• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2024

A checklist of dietary behavior items for the elderly was developed based on Korean dietary guidelines. First, a literature review was conducted, and 63 preliminary items, including 30 items on food intake, 12 on eating habits, and 21 on dietary culture, were obtained to evaluate the dietary guidelines. The preliminary items were evaluated by experts using Lawshe's method to verify the content validity. They were then revised, resulting in 52 items: 25, 11, and 16 in the food intake, eating habits, and dietary culture domains, respectively. A face-to-face survey was conducted on 331 people over 65 years of age in the metropolitan area, and their one-day food intake was surveyed using a 24-hour recall method in August 2022. The 48 items, including 24, 11, and 13 items on food intake, eating habits, and dietary culture, respectively, correlated significantly with the evaluation indicators of nutrient intake, such as mean adequacy ratio, dietary diversity score, and nutrient intake density. These items were considered suitable for evaluating the elderly's compliance with dietary guidelines.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

In order to investigate the differences in nutrient intakes and eating habits between people living alone and people living together with family or others by age group, dietary survey data of the subjects aged 20 years or older from 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Living status of the subjects was defined as 'single' when the subjects' household member was one person. Age, gender, income, education were adjusted during the comparative analysis. The subjects living alone had diets with lower score of nutritional adequacy ratio and lower quality, and drank more alcoholic beverages when compared with the subjects living together. Females were more greatly affected in dietary intakes by living alone situation than males. Of the four age groups, a group with ages from 30 to 39 years showed less nutrient intake patterns in persons living alone than in persons living together, but the rest three groups with ages from 20 to 29, from 50 to 64, and 65 or older did not show any significant differences. Eating habits of the subjects living alone, such as skipping meals, kinds of snacks, dining-out, were worse as a whole than the other. In conclusion, single living particularly of females or of 30 to 39 years of age group had negative influences on dietary intakes and behavior. There may be statistical errors if socioeconomic and demographic factors such as age, gender, income, and education are not controlled in the population study investigating the effect of living alone on dietary intakes. Further studies will be needed to know the age-specific reasons for the worse nutrient intakes of single living persons.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.583-591
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the diet diversity, food habit and nutrient intake of obese adults who were visiting the health promotion center. This study was accomplished with the 138 obese adults (men = 103, women= 35) aged over 20 years old whose BMI were above $25 kg/m^2$. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score DVS), and food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) by using the data from the three days record were analyzed and the food habit and lifestyle were assessed by self reporting questionnaire. The average enemy intake of men was 2150.2 kcal which was significantly higher than that of women (p < 0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat over total energy was 54.8% : 19.3% : 25.8% in men, 59.5% : 17.8% : 22.6% in women respectively. Frequency of the breakfast in a week above 4, $2{\sim}3$ time and under one time was 75.7% 10.7% and 9.7% in men 77.1%, 5.7% and 14.3% in women respectively. frequency of eating between meals in a day under one time was 73.8% in men, 57.1% in women (p < 0.05). The average DDS and DVS was $3.63{\pm}0.07$ and $14.10 {\pm}3.45$, respectively which was significantly correlated with MAR (r=0.40 in DDS, r=0.64 in DVS, p < 0.01). The most frequent style of food pattern was DMGFV = 01101 in 35% of men, and DMGFV= 01111 in 37.1% of women. Our results show that dietary diversity and variety are useful parameters far evaluating nutrient intakes in obese adults. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on obese persons' eating behavior and eating diversity may be required to increase educational efficiency of weight control programs.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on nutritional intake status among the college students. The subjects were divided three groups; no-alcohol group(n=78), alcohol group(n=113), and high-alcohol group(n=82) according to intake and frequency of alcohol. And they were observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, dietary behavior and attitude, and nutrient intakes using questionnaires. The frequency of skipping meals in breakfast in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in frequency of skipping meals of lunch and supper, reason why skipped meals, and total score of dietary attitude among three groups. However, the score of dietary attitude about no heavy drinking and smoking in high-alcohol group was higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were significant difference in vitamin B2 intake, alcohol intake, and energy intakes from carbohydrate, lipid, and alcohol among three groups(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05). Compared energy intake of high-alcohol group with other two groups, intake from carbohydrate was low and intakes from lipid and alcohol were high. In the nutrient density, plant protein and carbohydrate in no-alcohol group, lipid and vitamin B2 in alcohol group, and animal lipid in high-alcohol group were highest among three groups. NAR and MAR were not significant difference among three groups except that NAR of P in alcohol group is highest among three groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, students high consuming alcohol have unhealty dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of skipping breakfast, undesirable dietary attitude of alcohol drinking and smoking, and low energy inake from diet. Therefore, this results should be considered in meal management and nutritional education for student of high alcohol consumption.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.759-770
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• 2017

Stress has been associated with poor eating behavior and diet quality. Yet, the relationship between nutrient and food intake and perceived stress in Korean female adults has not been validated. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between nutrient and food intake and perceived stress in Korean female adults. This is a cross-sectional study based on the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data. This study investigated 2,010 female adults age 19~64. In this study, according to subjects' perceived stress, we classified subjects into very low-stress recognition group (VLSRG) (n=211), low-stress recognition group (VSRG) (n=1,223), high-stress recognition group (HSRG) (n=488) and very high-stress recognition group (VHSRG) (n=88). Daily nutrients and food group intake, food groups consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. The VHSRG had a larger proportion of subjects that were younger (p<0.0001), single (p<0.0001) and smokers (p<0.0001) compared to the VLSRG. Energy and food intake did not differ between the four groups. Percentage of subjects with protein (p=0.0322), vitamin A (p=0.0364) and vitamin C (p=0.0115) intake lower than the EAR (estimated average requirement) in the VHSRG were significantly lowest in the four groups. Also, food intake percentage from fruits and seaweed groups in the VHSRG were lower than other groups (p=0.0034, p=0.0015). DDS in the VHSRG (3.87) was significantly lowest in the four groups (p=0.0022). Results suggest that perceived stress in Korean female adults may by significant to consider in nutritional education programs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

오이의 부위별 생체분석을 통하여 영양진단 가능성을 검토코자, 무기영양액의 양분농도가 결핍된 조건(1/10 Ross 용액) 하에서 오이의 생육, 무기성분의 흡수 및 탄수화물 합성에 관하여 조사하였다. 양분결핍에 의한 오이 생육저해는 처리 후 20일에 나타났다. 양분결핍조건에서 질산태 질소의 흡수는 정상조건에 비해 크게 감소하였으며, 질산태 질소함량은 잎보다 엽병과 줄기에서 높았다. 반면, 암모늄태 질소함량은 생장엽병 및 생장엽에서 뿌리보다 높았다. 양분결핍에 의한 칼리 부족은 생장엽에서 나타났다. 칼슘은 처리간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 주로 엽병에 분포하였다. 마그네슘은 줄기나 뿌리보다는 잎에 다량 존재하였으며, 나트륨은 칼리와 유사한 경향을 보였으나 함량은 매우 낮았다. 이산화탄소 동화율은 정상 양분조건의 완전생장엽에서 가장 높았으며, 양분결핍조건과 비교할 때 약 1.7배 컸다. 수분이용효율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 정상 양분조건에서 약간 높았다. 수용성 당 함량은 잎에서 가장 높았고, 엽병, 줄기 및 뿌리의 순으로 나타났으며, 오래된 조직보다는 어린 조직에서 높았다. 정상 양분조건의 생장엽에서 측정된 수용성 당 함량은 약 7,200 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이었다. 무기성분과 수용성 당과의 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 마그네슘과 암모늄태 질소가 수용성 당과 고도의 정의 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 인터넷을 통한 영양교육 강의를 수강하는 전국남녀 대학생의 지역별 신체계측, 식행동, 식품섭취빈도 및 영양섭취실태를 비교하고자 설문조사를 실시였으며 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 연령은 남학생 평균 23.6세, 여학생 평균 21.0세로 남학생이 여학생에 비해 높지만 지역별 차이는 없었다. 남학생의 평균신장과 체중은 제7차 한국인 영양권장량에 제시되어 있는 $20{\sim}29$세 남녀 성인의 표준신장과 체중에 비하여 다소 높은 경향을 보였고, 여학생은 평균신장은 다소 높은 반면, 평균체중은 낮은 경향을 보였다. 식사의 규칙성에 관해 남학생의 경우 서울 48.0%, 인천 52.1%, 충청지역 59.1%, 경상지역 66.7%가 불규칙한 것으로 나타나 지역별 차이를 보였다. 여학생은 녹황색 채소류의 섭취를 일주일에 적어도 $6{\sim}7$회 섭취한다고 응답한 경우가 서울 23.2%, 인천 23.8%, 충청지역 15.8%, 경상지역 12.1%로 서울, 인천지역의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 높았으나 전반적으로 녹황색 채소류 섭취빈도가 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 남학생의 경우 비타민 $B_1$ 섭취가 충청지역, 경상지역 대학생이 다른 지역에 비해 유의적으로 가장 높게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났으며, 나이아신의 경우 서울지역이 인천지역에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 조사되었으나 전반적으로 보았을 때 남학생들의 나이아신 섭취량은 지역에 상관없이 모두 권장량보다 낮게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 여학생의 경우 비타민 $B_2$의 경우 충청지역 대학생들이 다른 지역에 비해 유의적으로 높은 섭취를 보였으며 특히 충청지역을 제외한 나머지 지역의 섭취량은 권장량보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 칼슘 섭취에 있어 인천지역 대학생들이 다른 지역에 비해 유의적으로 높은 섭취를 보였으나 모든 지역 여학생들의 칼슘 뿐 아니라 철분 섭취량은 권장량의 70%수준으로 매우 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 인터넷을 통해 영양교육 강의를 수강하는 전국의 대학생들의 식품 섭취빈도 및 영양섭취실태는 지역별 차이를 보였으나 대부분의 대학생들이 지역에 상관없이 불규칙적인 식습관을 보이고 있으며 에너지, 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 철분 및 칼슘 등의 영양소에 있어 한국인 영양권장량보다 낮게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 대학생 시기의 올바른 식습관의 확립 및 영양밀도가 높은 식품섭취를 통한 건강증진 및 중 장년기 질병예방을 위하여 지속적으로 체계적인 영양교육이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 1998

In mordern society, nutritional and appetite disorders occur in epidemic proportions and are serious health harzards. Obesity and diabetes affect over 30% of American population, while eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa occur in a growing number of adolescences and young adults. The changes in various sociocultural aspects with the introduction of Westernized culture have had the effect of increasing the risk of same problems in Korea. Disorderd eating patterns are a primary symptom of numerous psychiatric disorders and loss of appetite and cachexia, during illness or in the elderly, preclude proper medical treatment for restoring good health or preserving life. Increased understanding of the systems of the body and brain, related to energy and nutrient balance, may help us to treatment and ultimately prevent these commom disorders. In this review, the author highlights the psychobiological mechanisms or factors which are associated with eating behavior, especially in the view of intake psychobiology. This review would be concentrated on 1) the theoretical concepts and theories of eating behavior ; 2) the psychobiological determinants of food intake ; and 3) the psychobiological control of eating behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2019

현대 사회에서 혼자 식사하는 사람들이 빠르게 증가하고 있지만, 혼자 식사하는 식행동과 영양소 섭취 및 건강 상태와의 관련성에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2013 ~ 2017년도 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 이용하여 비만과 대사증후군의 유병률이 높은 40 ~ 64세 중년층 7,728명을 대상으로 혼자 식사하는 빈도에 따른 각 영양소의 섭취수준과 비만 및 대사증후군에 대한 위험도를 남 여 별로 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통해, 우리나라 중년 남녀에서 혼자 식사하는 식행동에 따른 영양 및 건강 상태를 파악하고 효과적인 관리 방안을 제시하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 하루 1회 이상 혼자 식사하는 비율이 절반 이상이었으며, 남성에 비해 여성에서 혼자 식사하는 비율이 높았다. 혼자 식사하는 군은 함께 식사하는 군에 비해 낮은 소득과 교육수준, 높은 비경제활동과 흡연 비율을 나타냈다. 영양소 섭취 수준을 비교한 결과, 남성에서는 혼자 식사하는 빈도가 높을수록 단백질로부터 섭취하는 에너지 비율과 칼륨의 1,000 kcal 당일일 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았고, 지방의 1,000 kcal 당일일 섭취량은 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 여성에서는 혼자 식사하는 빈도가 높은 그룹에서 에너지를 필요추정량의 75% 미만으로 섭취하는 비율과 리보플라빈을 평균필요량 미만으로 섭취하는 비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 남성에서 혼자 식사하는 행동에 따른 BMI와 대사증후군 구성지표의 평균을 비교한 결과, 혼자 식사하는 빈도에 따라 평균 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압, 공복혈당이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 교란변수를 보정하여 대사증후군과 구성지표에 대한 오즈비를 비교한 결과, 혼자 식사하는 빈도에 따라 대사증후군과 복부비만 및 혈압 상승의 위험도가 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 혈당 상승도 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이와 반대로, 여성에서는 혼자 식사하는 빈도가 증가함에 따라 그룹별 평균 BMI가 감소하였으며, 보정 후 혼자 식사하는 빈도에 따른 대사증후군 및 구성지표에 대한 위험도는 유의적인 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. 요약하면, 본 연구에서는 혼자 식사하는 행동이 영양 및 건강 문제에 미치는 영향이 성별에 따라 다름을 보였으며, 중년 남성에서 혼자 식사하는 행동이 대사증후군에 대한 위험도 증가와 관련됨을 확인하였다. 특히 이들에게서 칼륨과 단백질 섭취가 감소하였음을 고려하여, 혼자 식사하는 중년 남성들에 적합한 영양 관리와 식사 계획이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.491-501
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary behavior, nutrient and food intake status and dietary quality based on nutrient and food group intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) according to breakfast eating status in female university students. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and 3-day dietary records for 181 female university students residing in Seoul, Gyunggi, and Gangwon. The subjects were divided into two groups by frequency of breakfast eating: skipping breakfast (frequency of eating breakfast under 4 times/week, n=69) and eating breakfast (frequency of eating breakfast over five times/week, n=112). The skipping-breakfast group was significantly lower in its frequency of having lunch than that of the eating-breakfast group. There was no significant difference of energy intake between the two groups; however, the intake of carbohydrate, fiber, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, Ca and Fe in the skipping-breakfast group was significantly lower than those in the eating-breakfast group. There was no significant difference in Korean's Dietary Diversity Score (KDDS) between the skipping-breakfast group ($4.65{\pm}0.56$) and eating-breakfast group ($4.73{\pm}0.50$). The average DQI-I of the skippingbreakfast group ($56.96{\pm}9.04$) was significantly lower than that of the eating-breakfast group ($61.32{\pm}7.99$). In conclusion, female university students with a high frequency of skipping breakfast may have a lower diet quality and DQI-I score. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to promote and support breakfast eating.