Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Development of evaluation items for adolescents' dietary habits and nutritional practices reflecting eating behaviors and food environment

식행동, 식생활 환경을 반영한 청소년의 식생활·영양 실천 평가 항목 개발

  • Jimin Lim (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Hye Ji Seo (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Jieun Oh (College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University)
  • 임지민 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 서혜지 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 오지은 (이화여자대학교 신산업융합대학)
  • Received : 2023.11.09
  • Accepted : 2023.12.27
  • Published : 2024.02.28
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Abstract

Purpose: A comprehensive evaluation item was developed to assess adolescent dietary habits and nutritional practices, considering food intake, eating behaviors, and food culture, such as social support and food environment. Methods: The 59 candidate items of the evaluation checklist were obtained based on the results of the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, Korea Dietary Reference Intakes, dietary guidelines for adolescents, Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, national nutrition policies and dietary guidelines, and literature reviews. Four hundred and three middle and high school students residing in metropolitan areas participated in a survey using the 58-item checklist, which was selected through expert evaluation and content validity ratio analysis. The construct validity of the assessment tool for the quality of adolescent diets was assessed by exploratory factor analyses to determine if the checklist items were organized properly and whether the responses to each item were distributed adequately. Results: The Bartlett sphericity test was significant for each area (p <0.001), and the eigen values were greater than one. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and cumulative proportions by areas were food intake (0.765 and 56.8%, respectively), eating behaviors (0.544 and 64.8%, respectively), and food environment (0.699 and 62.4%, respectively). Twenty-two checklists were determined for the final evaluation items for the adolescents' dietary habits and nutritional practices and were categorized into three distinct factors: food intake (10 items), eating behaviors (4 items), and food environment (8 items). Conclusion: The evaluation items for adolescent dietary habits and nutritional practices is a useful checklist for easily and quickly assessing the dietary qualities and reflecting Korean adolescents and their food environmental factors related to a sustainable diet.

본 연구를 통해 개발된 청소년 식생활·영양 실천 평가 항목은 총 22개의 문항으로 청소년들이 개인의 전반적인 식사의 질 및 식행동, 식환경을 영역별로 평가 가능하며, 향후 청소년의 식생활 개선을 위한 평가 도구로 활용될 수 있다. 한국인을 위한 식생활 지침을 기반으로 청소년의 다양한 식생활, 식문화와 관련된 선행연구, 국민건강영양조사자료, 국가 정책 및 지침에 대한 검토와 전문가 대상 타당도 평가를 진행하여 58개의 수도권단위 예비 조사용 체크리스트 평가항목을 우선 선정하였다. 수도권단위 조사는 중·고등학생 403명을 대상으로 진행되었고, 조사 자료의 탐색적 요인분석 결과 식단의 질 평가항목을 식품섭취, 식행동, 식생활 환경 세 영역으로 분류하였다. 식사섭취실태와의 상관관계 분석을 통해 수렴타당도를 분석하고 최종 모형으로 총 22개의 평가항목이 도출되었다. 최종적으로 청소년 식단의 질 평가도구는 식품섭취 영역 10개 항목 (채소류, 황색채소, 생과일, 계란 및 육류, 콩과 견과류, 우유·유제품, 다양한 식품군, 가당음료, 가공육류, 튀김류), 식행동 영역 4개 항목 (유산소, 체중유지, 끼니섭취 횟수와 규칙적인 식사), 식생활 환경 영역 8개 항목 (유통기한, 덜어먹기, 로컬푸드, 친환경식품, 가정 내 신선한 과일채소, 유제품의 비치와 부모님의 식사준비 여부 및 건강한 간식 섭취의 격려)으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 청소년 식생활·영양 실천 평가 항목은 22개의 간단한 문항으로 청소년들이 개인의 전반적인 식사의 질 및 식행동, 식환경을 영역별로 점수 평가하는데 용이하다는 점에서 청소년의 식생활 개선을 위한 도구의 활용이 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by a grant (PJ017088) from Rural Development Administration in 2022.

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