• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2018

Cheese consumption has been gradually increased in China. However, both the manufacturing process of cheese and the utilization of its main by-product were not well developed. Based on the sensory evaluation, Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was performed in the present study to optimize the cheese processing, which was proved more suitable for Chinese. The optimal parameters were: rennet 0.052 g/L, start culture 0.025 g/L and $CaCl_2$ 0.1 g/L. The composition analysis of fresh bovine milk and whey showed that whey contained most of the soluble nutrients of milk, which indicated that whey was a potential resource of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Thus, the cAMP was isolated from whey, the results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the macroporous adsorption resins (MAR) D290 could increase the concentration of cAMP from $0.058{\mu}mol/mL$ to $0.095{\mu}mol/mL$. We firstly purified the cAMP from the whey, which could become a new source of cAMP.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a system for analyzing nutrition status based on hierarchical fuzzy inference approach, where the hierarchical fuzzy approach used to analyze the transition process on the nutritional status from an obesity degree, the previous nutritional status, and the eating pattern with an individual. Moreover we discussed about the selection method of fuzzy membership intervals of the next layer to improve the reliability of inference results in hierarchical fuzzy system, where their intervals are modified by using statistical information of the defuzzified results obtained from the previous layer. To show the effectiveness of this system, we evaluated the nutritional status from the information of anthropometric measurement, biochemical test, and INQ on 113 people over the age of 65, and also analyzed their nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1508-1521
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the menu served in business & industry contract foodservice by assessing nutritional value and by using menu-engineering technique from managers' view point. CAN-Pro program and Kasavana k Smith's Menu Engineering technique were used to evaluate the nutritional value and menu analysis, respectively. The data were analyzed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Analysis. As the result of nutritional value of lunch menu, all nutrient contents per meal were higher than a third of Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA), But there was no problem when 20∼30% of plate waste was considered. Carbohydrate : Protein fat ratio was 62.7 : 16.4 : 20.8. Because animal : vegetable source ratios of protein, fat, calcium, iron were 44 : 56, 42 : 58, 22 : 78, 24 : 76, respectively, animal sources of calcium and iron needed to be supplemented. Plural set menus of A site were classified as STAR, PUZZLE, PLOWHORSE, DOG by Menu engineering technique. Set menus and soups & pot-stews among cafeteria menus in C site were operated properly without DOG and PUZZLE item. Side dishes of fishes, meats 8t eggs among cafeteria menus in C site were, for the most part, classified as STAR item, and side dishes of vegetables & salads and noodles among cafeteria menus in C site were STAR, PUZZLE, and DOG items. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1508-1521, 1998)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2015

The present study was performed to evaluate food behavior and nutritional status of children in a community child center using nutrition quotient according to age and growth index of children. The number of subjects enrolled in this study was 152 including 73 boys and 79 girls. Participants consisted of children from 5 to 12 years old, who visited a community child center in the area. Growth index was assessed through body mass index by height and weight and examined according to age. Subjects were divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to questionnaire, which consisted of five categories including balance, diversity, moderation, regularity and practice, were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. Current results show significant differences in the diversity and regularity (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, four items in the form of 10 questions showed significant differences related to habits of sodium-related food intake. This study design will be a useful tool in the evaluation of food behavior and nutritional status of preschoolers or elementary school children in community child centers, together with food frequency questionnaires related with sodium food intake.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.513-528
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate menu pattern and nutritional contents of snack menus provided by child care information centers in Seoul. Snack menus during March 2013 (morning snack : 125 cases, afternoon snack : 100 cases), including information on portion size, were collected from five child care information centers, after which the number of menu items, menu patterns, and nutritional contents were analyzed. About two-thirds of total snack menus included two menu items. There were significant differences in service time (morning & afternoon snacks). 'Beverage+Food' pattern (66.7%) was the most commonly used; 'Beverage' pattern was significantly higher in morning snacks (10.4%) than in afternoon snacks (1.0%). Morning and afternoon snacks provided 124.5 and 170.6 kcal of energy and 116.4 and 90.9 mg of calcium, respectively, which are 8.9% and 12.2% as well as 19.4%, and 15.2% of children's daily energy and calcium requirements. To improve the quality of food and nutrition offered to children through snacks at child carre centers, a more detailed snack menu plan as well as nutritional guidelines for institutions should be developed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.136-152
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• 2024

Purpose: A comprehensive evaluation item was developed to assess adolescent dietary habits and nutritional practices, considering food intake, eating behaviors, and food culture, such as social support and food environment. Methods: The 59 candidate items of the evaluation checklist were obtained based on the results of the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, Korea Dietary Reference Intakes, dietary guidelines for adolescents, Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, national nutrition policies and dietary guidelines, and literature reviews. Four hundred and three middle and high school students residing in metropolitan areas participated in a survey using the 58-item checklist, which was selected through expert evaluation and content validity ratio analysis. The construct validity of the assessment tool for the quality of adolescent diets was assessed by exploratory factor analyses to determine if the checklist items were organized properly and whether the responses to each item were distributed adequately. Results: The Bartlett sphericity test was significant for each area (p <0.001), and the eigen values were greater than one. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and cumulative proportions by areas were food intake (0.765 and 56.8%, respectively), eating behaviors (0.544 and 64.8%, respectively), and food environment (0.699 and 62.4%, respectively). Twenty-two checklists were determined for the final evaluation items for the adolescents' dietary habits and nutritional practices and were categorized into three distinct factors: food intake (10 items), eating behaviors (4 items), and food environment (8 items). Conclusion: The evaluation items for adolescent dietary habits and nutritional practices is a useful checklist for easily and quickly assessing the dietary qualities and reflecting Korean adolescents and their food environmental factors related to a sustainable diet.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.660-672
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habit and nutritional status by household income in female adults, using data from the $4^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009). Subjects were 8,356 women over the age of 20 years. The subjects were classified into 4 groups by household income level. Dietary data from 24 hr recall methods were used to analyze nutritional status. The obesity rate of the low income group was significantly higher than the rates of other income groups. Additionally, the nutritional status of the low income group was worse than those of other groups. The percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake was higher and food security status was lower in the low income group than in other groups. Awareness and adherence to dietary guidelines were also lower in the low income group. Adherence to a dietary guideline of 'avoiding salty foods and trying to eat foods with bland taste' and 'eating a variety of foods from each food group' were lower than those of other groups. However, the frequency of skipping breakfast among the low income group was lower than that of others. Therefore, this study suggested that low income women should decrease the percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake and adhere to dietary guidelines, especially those of avoiding salty foods and eating a variety of food groups, in order to improve their nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.864-872
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• 2000

This study intended to evaluate the validity of the simple nutrition screening test that had been developed with the elderly living in Cheongju as a subject. Nutrition screening score(NSS) and reference standards for nutritional and health status(nutrient intakes, mean adequacy ratio, perceive health, and serum albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) were estimated by using the date obtained in 1996 from the 174 elderly living in Taejon, Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and NSS(r=0.341) and also between NSS and biological indices such as albumin and hematocrit, Around 65-75% of the elderly with perceive health and low level of serum albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit had NSS$\leq$ll. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values(PPV) were calculated from the crosstabulation of the three categories of NSS(high, moderate, and low nutritional risk) and low categories MAR(< 0.75, undernutrition;$\geq$0.75, normal) to validate the cut-off point for high or low nutritional risk by NSS. It was suggested that point l1 was appropriate as a criterion to determine high risk of undernutrition, but point 16 was better than 17 as criterion to determine low nutritional risk in the Taejon elderly. When point ll was used as a criterion of high nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 59.5, 60.5 and 82.1 respectively. When point 16 was used as a criterion of low nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 25.6, 95.4, and 64.7%, respectively. In conclusion, nutrition screening test that had been developed can be a simple, easy, and proper instrument to classify the high risk group of undernutrition. A further validation study seems to be required among other groups of individuals for the screening test to the finalized as a more valid instrument identifying Korean elderly at nutrition and health risk(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 864-872, 2000)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.351-362
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• 2020

This study investigated the possibility of reducing sodium and sugar intake in the Bulgogi bowl and yogurt, respectively, by utilizing food and non-food factors. Sodium and sugar replacers were the target food factors, and eating environment was the target non-food factor. The sodium content of Bulgogi bowls was reduced by 40%, and a flavor enhancer was applied to compensate for the reduced saltiness. Low calorie sweeteners, such as sucralose and stevia, were used to lower the sugar content of yogurt by 30%. Consumers were asked to evaluate the samples in one of the three eating environments: private booth evaluation, BOOTH; watching video clips during evaluation, VIDEO; conversation with friends during evaluation, FRIEND. The results showed that applying sodium or sugar replacers were effective in lowering sodium or sugar intake, respectively, without compromising the acceptance level of samples. Significant influences of the eating environment were observed on liking and perception of samples, but the influence patterns were not consistent between Bulgogi bowl and yogurt.