• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2004

• KCID journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 1996

Lake Soyang, the largest man-made lake in Korea, has been experiencing water quality degradation because of excessive nutrient loads from the watershed. Objective of this paper is to describe land uses in and TP and TN loading characteristics from the lak

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake of nutrients and the use of vitamin and mineral supplements by Korean college students attending Web class and the socioeconomic, dietary and health-related factors involved. The subjects were 137 male and 115 female students amending a health and nutrition-related Web class at a cycler university. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by self-administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SAS and SPSS PC package programs. Nutrient intake data collected using three-day recall method were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Average intake by male students of most nutrients except energy, vitamin B$_2$ and calcium and intake by female students of those except energy, vitamin $B_2$, calcium and iron was higher than Korean RDA. Nutrient intake of male students was significantly influenced by the mother s job, skipping meals, exercise, vitamin and mineral supplement use, flood supplement use and self-evaluated anemia. Skipping meals and flood supplement use significantly influenced the nutrient intake of female students. A total of 47.4% of male students and 53.9% of female students were vitamin and mineral supplement users. In female students, socioeconomic characteristics such as the father s education level and household income were significantly different between vitamin and mineral supplement users and non-users. In both male and female students, there were significant differences in cross analysis between vitamin and mineral supplement use and flood supplement use. As for the self-reported health status of male and female students, vitamin and mineral supplement users perceived their health status to be worse compared to non-users. Therefore, nutrition education via the Internet is necessary in order to encourage college students to practice optimal nutrition strategies, including maintaining well-balanced diets by choosing various floods wisely.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The nutrition of the elderly depends on various factors. Oral health, especially oral dryness, can be an important risk factor. In this study, we attempted to determine whether dry mouth is associated with compromised nutrient intakes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 120 participants aged 65-86 yrs (mean age: 69 ± 1 y) were included in this study. Demographic and health-related characteristics, living status, meals, number of medications, medical conditions, chewing ability, and quality of life, the Oral Health Impact Profile (the OHIP-14) were assessed. We performed one day 24-hr recall assessment for nutrient analyses. The differences of the means between the dry-mouth and non-dry-mouth groups were analyzed. Elderly subjects with xerostomia-induced dry mouth were classified as those who reported at least one dryness symptom on a questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant difference in population distribution was observed among the elderly who took medications for hypertension, diabetes and osteoporosis and was significantly higher in the dry-mouth group (70.2%) than in the non-dry-mouth group (44.4%) (P = 0.005). Compared with the non-dry-mouth group (50.8%), a significantly higher proportion (73.7%) of participants in the dry-mouth group took multiple medicines (≥ 4 medications) (P = 0.019). The intakes of vegetable fat, vitamin E, folate and water in the dry-mouth group were lower than in the non-dry-mouth group. The intakes of fluoride and ω-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in the dry-mouth group than in the non-dry-mouth group. CONCLUSION: The participants in the dry-mouth group exhibited low nutrient and water intakes. It is recommended that the elderly with dry mouth should drink sufficient water and receive targeted and specific nutritional guidance to prevent malnutrition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2009

Adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy is important to fetal and maternal health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting birth weight and gestational age and to provide basic data to promote more favorable pregnancy outcomes. Data were collected from 234 pregnant women at two hospitals in Seoul. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and health related habits were obtained using a questionnaire at the hospital visit during the second trimester. Dietary intakes were estimated by 24 hour recall at the hospital visit during the second trimester. Data on pregnancy outcomes, including birth weights and gestational ages, were obtained from hospital records after delivery. Birth weights were divided into a low birth weight group (birth weight<3.1 kg), a normal birth weight group (3.1-3.6 kg) and a high birth weight group (>3.6 kg). Gestational ages were divided into tertiles according to the gestational age of the subjects: group 1 (<38.53 weeks), group 2 (38.53-40.00 weeks) and group 3 (>40.00 weeks). The number of family members was significantly lower in the low birth weight group than in the normal birth weight group (p<0.05). In the low birth weight group, pregnancy weight was significantly lower than in the high birth weight group (p<0.05) Health related habits were not significantly different among any of the groups. Intakes of fiber, phosphorous, iron, vitamin $B_6$ and folic acid were significantly higher in the high birth weight group than the low birth weight group (p<0.05). Gestational age was not significantly affected by nutrient intakes, but birth weight was affected by nutrient intake in the results of this study. Therefore, the adequacy of nutrient intake is important for the improvement of pregnancy outcomes.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine nutritional values of different sources of food residues(FR) released in autumn and to compare them with nutrient requirements on NRC standard feeding system of swine. Hospital or cafeteria FR contained more cooked rice and side dishes residues and less vegetable residues and fruit peel, resulting in higher energy and lower fiber contents, compared to apartment complex FR, which had opposite patterns to these results. Chemical composition between hospital and cafeteria FR was almost similar. Salt(NaCl) content was more than 9 folds of NRC swine requirement, but much lower than the maximum tolerant level. Essenial and non-essential amino acids profile was similar among FR sources. Hospital or cafeteria FR protein had a similar pepsin digestibility to soybean meal protein. Apartment complex FR protein, however, had a much lower pepsin digestibility. When NRC nutrient requirements are considered, FR in swine diets could satisfy requirements of protein and all the essential amino acids, 75${\sim}$111% of digestible or metabolizable energy, and most of the major and minor minerals. All the FR contained extremely low levels of toxic heavy metals, indicating that they are completely safe from these toxic substances. It was concluded that hospital or cafeteria FR could be a nutritionally excellent and balanced feed source for swine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.370-378
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a specific mixture of essential oils (MEO), containing thyme, clove and cinnamon EO, on rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility and blood metabolites in fistulated sheep. Methods: Six sheep fitted with ruminal fistulas were used in a repeated measurement design with two 24-d periods to investigate the effect of adding MEO at 0 (control), 0.8, and 1.6 mL/d on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial population and blood chemical metabolites. Animals were fed with a 50:50 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet. Results: Ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, molar proportion of individual VFA, acetate: propionate ratio and methane production were not affected with MEO. Relative to the control, Small peptides plus amino acid nitrogen and large peptides nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid were not affected with MEO supplementation; while, rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration at 0 and 6 h after morning feeding in sheep fed with 1.6 mL/d of MEO was lower (p<0.05) compared to the control and 0.8 mL/d of MEO. At 0 h after morning feeding, ammonia nitrogen concentration was higher (p<0.05) in sheep fed 0.8 mL/d of MEO relative to 1.6 mL/d and control diet. Ruminal protozoa and hyper ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria counts were not affected by addition of MEO in the diet. Relative to the control, no changes were observed in the red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentration. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude proten, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not influenced by MEO supplementation. Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that supplementation of MEO may have limited effects on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa and HAP bacteria count, blood cells and metabolites.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2002

In order to investigate the ecological aspect of bacteria on groundwater, water samples were collected from various regions. Total of 318 strains were isolated from diluted nutrient broth (DNB) agar medium, and investigated their growth pattern on nutrient broth (NB) medium. As a result, all the isolated strains were divided into two groups, NB and DNB organisms. Growth of DNB organisms were suppressed in full strength NB medium but not in DNB medium, which were called oligotrophic bacteria in this study. Proportion of DNB organisms occurred in the frequency of 50-98% in potable groundwaters (CW, CJ, DPG, CJG1), however, it was 23,46% in polluted site (TJ, NPG1). One hundred and two strains were identified as oligotrophic bacteria and their phylogenetic characteristics were determined by using 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, they were found to fall into three major phylogenetic groups: belonging to the Proteobacteria $\alpha$-(49 strains), $\beta$-(50 strains), $\gamma$ -(3 strains) subdivisions. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that microbial diversity of potable groundwater is more complex than that obtained in the past investigation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 1998

This study was performed to estimate interrelation between characteristics of sediment and nutrient releare from sediment in Dae-cheong lake. For the investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong lake. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosity of sediment, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(TKN), content of element(H, N, C), nutrient release rate. Water content and porosity were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size. And weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentration of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. Release rate of nutrients which has direct influenced upon the water quality were 0.05-8.63mg-$P/m^2{\cdot}day$ and 4.99-36.56mg-$N/m^2{\cdot}day$. And it was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling than in the 2nd sampling. And for determination of the humus level of sediment, carbon and nitrogen content were measured by using elemental analyzer. Generally, C/N ratio is used to determine humus level of lake sediment. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of 7.64~11.55, so humus level of Dae-cheong lake sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligohumic state.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.284-298
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• 2007

This study was performed by a comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 103 dietitians and 166 non-dietitians working in the Chonnam area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows: Dietitian group ($15.17{\pm}3.88$) scored significantly (p<0.0001) higher than non-dietitian group ($13.34{\pm}3.31$) in nutrition knowledge. Dietitian group ($69.58{\pm}10.67$) scored significantly higher on dietary attitudes than the non-dietitian group ($63.97{\pm}11.18$). The correlation between nutritional knowledge scores and dietary attitudes scores were statistically significance on job, age ($20{\sim}39$), education level (below university), marital status and work experience ($2{\sim}5$, above 10). The dietitian group was significantly higher than the non-dietitians in body weight and BMI of anthropometric data. The prevalence of obesity was 5.8% from the dietitian group and 6.6% from the non-dietitian group when judged by BMI and therefore obesity rate was significaltly (p<0.001) different between the two groups. In case of the dietitian group, the average intake of vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, vitamin E, phosphorous, zinc were above the Korean RDA whereas the average intake of vitamin C, calcium, iron, folic acid were below the Korean RDA. The average intake of most nutrients, except vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, phosphorus, were below the Korean RDA in the non-dietitian group. Therefore the non-dietitian group needs nutrition education in order to improve their nutritional status.