• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the degree of pain, and to identify barriers to and satisfaction with pain management, in an effort to provide baseline data for effective pain management interventions. Methods: The study design was descriptive and correlational. A total of 100 cancer patients who were cared for at home participated in this study. Questions regarding self-rated pain, as well as barriers to and satisfaction with pain management were included in the study instruments. The data were collected by nurses using a face-to-face interview method in May of 2008. Results: Thirty six percent of the participants were in their 70's and 18.0% suffered from cancer of the large intestine. The usual degree of pain was reported as 3.43 out of 10 points, and the study patients were generally moderately satisfied with their pain management (M=$3.15{\pm}0.78$; range, 1-5). The mean barrier score was $3.24{\pm}0.52$ (range, 1-5) and concerns regarding the progress of cancer was the most highly evaluated barrier. There was a negative relationship between the degree of pain and satisfaction with pain management, and between barriers to and satisfaction with pain management. Conclusion: The precise evaluation of pains is crucial to the proper management of pain, and the education and promotion of proper pain management practices may help to overcome barriers to pain management for cancer patients.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of distraction using balloon art on pain experienced by preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Methods: Participants were 40 hospitalized preschool children. Children in the experimental group (20) were distracted by balloon art while undergoing an intravenous injection. Children in the control group (20) received regular care. Pain experienced by the children was measured using self-report, observation tools, heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: Compared with the control group, children in the experimental group showed significant difference in pain as shown by pulse rate. However, children in the experimental group did not show a decrease in pain in the self-report or behavior observation when compared with children in the control group. Conclusion: Distraction using balloon art can be used to reduce pain for preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Further nursing interventions need to be developed and provided to preschool children when undergoing painful procedures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for proper pain management. Method: Data were collected from 85 hospitalized patients with cancer pain. A retrospective chart review of level of pain, source of pain, verbal expression of pain, and pain management was done. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program. Results: The level of pain measured by NRS at the three time points was as follows Time 1 ($4.40{\pm}2.25$), Time 2 ($0.61{\pm}1.30$), Time 3 ($2.47{\pm}2.75$). The kinds of pain were somatic pain (51.8%), visceral pain (37.6%), neuropathic pain (12.9%). The analgesic amount measured by OME (oral morphine equivalent) was as follows: Time 1 ($70.85{\pm}69.65$), Time 2 ($91.61{\pm}89.20$), Time 3 ($96.71{\pm}94.25$). Degree of pain had significant differences according to type of cancer (F=-3.286, p= .002), cancer origin (F=2.906, p= .018), and metastasis (F=2.906, p= .018) at Time 2. Best control period had significant difference according to type of cancer (F=2.373, p= .023), and origin of cancer (F=2.466, p= .040) at Time 2 Conclusion: These finding will enable the application of nursing interventions for pain control in cancer patients, identification of kinds of nursing compared to priorities, and increased levels of comfort in cancer patients in clinical settings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.557-565
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the quality of life among the patients with Crohn's disease. Method: Data were collected from 97 Crohn's disease patients between September 17 and October 20 in 2009. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. Results: There were significant differences in the participants' quality of life depending on their age, economic status, pain, diarrhea, weight loss, Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), and use of medications such as antidiarrhotica, steroid, and analgesics. The results also showed the correlations between the participants' qualities of life and thier pain, CDAI, anxiety, depression, perceived health condition, and of body image. Finally, the factors affecting the quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease included anxiety, perceived health state, pain, and CDAI. The explanatory power of these factors was 79.5%. Conclusion: The results imply that controlling the patients' pain and providing emotional support for anxiety reduction are crucial. In a similar vein, tailored nursing interventions considering individual patients' conditions are believed to help the patients positively perceive their disease. A future research, can conduct further investigations of these factors from more diverse perspectives, which is expected to promote more effective nursing strategies for Crohn's disease patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.411-430
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was to develop Nursing Process Model of abdominal surgery patient using nursing diagnoses of NANDA, Nursing Interventions Classification(NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC). Method : The data in database were collected from nursing records in sixty patients with abdominal surgery admitted in a university hospital and open questionnaires of thirteen nurses. Systematic nursing process resulting from each nursing diagnoses, most common, was developed by the statistical analysis through database query from clinical database of abdominal surgery patients. Result : 51 nursing diagnoses were identified in abdominal surgery patients. The most commonly occurred nursing diagnoses were Pain, Risk for Infection, Sleep Pattern Disturbance, Hyperthermia, Altered Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements in order. The linkage lists of NANDA to NIC and NANDA to NOC, and the nursing activities according to nursing diagnoses of abdominal surgery patients were identified in unit. Conclusion : Nursing Process of abdominal surgery patients was comprised of core nursing diagnoses, core nursing interventions, core nursing outcomes which provides the most reliable data in unit and could make nurses facilitate nursing process easily without full consideration of knowledge about nursing language classification system. Therefore, it could support nurses' decision making and recording of nursing process especially in the computerized patient record system if unit nursing process model using standardized nursing language system which contains of their own core nursing process data was developed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.417-427
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of balance taping therapy on neck pain in high school students. Methods: The study employed a randomized control group pretest-posttest design with four-time repeated measures. Data were collected from 62 high school students with neck pain. The experimental group (n=31) took balance taping therapy for six days with appropriate position and stretching education while the control group (n=31) applied patches including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for six days with appropriate position and stretching education. Neck pain, cervical range of motion (CROM) and neck disability were measured at pretest, day one, day three and day six which was the posttest day. Results: For the experimental group, the neck pain was significantly improved on all three days (F=16.82, p<.001), and extension and right lateral flexion of the CROMs were significantly improved over time compared to the control group (F=3.85, p =.011; F=2.71, p=.047, respectively). Neck disability was also improved in the experimental group compared to the control group (F=8.64, p<.001). Conclusion: The balance taping therapy was an efficient intervention for high school students with neck pain. Nurses could apply non-pharmacological interventions such as balance taping therapy without pharmacological side effects.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore relationship among pain, body image and satisfaction in hand-injured workers. Methods: Using a sample of 96 out-patient workers with hand injuries, pain, body image and satisfaction were measured by VAS and Modified Jung Keum-hee's Tennesee Self Concept Scale. Repeated measured ANOVA and a Bonferroni correction for multiple statistical testing during post hoc analyses were conducted to evaluate relationship among pain, body image and satisfaction in hand-injured workers. Result: Functional satisfaction(r=.46, p<.001) and appearance satisfaction(r=.55, p<.001) significantly increased by treatment satisfaction. Functional satisfaction(r=.35, p=.001) and appearance satisfaction(r=.31, p=.002) increased by body image. But treatment satisfaction(r=-.20, p=.049), functional satisfaction (r=-.34, p=.001) and appearance satisfaction (r=-.39, p<.001) significantly decreased by pain. Conclusion: Poor pain management was related to bad body image and treatment satisfaction. Therefore, interventions targeting at pain management are needed for hand-injured workers.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.151-164
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the illness experiences of patients who had spinal surgery. Methods: Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used for the data analysis. Patients who had spinal surgery were included in this study. The data was collected between April and October 2022 by conducting a one-on-one, in-depth interview. Results: Five theme clusters were identified based on the illness experiences of patients who had spinal surgery: "An agonizing life changed by pain", "Efforts to alleviate the pain", "Surgery was determined to be the best way to relieve pain", "Recovered daily life after relieving pain caused by surgery", and "Dedicated to living a healthy, pain-free life". The analysis further yielded 20 themes. Patients used various treatment methods to relieve pain, but ultimately chose surgery due to unbearable pain. Patients who had spinal surgery felt grateful that they were feeling good and healthy because they could return to their normal daily lives. After all, the pain was relieved after the surgery. Even though some pain remained unrelieved, the patients had the hope of getting better through exercise and rehabilitation. Conclusion: This study provides an in-depth understanding and meaning of the illness experiences of patients who had spinal surgery and presents new perspectives on clinical practice. The findings of this study are expected to be useful in developing and applying systematic and customized nursing interventions before and after spinal surgery.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among pain, depression and life satisfaction of the chronic low back pain patients. Method: The subjects are 98 adults that visit hospital regularly or are hospitalized for back pain in a general hospital from June 1st to August 30th in 2007. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The mean score for chronic low back pain as measured by the VAS was 5.85(${\pm}2.22$). The mean score for depression as measured by BDI was 1.83(${\pm}\;.83$). The average score for life satisfaction was 2.89(${\pm}\;.93$). There was a significant positive correlation between pain and depression. But there were significant negative correlations between pain & life satisfaction, depression & life satisfaction respectively. Conclusion: Chronic low back pain can be occurred to all ages and there are significant relationships among the pain, depression and life satisfaction. Therefore, the nursing interventions to help for relieving the pain and depression for patients with chronic low back pain is required.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2011

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the effect of abdominal breathing on postoperative pain, state anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate of cardiac surgery patients treated in intensive care unit. Methods: A non-synchronized design of nonequivalent control group pre-post test was used. Participants were divided into an experimental group(n=22) and a control group(n=21). Just usual postoperative treatments were provided to the control group, while abdominal breathing interventions were provided to the experimental group, in addition to usual treatments. The intervention was consisted of 4 stages-introductions, breathing perception, breathing training, and closing-and it lasted twelve minutes in total. Pain, state anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate were the dependent variables of the abdominal breathing. Results: Those who carried out abdominal breathing showed a significant reduction in pain, as well as decrease of systolic blood pressure. However, it turned out to have no effect on state anxiety, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion: Abdominal breathing is simple and harmless and is effective for reducing postoperative pain.