• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.301-310
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• 2016

This study was to conducted to examine the associations between job stress and musculoskeletal symptoms of child care teachers. Questionnaires were administered to 132 child care teachers and the responses were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. The average total job stress was 2.80. Based on NOISH criteria, musculoskeletal symptoms were prevalent in 46.2% of the participants. The musculoskeletal symptoms by body part appeared mostly on the shoulder (25.8%), followed by the lower back (18.9%), hands/wrist/fingers (17.4%), neck (11.4%), legs/feet (9.1%), and arms/elbows (7.6%). The positive symptom group showed higher levels of total job stress, work overload, and relationship with school parents stress scores than then the symptom free group. Musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly associated with job stress, work overload, and relationship with school parents stress. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop strategies for reducing job stress to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

This study is aimed to investigate the relationship among safety accident and perception of patient safety culture, to provide the basic data for building the patient safety culture of hospital nurses. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 129 nurses employed in hospital during the period from November 10th to 15th, 2011. The safety accident occurrence of patient was statistically significant difference according to safety education of nurse and job satisfaction of nurses. As a results, nurses' perception to the patient safety culture of hospital shows on the average score($3.46{\pm}0.3$). Among three categories, patient safety culture in a ward, and patient safety culture within hospital and safety awareness in a ward show respectively on the average score $3.59{\pm}0.3$, $3.41{\pm}0.5$, $3.41{\pm}0.4$. The score of level of patient safety culture of hospital nurses was statistically significant difference according to marital status, safety education, occupational satisfaction and health status. In correlation among safety accident occurrence of patient and safety education of nurse, patient safety culture in a ward, patient safety culture within hospital and safety awareness in a ward showed positive relationship. The results of this study indicate that education program are needed to prevent safety accident occurrence of patient, and to build the patient safety culture of hospital nurses, and to increase the safety education and occupational satisfaction, and to improve the nurses' health status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors on stresses to Emergency Rescue students' who have national examination ahead. In this descriptive research, 87 3rd-degree-Emergency Rescue students from K city were selected. Collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS PC program for descriptive data, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation. In result, stress factors are categorized by curriculum($3.67{\pm}.74$), homework ($3.39{\pm}.93$), environment($3.37{\pm}.93$), examination($3.35{\pm}.74$), employment($3.04{\pm}.75$) and total mean was ($3.36{\pm}.59$). The way to adjust stresses characterized by long-term($3.14{\pm}.54$) and short-term($2.55{\pm}.44$), also the short-term is used more than the other ways. The significant differences between general characteristics and stress factor were gender(t=4.466, p=.040), grade(F=2.53, p=.047). In the correlations between categories of the stress factor and stress degree, the examination(r=.81, p=.000), curriculum(r=.66, p=.000), homework(r=.80, p=.000), environment (r=.74, p=.000), and employment(r=.62, p=.000) were significant. In conclusion, it is needed to study for managing stress according to various subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.300-309
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the mediated effects of self-efficacy in relation to communication competency within the medical team and turnover intention of hospital nurses. Data were collected from 208 nurses working at two university hospitals. In analyzing data using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and after analyzed with Multiple regression analysis using Baron & Kenny's 3 stage procedure, confirmed indirect effect with Sobel test. Evaluation of relationships among communication competency, turnover intention and self-efficacy of subjects revealed a negative relationship(r=-0.22, p=0.001) between communication competency and turnover intention, a positive relationship(r=0.61, p<0.001) between communication competency and self-efficacy and a negative relationship(r=-0.25, <0.001) between self-efficacy and turnover intention. Concerning the mediated effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication competency and turnover intention, the influence of communication competency at stage 1 on turnover intention was significant(${\beta}=-0.22$, p<0.001), but communication competency at stage 3 had no significant influence on turnover intention(${\beta}=-0.11$, p=0.194). Accordingly, the mediated effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication competency and turnover intention fully mediated and the mediated effect of self-efficacy was significant(z=-2.15, p=0.032). Heightening self-efficacy by improving communication competency could effectively reduce the turnover intention of nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the factors influencing internal marketing at hospitals on job satisfaction and customer orientation among nurses in order to provide basic data necessary for management of nursing personnel. From December 26, 2018 to January 4, 2019, the study surveyed 255 nurses at a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation, and linear regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. First, the results of this study show that the effect of marketing inside the hospital on job satisfaction was statistically significant. Second, marketing inside hospitals was found to have a statistically significant effect on customer orientation. Thirdly, it was found that the effect of job satisfaction on customer orientation was statistically significant. Fourth, the effect of job satisfaction parameters on the relationship between marketing and customer orientation within the hospital 1st and 2nd stages appeared to have a statistically significant positive (+) impact, and three steps were found to be independent variables. The regression coefficients for organizational vision and future image, organizational attributes and systems, communication, and education/training system by sub-factors of internal marketing at hospitals significantly appeared.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is to explore the relationships among spirituality, death anxiety and burnout level of nurses caring for cancer patients. Methods: Participants were 210 nurses from a cancer hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from April until June 2012 and analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score for spirituality was 3.51 out of six. Among sub-categories, the one that scored the highest was the purpose and meaning of life, followed by unifying interconnectedness, inner resources and transcendence. The mean score for death anxiety was 3.22, and the sub-categories in the order of high score were denial of death, awareness of the shortness of time, pure death anxiety and fear of matters related to death. For the burnout, the mean was 4.10. Among sub-categories, highest mark was found with emotional exhaustion, followed by depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The spirituality level was negatively correlated with those of death anxiety and burnout. Death anxiety was positively correlated with burnout levels. Nurses with the higher spirituality level also had a higher level of education and experience of spiritual education, believed in the existence of God. In contrast, death anxiety and burnout levels were higher among those with a lower level of education, atheists, and for those who answered that religion has little influence on life. Conclusion: Thus, it is necessary to provide spiritual interventions for nurses who care for cancer patients to develop their spirituality, reduce death anxiety and prevent them from burning out easily.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated long-term care hospital nurses' knowledge and practice of pain management and their attitudes towards the job with an ultimate aim to provide fundamental information for development of a pain education program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 120 nurses from four long-term care hospitals. Nurses' knowledge of and attitudes towards pain management was measured using a tool developed by Watt-Watson. To examine their pain management practice, an instrument was developed based on the pain management guidelines used by the long-term care settings. Results: For pain management knowledge, the participants gave an average of 26.2 (${\pm}13.10$) correct answers out of 40 questions. The most frequently missed question was one about subjectivity of pain, "Patients' physiological and behavioral reactions to pain hint at the presence and intensity of pain" (89.2%), and 56.7% of the nurses believed that increasing tolerance for a narcotic analgesic means addiction. Regarding attitudes towards and practice of pain management, 80.2% of the nurses used placebos to patients who complain about pain often. Conclusion: This study revealed poor level of pain management knowledge of and attitude among long-term care hospital nurses. This might negatively affect their pain management practice. From the educational perspective, nurses should be provided with education on pain management education with emphasis on the nature of pain and misuse of placebo drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2007

Considering the characteristics of the Korean family which maintain a close connection with their patients from the moment of their falling sick to hospitalization to discharge, the family is the most important environmental factor of the social supporting system, and is the important object of the client as well as activity system. The medical social work intends to meet the practical needs of aged chronic patients, providing them and their family with a professional human service. The end of this study is to find out the hardships of both the aged chronic patients and their family as well as their needs for the social welfare service, and to search out the way of comprehensive social work service. The summary of the analysis of the survey is as follows: 1. The needs of aged chronic patients are divided into those of the solution of the problems of falling ill, social welfare program and discharge. Those needs arc affected by the various factors of the types of hospitals, the patients' age, the kinds of insurance, and the supporting systems, etc. Accordingly, the assessment of the needs of the patients are asked to be done comprehensively in accordance with the kinds of diseases and social environments. 2. The importance of the family to the aged chronic patients is evident. The family plays a decisive role in the patients' hospitalization and discharge, the family being an important supporting system and making it necessary to take an approach to client system. The family has difficulty in getting connection of community resources, in adapting to social life after the patient's discharge, and in paying the treatment. The family suffers the secondary hardships more than the burden of the treatment expenses. 3. For this reason various interventions are needed to reduce the stress caused by supporting and nursing patients. Thus the social welfare service for the aged chronic patients and their family needs the following prepositions: 1. It is the characteristics of the aged chronic patients that they need continuous care and that the strengths of the patients and their family cannot be too much emphasized, and that comprehensive assessment based on the connection 'with the community and the mutual interchange 'with the environment, is much emphasized. 2. The family of the aged chronic patient is a resources system as well as a client one. 3. Another characteristic of the aged chronic patients is that with the resources connection in mind, it needs an active intervention of social workers in the community. With these prepositions considered, the development of practical social work service for the aged chronic patients is thought urgently needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of applying oriental music therapy and reliability of electroencephalogram(EEG) equipment. The study was approved by the critical trial judge committee from ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$(IRB No. 2013-07) university. In order to measure test-retest reliability for 15 subjects, EEG for same participants were measured using same method mentioned above after 2 hours from the first measurement. Same provider implemented to each person at same time. Firstly, EEG was measured for 5 minutes after the subject with attached electrodes sat on chair comfortably for 10 minutes. Then, the subject was given mental stress using the four fundamental arithmetic operations for 5 minutes, and measured EEG for another 5 minutes. After that the subject sat on the chair comfortably listening oriental medicine music therapy for 5 minutes, and EEG was measured for 5 minutes again. There was no side effect regarding music therapy reported. Raw data, which was measured in each step, were converted through FFT(fast fourier transform) and analyzed after divided into certain frequency including ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\beta}$ wave, ${\theta}$ wave, immersion wave, stabilization wave, sef100 wave, and sef95 wave. Data were analyzed using wilcoxon signed rank test, Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS program. In test-retes method, there were significantly differences in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\beta}$ wave, immersion wave, stability wave, ${\theta}$ wave, sef100 wave, sef95 wave. ICC has shown a high degree of reliability that it was ${\alpha}$ wave .877, ${\beta}$ wave .855, ${\gamma}$ wave .895, immersion wave .897, stability wave .816, ${\theta}$ wave .904, sef100 wave .910, sef95 wave .776. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in ${\alpha}$ wave after applying oriental music therapy. Based on these results, it is considered that average of the channel EEG and application of oriental music therapy would be practiced by increase of sample size using this machine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-239
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• 1997

In recent years, adolescent issues including smoking, drinking, drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, deviant sexual behavior, mental health problems, high suicide rate, misconducts and absence without due notice, etc are emerging as serious social problems and the debate on these controversial issues is heating up. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze factors which are changeable and fixable among the factors influencing the adolescent's health behavior and misconducts and, eventually influencing factors which can be used as the basis to establish health policies and health promotion program to reduce the health risk behavior and misconducts of adolescents. The smoking rates are 34.1% for male students of prep schools and 13.8% for females students of the same school and 55.7% for males, 31.8% for females of the vocational schools and 58.3% for males and 48.8% for females of social institutional schools, which showed the great diffence among the different types of schools and between sex. In particular, male students of social institutional school showed 1.7 times higher smoking rate than those of prep schools and in case of female students, 3.5 times higher rate. The time of initial smoking was most frequently during the middle school days for both males and females. In case of drug abuse, 5.4% of males and 2.7% females of general schools were using adhesives and inhalants which was 2.5 times higher for males and 6.3 times higher for females of social institutional schools. 41.8% of males and 30.3% of females of prep schools, 41.8% of males and 59.4% of females of vocational schools and 55.1% of males and 36.6% of females of social institutional schools have experienced kissing. Regarding the health promoting behavior and misconducts, female students practiced the health promoting behavior more than male students while male students showed higher rate of health risk behavior and misconducts than female students, which was statistically significant. The group of students who have not attended the health education class, in comparison to those who have attended, were more likely to practice health risk behavior and misconducts. Those with higher academic achievement was more likely to practice the health promoting behavior while those with poor academic achievement were more likely to practice health risk behavior and misconducts. As the perceived health status was higher and as students experienced less illness, the health promoting behavior was higher.