• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2071-2078
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• 2018

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight, which results in severe economic damage to rice farms. Xoo produces biofilms for pathogenesis and survival both inside and outside the host. Biofilms, which are important virulence factors, play a key role in causing the symptoms of Xoo infection. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional conditions for biofilm formation by Xoo. Although Xoo biofilm formation may be initiated by interactions with the host, Xoo biofilm cannot mature without the support of favorable nutritional conditions. Nitrogen sources inhibited Xoo biofilm formation by overwhelming the positive effect that cell growth has on it. However, limited nutrients with low amino acid concentration supported biofilm formation by Xoo in the xylem sap rather than in the phloem sap of rice.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2022

The essentiality of zinc for animals has been recognized over 80 years. Zinc is an essential trace element that is a component of many enzymes and is associated with the various hormones. Apart from the nutritional function, zinc has antimicrobial property and often be supplemented in diets in the quantities greater than which is required to meet the nutritional requirement, especially for weaning pigs. This review will focus on the application of pharmacological zinc and its mechanisms which may be responsible for the effects of zinc on performance and health of monogastric animals. Various novel sources of zinc in non-ruminant animal production will also be discussed. These should assist in more precisely formulating feed to maximize the production performance and to maintain the health condition of monogastric animals.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.256-259
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• 1998

The association of menarche and nutritional status was studied in 116 female students of the 6 th grade in a rural primary school. Participants were divided into two groups based on menarcheal status. The anthropometric data showed that mean heights and weights of menarcheal group on two occasions were significantly higher than those of the other group (p<0.01). Neither hemoglobin levels nor hematocrit values for determination of anemia were not associated with menarche. Twenty four hour dietary recall revealed that young females with menarche consumed less energy and Ca compared to the other group. Ca intake was 34.8% of RDA in menarcheal group. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and include education programs for nutritional needs and food sources of Ca, targeting rural residents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.479-492
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the foods intake as well as nutrients intake, 2) the nutritional knowledge, and 3) the relations between the foods and nutrients intakes and nutritional knowledge in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts (RGs). The results are summarized as follows. Average daily intakes of energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$ vitamin B$_2$ and niacin were in 45-74％ of the RDAs for Koreans. Average daily energy intake was only about 50％ of energy expenditure by physical activities. Average daily intakes of each food group were generally lower, but intakes of breads and confectionaries, sugar and sweets, milks and dairy products, and instant foods were higher in the RGs compared to the nonathletic students of the same age from the National Health and Nutrition Suvey. The contribution of empty-calorie foods such as breads and confectionaries, beverage and instant foods to the major energy nutrients were high. Mean of total nutritional knowledge score of RGs was 28.4 of total score 50. In categorical score of nutritional knowledge, the RGs make a best score on food sources and they get the lowest marks for food exchange. Among the nutrients, intakes of crude fiber, animal Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, carotene, vitamin B$_1$ niacin and vitamin C and, among the food groups, intakes of mushrooms, fruits and meats had relations with one of the total or categorical nutritional knowledge scores in the RGs. In conclusion, nutritional status of adolescent RGs was poor due to their unbalanced diet composed of empty-calorie foods, and their undesirable food intake pattern was supposed to be related to the low nutritional knowledge score of them. These results indicate that the RGs should be given more nutritional knowledge to improve their nutritional status and the exercise performance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.941-949
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• 2020

This study evaluated the nutritional value of Italian ryegrass (IRG) as a forage source for Hanwoo. The nutritional value of IRG was assessed and compared to that of rice straw, oat hay, and timothy hay using two different methods: 1) in vitro ruminal fermentation 2) in vivo total tract digestibility. In vitro DM digestibility was lower in rice straw compared to the other three forage sources after both 24 and 48 h of incubation (p < 0.01). Among the four forage sources, IRG had a higher NH3-N concentration after both 24 and 48 h of incubation (p < 0.01). In the in vivo digestibility trials, four different substrates were used: 1) 80% concentrate with 20% rice straw, 2) 80% concentrate with 20% oat hay, 3) 80% concentrate with 20% IRG, and 4) 80% concentrate with 20% timothy hay. The dry matter, crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrate, and detergent fiber digestibility were the greatest in the C80-IRG20 among the four forage groups. In summary, IRG had a similar level of energy efficiency compared to oat hay and timothy hay. Furthermore, the result of the chemical composition analysis showing a higher ammonia concentration in the in vitro fermentation experiment and the high protein digestibility in the in vivo experiment indicate that IRG is a good source of protein compared to oat hay and timothy hay.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of com gluten (CG) and its hydrolysate consumptions on weight reduction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were fed a high-fat diet (40% calorie as fat) for 4 weeks. They were then randomly divided into four groups and fed the isocaloric diets with different protein sources for 8 weeks. The protein sources were casein (control group), intact CG (CG group), CG hydrolysate A (CGHA group, 30% of protein as peptides and 70% as free amino acids) and CG hydrolysate P (CGHP group, 93% of protein as peptides and 7% as free amino acids). Body weight gain, adipose tissue weights, nitrogen balance, absorptions of energy, protein and fat, lipid profiles in plasma, liver and feces and hepatic activities of camitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were assessed. The CGHA diet had the highest amount of BCAAs, especially leucine, and most of them existed as free amino acid forms. The CGHA group showed significant weight reduction and negative nitrogen balance. Protein absorption and apparent protein digestibility in the CGHA group were significantly lower than those in other groups. Adipose tissue weights were the lowest in the CGHA group. Activity of CPT tended to be higher in the CGHA group than in other groups and those of FAS, ME and G6PDH were significantly lower in the CGHA group than in other groups. In conclusion, the CGHA diet which had relatively high amounts of free amino acids and BCAAs, especially leucine, had a weight reduction effect by lowering adipose tissue weight and the activities of FAS, ME and G6PDH in experimental animals, but it seemed to be a negative result induced by lowering protein absorption, increasing urinary nitrogen excretion and protein catabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.770-777
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• 2001

This study investigated nutritional status and eating behaviors among 59 nephritic patients with mild kidney malfunction in Korea. Nutritional status was measured by blood analysis and 1-3 day dietary recall and records, and eating behaviors were assessed by a questionnaire. Mean Body Mass Index(BMI) was within the normal range, while 21% and 14% of the patients were underweight and overweight, respectively. They received nutrition information mainly from doctors, nurses and mass media, but rarely from nutrition professionals. A quarter of patients skipped breakfast at least 3 times per 12% of the patients, respectively. Energy intake of 83% of the patients was less than the recommended level. Protein intakes of 56% of them were either under or over the recommended levels. Patients had low vitamin B$_2$ and calcium(<75% of the RDA) and excessive phosphorus(138% RDA) and vitamin C(170% RDA). Major food sources to absolute nutrient intakes were similar to those for the average Koreas, except for milk. Milk intake was low in our patients. Dietary quantity and quality were associated positively with BMI, albumin, and HDL-cholesterol and negatively with triglycerides and BUN. Results of this study indicate low nutritional status of the patients and, in turn a need for conducting nutritional education or counselling at regular at regular basis for the nephritic patients with mild kidney malfunction.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional knowledge and eating behavior of elementary school senior students in Incheon area and to develope education program appropriate for them. Questionnaire was developed and distributed to 551 fifth and sixth grade students of fourteen elementary schools in Incheon area. The data was analyzed using ANOVA. According to the results on nutritional knowledge and attitude, senior students were aware of major sources of some nutrients, but didn't seemed to know about the role of some nutrients. Nevertheless, it was favorable that they took various food from major food groups. But the proportion of students skipping breakfast and taking instant food was high. Their table etiquette was not good at home, but attitude for food hygiene was comparatively good. They recognized Korean traditional food more nutritious than fast food. Even though they understood what was right for eating behavior, they didn't practice it correctly. From these results, it seemed that follow-up study or intervention is necessary to improve nutritional knowledge and eating behavior of the students. Qualified teachers, nutrition specialists, are required in order to develop and apply systematic nutrition education program for correcting inappropriate eating behavior of the students. Furthermore, nutrition education for their parents will be more effective.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of high-carbohydrate (HC) or high-fat (HF) diet with hydroxycitric acid (HCA)-containing Garcinia cambogia in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups and raised with experimental diets containing different HCA levels (0, 1.6, and 3.2%) and calorie sources (carbohydrate, fat) for 8 weeks. Energy intake was significantly reduced in rats fed a HC diet with HCA compared to the HC diet without HCA. Body weight gain was significantly reduced in HCA groups. In the diet groups, plasma total lipid and triglyceride (TG) levels of the HCA groups were significantly lower than those of the group without HCA. There were no significant differences in energy intake and plasma lipid profile in HF groups. These results suggest that HC diet with HCA was more effective in the reduction of energy intake, body weight gain, and plasma lipid contents than those of HF diet with HCA.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

A community-based longitudinal study was conducted in the Manya Krobo District of the Eastern Region of Ghana with the objective of assessing how caregiving practices influence nutritional status of young children in Ghana. The study subjects were one hundred mothers with infants between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Each child was visited at home monthly for a period of six months. On each visit, information was collected on caregiver household and personal hygiene, child's immunization status, child's dietary diversity, caregiver responsiveness during feeding, caregiver hygienic practices related to feeding and child's weight and length. At the end of the study, summary scores were generated for each variable and quality of care practice determined based on their distribution. Classification of child nutritional status was based on z-scores for both weight-for-age and length-for-age. The results revealed that caregivers who exhibited better quality of care practice had well-nourished children. Such caregivers were more likely to practice good household and personal hygiene than those of poorly nourished children (97.1% vs 31.8%, p<0.001). They were also more likely to complete their children's immunization schedules (88.2% vs 62.2%, p<0.001), provide good quality diets from highly diversified sources (79% vs 23%, p<0.001), exhibit high responsiveness during feeding (100% vs 22.7%, p<0.001) and feed under hygienic conditions (100% vs 22.7%, p<0.001). Based on the findings it was concluded that good caregiving practices are associated with improved child nutritional status.