• 제목/요약/키워드: Nutrition quotient

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Assessment of dietary quality and nutrient intake of obese children in Changwon area

  • Ji-Sook Park;Ha-Neul Choi;Jae-Young Kim;Sang-Hyuk Ma;Jung-Eun Yim
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제55권6호
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    • pp.630-641
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: In this study, we assessed the intake of nutrients and food groups and analyzed the nutrition quotient of obese children in South Korea. The hypothesis was that dietary quality and nutrient intake are related to the body mass index (BMI) of obese children. Methods: The participants included 48 children (20 boys and 28 girls). Based on the guidelines for the age-for-body mass index provided by the Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents, the participants were divided into 3 groups: overweight, BMI ≥ 85th percentile; obese, BMI ≥ 95th percentile; severely obese, BMI ≥ 99th percentile. Results: The energy distribution showed that the carbohydrate ratio was significantly higher in the overweight group (p < 0.01), whereas the fat ratio was significantly higher in the obese and severely obese groups (p < 0.05). Thus, in the overweight and obese groups, the percent body fat was negatively associated with the carbohydrate ratio (p < 0.05) but was positively associated with the fat ratio (p < 0.05). The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) data revealed that the intake levels of protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, and sodium were higher in all groups. Intakes of fiber, calcium, potassium, and magnesium were insufficient in all groups, and the DRI percent for protein was significantly higher in the obese and severely obese groups than in the overweight group. No significant differences were obtained in food group patterns or Nutrition Quotient (NQ) scores among the 3 groups. According to the evaluation results by food record and NQ, a significant difference was obtained in the dietary quality of obese children. Conclusion: We conclude that a higher intake of fat enhances weight gain. Based on the study results, we propose that the guidelines should consider the energy distribution of carbohydrate and fat intake to prevent and control obesity among Korean children.

Screen time, mealtime media use, and dietary behaviors in Korean preschoolers : a cross-sectional study

  • Young-Hee Han;Saerom Shin;Eun Yeol Woo;Hye-Kyung Park;Taisun Hyun
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.206-219
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: Screen time refers to the time spent using screen media, such as televisions, smartphones, computers, or tablets. Excessive exposure to screen media has been reported to negatively impact young children's health and development, including overweight, short sleep duration, and language delays. This study examined the association of screen time and mealtime media use with dietary behaviors among preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on parents of children aged three to five years using the online questionnaires of the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) and the Dietary Screening Test (DST). Data from 261 children's parents were analyzed. Results: Of the 261 children, 96.9% used screen media, 55.6% used screen media for two hours or more daily, and 30.7% were exposed to screen media during meals. The NQ-P scores were significantly lower in the children with longer screen time and mealtime media use. Children who used screen media for two hours or more and those exposed to screen media during meals consumed kimchi less frequently and confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages more frequently than children who used less than two hours and were not exposed to screen media during meals. In addition, they were more likely to be picky about food, refuse to eat, and less likely to feed themselves than children with shorter screen time and no mealtime media use. Conclusions: This study reported an association between unhealthy dietary behaviors, feeding difficulties, and screen time and mealtime media use among preschool children. Further research should explore effective strategies for reducing children's screen time.

취학전아동 대상 영양지수 개발 : 평가항목 선정과 구성 타당도 검증 (Development of nutrition quotient for Korean preschoolers (NQ-P): Item selection and validation of factor structure)

  • 이정숙;강명희;곽동경;정해랑;권세혁;김혜영;황지윤;최영선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.378-394
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 3~5세 취학전아동 대상 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers, NQ-P) 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 어린이의 식행동 및 영양섭취 관련 문헌, 국민건강영양조사 자료 분석 및 전문가 대상 심층면접을 통해 38개 후보평가항목을 선정한 후, 후보 평가항목 중 식품 및 영양소 섭취량을 잘 반영해 주는 평가항목을 선정하기 위해 어린이집 3~5세반 100명의 부모/보호자를 대상으로 식사섭취조사와 체크리스트 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 평가항목과 식품 및 영양소 섭취량, 식사다양성, 체질량지수와의 상관관계 분석 결과로부터 유의한 상관관계를 나타낸 평가항목과 영유아 식생활지침과 어린이 급식관리지침서 영양관리기준에 근거하여 20개 평가항목으로 구성된 체크리스트를 도출하였다. 영양지수 모형을 설정하기 위해 전국 어린이집 목록을 활용하여 조사 대상 어린이집을 기본 층화변수로 5개 권역을 설정하여 어린이집 수를 할당하고 어린이집 당 약 10명을 표본으로 하여 총 412명을 대상으로 조사를 수행하였다. 탐색적 요인분석과 확정적 요인분석에 의해 영양지수구조 모형에 포함된 평가항목은 14개였으며, 구조방정식모형을 통해 14개의 평가항목으로 구성된 영양지수의 구성타당도를 검증하고 가중치를 계산하였다. 전문가 자문에 의한 요인 검토와 조정을 거친 결과 영양지수는 3-factor structure로서 균형, 절제, 환경의 3 영역으로 구성되었다. '균형' 영역에는 콩제품, 생선, 고기, 채소, 흰 우유 섭취의 5개 평가항목, '절제' 영역에는 가공육류, 가공음료, 과자류, 패스트푸드 섭취의 4개 평가항목, 그리고 '환경' 영역에는 아침식사 빈도, 정해진 장소에서 식사, 식사 전 손씻기, 바른 식생활을 위한 노력 정도, TV시청 스마트폰 컴퓨터 사용시간 (screen time)의 5개 평가항목이 포함되었다. 영역별 가중치는 균형 0.45, 절제 0.30, 환경 0.25로 설정하였으며, 영역 내 항목 가중치는 표준화 경로계수를 활용하여 계산하였다. 전국 3~5세 취학전아동 (n = 412명)의 NQ-P 점수는 평균 60.64점 (중앙값: 60.84점, 최소값: 34.99점, 최대값: 88.72점)이었고, 영역별 평균 점수를 보면 균형 60.49점, 절제 51.49점, 환경 71.66점을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 NQ-P는 14개 문항의 체크리스트 설문 조사를 통하여 영양지수 점수는 물론, 균형, 절제, 환경의 3개 영역 (요인)의 점수를 산출할 수 있으며, 산출된 영양지수 점수와 영역 점수를 이용하여 어린이의 상대적인 NQ-P 등급을 부여하고, 영양상태 및 식사의 질에 대한 평가를 수행할 수 있다.

Food-related media use and eating behavior in different food-related lifestyle groups of Korean adolescents in metropolitan areas

  • SooBin Lee;Seoyoung Choi;Se Eun Ahn;Yoon Jung Park;Ji-Yun Hwang;Gaeun Yeo;Jieun Oh
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.687-700
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    • 2024
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between adolescent food-related lifestyles and food-related media use and eating behavior in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were 392 Korean adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 18, recruited via convenience sampling. They completed a self-report questionnaire survey consisting of questions about food-related lifestyle, food-related media use, food consumption behavior, food literacy, and nutrition quotient. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 29.0. (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: The factor analysis of food-related lifestyles identified four factors. Based on the cluster analysis results, participants were classified into three clusters reflecting different levels of interest: high interest in food, moderate interest in food, and low interest in food. The analysis revealed significant differences between groups in food-related liestyle factors (P < 0.05). Notably, the high-interest group demonstrated proactive engagement with food-related content, a willingness to explore diverse culinary experiences, and a conscientious consideration of nutritional labeling during food purchases. In contrast, the low-interest group reported tendencies toward overeating or succumbing to stimulating food consumption post-exposure to food-related content, coupled with a disregard for nutritional labeling when making food choices. A stronger inclination toward a food-related lifestyle was positively correlated with higher levels of food literacy and nutrition quotient. CONCLUSION: This study proposes that the implementation of a nutrition education program using media could effectively promote a healthy diet among adolescents with a high level of interest in their dietary habits. For adolescents with low interest in their dietary habits, it suggests that introducing an education program with a primary focus on enhancing food literacy could be beneficial in fostering a healthy diet. Our research findings provide insight for the development of tailored nutritional education programs and establishment of effective nutrition policies.

대전에 거주하는 미취학 아동의 식생활 평가 : 미취학 아동 대상 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers, NQ-P)를 이용하여 (Assessment of dietary behaviors among preschoolers in Daejeon: using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P))

  • 이혜진;김진희;송수진
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.194-205
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 취학전아동 대상 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers, NQ-P)를 이용하여 대전 지역에 거주하는 411명의 취학 전 아동을 대상으로 식행동을 평가하였다. 연구 대상자의 평균 NQ-P 점수는 $58.5{\pm}9.2$점으로, 전국 단위 조사 결과와 비교하였을 때 '중하' 등급에 해당한다. NQ-P 세 영역의 점수는 균형 영역은 $60.5{\pm}12.6$점, 절제 영역은 $50.2{\pm}15.7$점, 환경 영역은 $65.0{\pm}17.3$점으로, 각각 '중하', '중상', '중하' 등급에 해당한다. 성별에 따라 식행동을 평가하였을 때, 평균 NQ-P 점수는 남아는 $58.5{\pm}9.4$점, 여아는 $58.6{\pm}9.0$점으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 성별에 따른 세 영역의 점수도 모두 차이가 없었다. 연령 그룹에 따라 식행동을 비교한 결과, 평균 NQ-P 점수는 만 3~4세 아동에서 $57.8{\pm}9.4$점, 만 5~6세 아동에서 $59.2{\pm}9.0$점으로 차이가 없었다. 균형과 절제 영역은 연령그룹에 따라 점수 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 환경 영역은 만 5~6세 아동이 만 3~4세 아동보다 높은 점수를 얻었다 (67.9 vs. 61.7점). 비만도에 따라 NQ-P 점수와 균형, 환경 영역의 점수는 차이가 없었으나, 절제 영역의 점수는 과체중/비만인 아동에서 낮게 나타났다 (46.6 vs. 51.0점). 만 3~4세 아동과 비교했을 때, 만 5~6세 아동이 채소 반찬, 가공 육류의 섭취가 많은 편이었고, 식사 중 돌아다니지 않고 식탁 (밥상)에 앉아서 먹는 경향이 높았다. 과체중/비만인 아동은 가공 음료의 섭취 빈도가 높은 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 대전에 거주하는 미취학 어린이의 식행동 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 위해 효과적인 영양 교육이나 상담 등이 제공되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

노인 대상 영양지수 개발 : 평가항목 선정과 구성 타당도 검증 (Development of NQ-E, Nutrition Quotient for Korean elderly: item selection and validation of factor structure)

  • 정민재;곽동경;김혜영;강명희;이정숙;정해랑;권세혁;황지윤;최영선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.87-102
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 생애주기별 영양지수 중 노인 대상 영양지수(Nutrition Quotient for Elderly, NQ-E) 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 노인의 식행동과 영양섭취 관련 문헌, 국민건강 영양조사 자료, 국가 영양정책 및 권고사항, 전문가 대상 심층면접을 통해 식품섭취영역에서 18개 문항, 식행동 식습관 영역에서 23개 문항의 총 41개 문항으로 구성된 파일럿 조사용 체크리스트를 개발하였다. 노인 265명을 대상으로 1일의 식사섭취조사와 체크리스트 설문조사를 수행하고, 체크리스트 평가항목과 식사섭취조사 결과인 영양섭취 수준 간의 상관관계가 높은 24개 항목으로 전국단위 조사용 체크리스트를 도출하였다. 전국단위 조사는 주민등록인구통계자료를 활용하여 기본 층화변수로 6개 권역을 설정하여 권역별로 성별, 연령군별 노인 인구수를 기준으로 비례 배분하여 총 1,000명을 대상으로 면대면 조사를 수행하였다. 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 노인 영양지수 평가항목을 19개 항목의 4개 요인으로 분류하고, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 구성타당도를 검증하였다. 4개 요인을 식행동, 균형, 다양, 절제의 영역으로 구분하였고, 구조방정식 모형을 이용해 추정된 경로계수를 바탕으로 전문가 의견을 수렴하여 영역별 가중치를 적용하였는데, 영역별 가중치는 각각 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.3으로 수렴하였다. '식행동' 영역에는 음식을 씹는데 불편한 정도, 우울정도, 건강에 대한 자각, 건강한 식생활 노력, 식사 전 손 씻기, 운동시간의 6개 항목, '균형' 영역에는 우유 및 유제품 섭취빈도, 과일 섭취빈도, 간식 섭취빈도, 물 섭취빈도의 4개 항목, '다양' 영역에는 달걀 섭취빈도, 생선이나 조개류 섭취빈도, 채소류 섭취빈도, 콩이나 콩제품 섭취빈도, 하루 식사 빈도, 혼자 식사하는 빈도의 6개 항목, '절제' 영역에는 단음식 또는 달거나 기름진 빵 섭취빈도, 가당음료 섭취빈도, 라면류의 섭취빈도의 3개 항목으로 구성되었고, 표준화된 경로계수가 항목의 가중치로 적용되었다. 전국단위 조사대상자의 NQ-E 평균 점수는 57.6점이었고, 영역별 점수는 식행동 55.0점, 균형 41.4점, 다양 50.0점, 절제 76.5점이었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 노인 영양지수, NQ-E는 노인의 식사의 질과 식행동이 양호한지 판정할 수 있으며, 식행동, 균형, 다양, 절제의 4가지 영역으로 점수 산출이 가능하므로 노인의 체계적인 영양관리에 다양하게 활용 가능할 것이다.

노인 1인 가구의 노인영양지수(NQ-E)에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 (A Study on Factor Influencing the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly(NQ-E) of Elderly Living Alone)

  • 김가원;허준수
    • 한국노년학
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.741-762
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 노인 1인 가구의 노인영양지수(Nutrition Quotient for Elderly, NQ-E)를 파악하고, 영양 수준에 영향을 미치는 생활실태 특성을 규명함으로써 노인 1인 가구가 지역사회 내에서 건강한 노후를 영위할 수 있는 개입 방안을 고찰하고자 실시되었다. 조사 대상은 전국에 만 65세 이상 1인 단독가구 노인 1,970명을 편의표집방법으로 조사하였으며, 사회복지기관 25곳과의 조사 협조체계를 구축하고 독거노인생활관리사 385명이 설문조사 요원으로 참여하였다. 조사 결과 노인영양지수(NQ-E)는 평균 51.14점으로 '하' 등급'을 나타냈으며, 다중회귀분석의 설명력은 20.1%로 나타났다. 유의미한 변인으로는 여성인 경우, 연령이 낮을수록, 동부에 거주하는 경우, 주관적 건강상태가 좋은 경우, 복약 수가 적을수록, 비흡연자인 경우, 과음주가 아닌 경우, 경제상태 만족도가 좋은 경우, 식비 비중이 30% 이상인 경우, 무학이 아닌 경우, 가족 및 이웃과의 교류가 많을수록 노인영양지수(NQ-E)를 높이는 예측변인이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 근거로 향후 노인 1인 가구의 영양관리 및 향상을 위한 포괄적인 대책이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

Evaluation of the nutrient quotient for the elderly (NQ-E) using congregate meal services according to their oral health conditions

  • Yi, Na-Young;Choi, Jung-Hwa
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.628-645
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary habits of the elderly using the nutrition quotient for the elderly (NQ-E) and to analyze the differences in the NQ-E according to their levels of oral health. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The survey was administered to 123 elderly people receiving congregate meal services in Seoul. The questionnaire comprised 3 domains: oral health status, general characteristics, and the NQ-E for the elderly. RESULTS: The respondents were divided into 2 groups based on the average score of their levels of oral health (the group with high oral health scores: 4.42 points and the group with low oral health scores: 2.89 points). As a result of evaluating nutritional status using the NQ-E, it was found that the average NQ-E score was 58.7 points, with 46.0 points in the balance domain, 47.0 points in the diversity domain, 72.9 points in the moderation domain, and 61.8 points in the dietary behavior domain. The NQ-E score (62.3 points) of the group with high oral health scores is significantly higher than the NQ-E score (54.7 points) of the group with low oral health scores (P < 0.001). Concerning the NQ domain scores, the elderly with good oral health status had "favorable" results in terms of balance and dietary behavior, and the elderly with poor oral health status had "favorable" results only in terms of balance. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, several dietary areas needed improvement in general. Those with poor oral health conditions urgently needed to improve related factors to minimize the risk of increasing imbalanced nutrition and comorbidities due to insufficient nutrition and undesirable eating habits.

충북지역 일부 고등학생의 식사속도와 청소년 영양지수 점수와의 관련성 (Association between Eating Speed and Scores of Nutritional Quotient for Korean Adolescent (NQ-A) among High School Students in Chungbuk)

  • 최미경;김인영;김옥선;배윤정
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.156-164
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to investigate the relationship between eating speed and nutritional status among Korean high-school students using Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A). In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 453 high-school students (227 boys and 226 girls) from September 2019 to October 2019 in Chungbuk area. Based on the self-reported speed of eating data, subjects were classified into a fast group (n=180), a medium group (n=184), and a slow group (n=89). NQ-A scores for each group were measured in each speed group. In the environment section, girls showed a significant difference in usage time of electronic devices, such as TVs and smartphones: the fast group spent significantly more time than the medium group (p=0.035). In the practice section, among boys, the slow group had significantly higher scores for washing hands before eating than the medium and the fast groups (p=0.022). This study suggested that eating speed of high school students is associated with health-related environment factor and practice factor of NQ-A, such as time spent on smart devices or washing hands before eating. The study results can provide baseline data for nutrition education on health management of high school students.

Evaluation of dietary behaviors of preschool children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do associated with the level of parents' health consciousness: using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)

  • Kim, Soo-Youn;Cha, Sung-Mi
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.248-265
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the dietary behaviors of preschool children using the nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P) and analyzed the difference in the scores of the children's dietary behaviors in regards to the parents' health consciousness. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 257 children aged 3-5 years and their parents residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The questionnaire is composed of demographic characteristics, the NQ-P questions, and health consciousness. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (ver. 25.0) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference on the intake frequency of processed meat by region and fast foods by age, region, and weight status (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in not moving around while eating by weight status and parents' effort to have healthy eating habits by sex (P < 0.05). The mean score of NQ-P of the total subjects was 59.47, which was within the medium-low grade. The mean score of balance was 61.62, and the boys were significantly higher than girls (P < 0.05). As the age of children increased, the mean score of the moderation was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The scores of NQ-P (P < 0.05), balance (P < 0.01), and environment (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the high group of parents' health consciousness than the low group. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the evaluation by NQ-P, the dietary behaviors of preschoolers residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do need to be improved. For improving their eating behavior and nutritional health status, parents and children need customized nutrition education programs based on sex, age, region and weight status of preschool children as well as the degree of parents' health consciousness.