• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.579-588
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the association among demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food habits, and stress status of 437 males and females aged over 25 years in Chungnam. Overall, the stress status of the subjects was high showing an average of 103 points out of 156 points based on the something scale. Results of the study revealed that marital status, exercise status, and health status had significant relationships with food habits and stress scores. The subjects who were married, had a higher frequency of exercise, and were healthier, had a significantly higher food habit score but a significantly lower stress score compared with their counterparts. Also, food habit scores had a significantly negative relationship with stress scores. Thus, this research showed possible links among healthy food habits, desirable lifestyle, and low stress status. In other words, people who experience a high level of stress may be more likely to have unhealthy food habits, resulting in a poor healthy conditions. These results show that appropriate food habits and adequate dietary management are deemed necessary for people with a high degree of stress. Further in-depth studies are needed to clarify a direct relationship between stress and food habits and to determine the proper diet that may help relieve stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.952-961
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and the serum iron status of 74 Food and Nutrition major, and 45 non-major, female students at a university in Incheon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program. The nutrient intake data collected from three-day dietary recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Anthropometric data and hematological indices of iron in the blood were measured. Average heights, weights, body fat and mid-upper arm circumference of Food and Nutrition major and non-major female students were 160.3 cm, 53.5kg, 25.8%, 23.7cm and 159.8cm, 55.5kg, 28.9%, 24.8cm, respectively. There were significant differences in body fat percentage and mid-upper arm circumference between the major and non-major students. In all subjects, daily dietary intakes of nutrients- except protein, vitarrlin B1, vitamin C and phosphorus - were lower than the Korean RDA. In particular, calcium and iron intakes of all subjects were under 60% of the Korean RDA. Values of RBC (red blood cell) count, Hb (hemoglobin), Hct (hematocrit), MCV (mean cell volume), MCH (mean cell hemoglobin), and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) of the non-major students were significantly higher compared to those of the major students. The diastolic blood pressure of the major students was negatively correlated with MCV, MCH, TS, and serum iron levels. Triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-to-hip ratios of the non-major students were negatively correlated with TIBC. Fat intake was positively correlated with RBC, Hb, Hct, and TIBC (total iron binding capacity) in the major students. Vitamin C intake was positively correlated with serum iron in the major students. Carbohydrate intake was positively correlated with Hb, Hct, and MCHC in the non-major students. Niacin and iron intakes were positively correlated with Hb and Hct in the non-major students. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary for female university students to improve nutritional status and to practice optimal nutrition strategies. (Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 952~961, 2002)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine dysphagia risk among community-dwelling elderly people living at home. We also examined the impact of socio-demographic variables on dysphagia risk as well as the relationship between dysphagia risk and dietary characteristics. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample included 568 community-dwelling individuals, aged 65 years and above, who were living independently in their own home in Seoul, Gyeonggi, or Gwangju in South Korea. We used a dysphagia risk assessment scale to screen for dysphagia risk and the Mini nutritional assessment to evaluate the nutritional status. Associations between dysphagia risk and other variables were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 568 subjects, 350 (61.6%) were classified into the dysphagia risk group (DR) and 218 (38.4%) were classified into the normal group (non-DR). Being female (odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-2.59), being 75 years and older (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.69-3.42), having a lower education level (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.33-3.97), and having a lower perceived economic status (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.32-3.60) were more frequently observed with dysphagia risk compared to those who did not have such characteristics. Lowered mastication ability (OR = 14.40, 95% CI = 4.43-46.95), being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.75-4.23), lowered appetite (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.16-4.93), and decreased food intake (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.83-4.78) were observed more frequently in the DR group than in the non-DR group when adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to develop and apply integrated programs to improve the dietary habits and nutritional status of elderly individuals at risk for dysphagia, especially for women aged 75 years or older with lower educational and economic levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

This study was carried out to evaluate Korean eating behavior which is highly correlated with their nutritional status, and to analyze the effect of various factors on eating behavior. The above information was used to develop a nutritional status for Korea. The 2000 Korean people were selected with the stratified random sampling method. This study used a questionaire as instrument tool. The questionaire consists of :1) socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects; 2) the valuation of food and nutrition; 3) the concern of food and nutrition; 4) psychological health condition; 5) physical health condition; 6) nutrient consumption status and 7) analysis of eating behavior. Data were analyzed by using a SPSS PC Package. Significant differences and correlation among variables were determined by the t-test, $x^2-test$, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient and Multiple regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follow, All nutrient intakes were significantly correlated with eating behavior score(p<0.001). Factors such as socio-economic status, valuation and concern on food and nutrition, and psychological health condition had significant relationship with eating behavior. But the physical health condition had no significant effect on it. Multiple regression analysis showed that valuation of food and nutrition made the greatest contribution(35.6% explained) and concern made the second greatest contribution(10.5% explained). The third was education level(9.8% explained), and the forth psychological health condition(1.8% explained).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.529-538
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• 1999

It is very important to collect information on the nutritional status of the Korean population for the development of health promotion programs including nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of various population living in selected areas for model nutritional work. Seven hundred eighty households(30 households per each area)from 26 areas participated in this study from November 1 to November 20, 1996. Dietary intake data for two consecutive days were collected at household level by a weighting method. The mean energy intake of the subjects(1,934kcal) was higher than that resulted from the ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey(1,839kcal). The proportion of energy derived from cereals was 60.1%. The proportion of total protein intake from animal sources was 49.4%. These results were similar to those found in the ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. Most nutrients(except iron, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, and crude fiber) were higher than the result of the ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. However, the average iron intake was about 68% of the result of ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. This may be due to the adjustment of iron content in rice(3.7mg/100glongrightarrow0.5mg/100g) included in nutrient database for calculating nutrient intakes. The mean energy contribution from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 64.2%, 16.4% and 19.4%, respectively. Significant differences of nutrient intakes were noted among some areas, which may be due to different food intake patterns according to the needs of the particular area. Therefore, the result of this study indicates that there are significant differences in food and nutrient intakes among the areas, suggesting that nutritional improvement programs may need to be developed differently by areas.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.527-536
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: South Korea is representative of countries experiencing rapid societal aging. This study aimed to understand the current status of foodservice nutrition management provided to welfare facilities for the elderly and to understand improvements after support from "the Center for Social Welfare Foodservice Management (CSWFM)" in Cheongju City. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The status of foodservice nutrition management was assessed by dietitians and hired by the CSWFM, who visited 40 welfare facilities (registered members of the CSWFM) for the elderly in Cheongju City. After visiting each facility three times from July to December 2019, the results of inspections on four areas, that is, 'menu', 'meal provision', 'cooking', and 'distribution' management for 2nd and 3rd visits (support visits) were compared with results obtained at initial visits. RESULTS: Before support as determined during 1st visits, compliance rates with 'menu', 'meal provision', 'cooking', and 'distribution' requirements were 72.1%, 75.5%, 58.3%, and 77.5%, respectively. The mean compliance rate for all 15 items on the questionnaire used was 70.8%. Items with low compliance rates were 'Is the soup provided by foodservice at the recommended salinity?' (compliance rate 37.5%) and 'Is the foodservice cooking conducted by referring to a recipe?' (42.5%). At the two support visits, mean compliance rates increased significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.001), mean total score had significantly increased from 71.80 to 90.26 (P < 0.001), and mean soup salinity decreased significantly from 0.82% at 1st visits to 0.68% (P < 0.001) and 0.56% (P < 0.001) at the 1st and second follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the status of nutrition management at welfare facilities for the elderly was much improved by CSWFM involvement, and indicate the CSWFM should continuously provide nutrition management support to facilities and that finances and opportunities for more welfare facilities for the elderly be expanded.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.122-130
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the associated factors of the perceived health status of the elderly in Korea and to provide basic data for developing nursing interventions for the elderly's health management. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational research design. The subjects of this study were 335 elderly people over 60 yr living in an urban city. Data were collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from September 2006 to March 2007. Empirical indicators of perceived health status were measured by SF-36, nutritional screening initiative (NSI), activities of daily living (ADL) Index, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 72.8 and 57.0% of subjects were female. 41.5% of variance in physical health was explained by nutrition, ADL, IADL, and the number of years attending school. Among them the most important factor was ADL. 13.2% of variance in mental health was explained the number of family, nutrition, and IADL. Among them the most important factor was nutrition. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop supportive interventions for improving the perceived health status of elderly people by considering the most important factors shown in this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 1985

This study was carried out to compare the nutritional status with food preference of subjects in eight constitutional groups on the view point of constitutional medicine. The constitutions of 124 college women was classified by Kwon's theory. Food preference of the subjects was surveyed in accordance with the suggested foods for each constitution and the health status was investigated by Cornell Medical Index. The following determinations were also made to compare food preference score with the nutritional status : Hb, Hct, WBC, serum levels of albumin, protein, IgG, IgA, IsM, $C_3$, Triglyceride, cholesterol, and total lipids, and lipoprotein fraction ratio. The distribution of the constitution revealed that Jupito individuals accounts 51.6%, the most followed by ; Saturno, 21.8%: Hespero, 10.5%: Jupita, 8.1%: Hespera, 3.2%: Mercurio, 3.2%, no subject belonged to satura. There were no difference among constitutional groups in food preference score, health status and the values of most blood components. Only significant difference was that the percentage of mental complaints in Mercurio was lowest and serum IgG level in Jupito was the highest among groups. Correlation between values of blood component and food preference score shows variety of different trends. However, the results suggested that the better food consumption of the subjects was in accordance with the suggested foods for the constitution, the better the nutritional status of the subjects was.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.210-222
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• 2004

In recent years, the number and proportion of Korean elderly have grown rapidly, and elderly individuals show a disproportionate risk for poor nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of sociodemographic background to nutrient intake of persons 65 years of age or older, living in 15 cities in Korea. Data on 1973 subjects (603 males, 1370 females), who participated in the Korean Elderly Nutrition Survey (2000), were analyzed. Their mean age was 72.3 years and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.2 kg/$m^2$. Basic sociodemographic data were obtained through personal interviews. The 98-item semi-food frequency questionnaire, developed and previously validated for Korean middle-aged and elderly subjects, was administered. “Percentage of subjects who consumed under 75％ Korean RDA,” “number of nutrients consumed below 75％ Korean RDA,” “mean nutrient adequacy ratio,” and “nutrient density” were used to determine nutritional status. Male elderly had better nutritional quality than female elderly. Nutritional quality decreased with age, especially in older elderly (over 75). Elderly who were underweight (BMI 〈 20 kg/$m^2$) showed poorer nutritional quality than those who were normal weight (BMI 20∼25 kg/$m^2$) and overweight (BMI $\geq$ 25 kg/$m^2$). Elderly who lived alone had significantly poorer nutritional quality than those who lived with a spouse, and/or with children. Lower education level and economic dependence also showed lower nutritional quality. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific sociodemographic factors on nutritional quality. For number of nutrients under 75％ RDA as a dependent variable, education level explained 4.8％ of the variance, followed by living status, age, body mass index, gender, and living expense support (Model $R^2$ = 0.091). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, model $R^2$ was 0.098. Therefore, sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, body mass index, living status, educational level, and economic status influenced elderly nutrition status. These results indicate that an elderly nutrition intervention should focus on subjects who are poorly educated, living alone, age 75 or older, and/or underweight.