. 연구결과 본 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 $54.3{\pm}9.3$세이었고, 월평균 체중감소율은 $1.4{\pm}3.5%$이었다. 영양중재 전후 식행동 수정변화 점수는 3점 척도로 측정 시 $2.00{\pm}0.45$ 점에서 $2.76{\pm}0.18$ 점으로 유의하게 상승하는 결과를 보였다(p<0.001). 음주를 하는 환자의 비율은 20%에서 영양중재 후 전원 금주하는 효과를 보였고, 운동수행 비율도 53%에서 영양중재 후 97%로 증가하였다. 건강보조식품의 복용 비율은 40%에서 영양중재 후 20%로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 고려해 볼 때, 유방암환자의 영양중재 후 식행동 수정은 추후 유방암의 재발을 방지하는데 매우 중요하다고 사료된다.