• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aims at analyzing the effects of school health education through lessons on health knowledge, health attitude and health behavior among middle school students. Methods: The data was collected by self-administered questionnaires from the selected experimental group (n=136) and control group (n=148) in Seoul. Among them, 118 in experimental group and 121 in control group were included in final analysis. Experimental group took the 25-hour health education lessons from March 2010 to February 2011. The statistical method of analysis for homogeneity test of general characteristics was used ${\chi}^2$-test and for the effects of school health education through lessons was used unpaired t-test by SPSS/WIN 18.0 Program. Results: After the 25-hour health education lessons, statistical significance was observed between the experimental group and the control group to health knowledge. But two groups did not reach statistical significance on health attitude and health behavior. Conclusion: This study indicates that the school health education through lessons improves students' health knowledge. However in order to improve students' health attitude and behavior, it is necessary conduct more long-term school health education. Hence for the effective school health education, it is recommended to continue a long-term school health education and to secure a health education only classroom, textbooks, various educational materials and teaching methods and assistants.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to survey the recognition of college-preparatory students who interested and prevented themselves in oral health diseases for dental hygienist in Yeungnam South Korea. Methods : The subjects in this study were 328 students who was seriously worried for career and entrance into a school. The survey period was from August 16th 2011 to November 26th 2011, and the data was collected from the high school students in Yeungnam and the preparatory students who visited S college in Gyeongju. This study was conducted by using the self-reported questionnaire. Results : The result of this study are as follows. 87.2% of the subjects have recognized about the name of dental hygienist, 51.5% have distinguished dental hygienist in the clinic, and 67.4% have recognized about education of dental hygienist that was more than a college graduate. The received services from dental hygienist was scalling(15.6%), assistant of treatment(14.7%), tooth brushing instrument(11.5%), Reception & receipt(11.0%), and etc. The majority of the subjects have recognized that dental hygienist was the professional(4.82 points), the important role in oral health(4.88 points), and the intermediary between patients and dentists(4.60 points). And they were friendly(4.64 points), responsible(4.81 points), and worthwhile job(5.01 points). However their appellation has not been established yet(4.00 points), they was difficult to distinguish from nursing assistants(4.37 points), and their task did not differs from AN(4.53 points). Also they compared to other job was not stressful job(3.58 points). Conclusions : Refer to these results, those will be the basis for professional development and status establish of clinical dental hygienists and for the upright role as a professional medical personnel of dental hygiene students. In addition, those will help to patients in the future, and become an effective instrument to learn knowledge, skill, and service that needed to conduct business.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2015

This study was carried out to determine the depression symptoms and nutritional status of elderly females that ate congregate meals at lunch in rural Pocheon. The subjects were 18 elderly females aged over 65 ($75.7{\pm}4.6$ years) and information on smoking, subjective health status, depression symptoms and malnutrition risk were collected using a questionnaire administered with the help of trained research assistants. Measurements included mid-arm circumference and calf circumference. Food consumption for 3 days during breakfast and supper were determined by 24-hour recall and food consumption at lunch was determined as the difference between the amounts served and the plate waste. All data were compared between two age groups (${\leq}75$ and > 75). The subjects had the lowest nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for vitamin $B_6$ (0.523), followed by calcium and niacin and the lowest index of nutrient quality (INQ) for calcium (0.738). The older elderly had significantly lower NAR for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$ and niacin as well as significantly lower mean adequacy ratio (MAR) compared to the young elderly. They also had significantly lower INQ for vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin C and significantly thinner arm circumference (28.3 cm vs. 31.3 cm). They consumed more than 40% of their daily intake for each nutrient at lunch. Higher proportions of nutrient intake from lunch provided evidence of the importance of congregate meals, suggesting that the government and society should support congregate meals to improve nutritional status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate smoking relapse and the related factors within 1 year after discharge from the smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) of public health centers (PHCs). Methods: Data were collected with a structured questionnaire from 395 people who success fully stopped smoking at 4 SCCs in Busan between May and June 2009, and this data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The rate of smoking relapse within 1 year after discharge from SCCs was 39.2% and this decreased rapidly over 6 months after discharge. The factors related to smoking relapse within 1 year after discharge from SCCs were being female (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.82), a trial of smoking cessation with any assistants (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.19), more than 7 ppm of exhaled CO2 on the SCCs' registration (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.64), use of pharmacotherapy after discharge from SCCs (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.93), alcohol drinking more than once a week after discharge from SCCs (HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.15 to 6.78), and a perceived barrier (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.30) after discharge from the SCCs. Conclusions: According to the results, at least 6 months follow-up after discharge from SCCs of public health centers is recommended to reduce the rate smoking relapse. It is also recommended to strengthen the education on how to overcome barriers such as drinking in the course of smoking cessation clinics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.306-318
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of nurses. A total of 291 nurses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in the study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes was examined using one-day 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows : 67.7 percent of the subjects were nurses, 32.3% were nursing assistants. Average age of the subjects was 26.9 years old, average nursing experience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from junior college. The rates of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar, and 91.5% of subjects worked on a three-shift a day schedule. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.3 $\pm$ 2.5 out of a possible 20 points. Most of the nurses had experienced dietary problems such as skipping meals and overeating. Sixty-eight point three percent of the nurses had breakfast less than 3 times a week, and the main reason for skipping meals was a lack of time. Most of the nurses (74.1%) didn't exercise regularly. The average score on dietary habits was 55.6 out of 100, and most of the subjects belonged to the‘fair’group in terms of dietary habits. Married nurses, and those over 31 years of age, scored significantly higher on dietary habits than unmarried nurses, and those under 25 years of age (p < 0.001), and the scores significantly increased with increasing age. Mean daily carbohydrate and fat intake was 231.5 $\pm$ 66.1 g, 41.1 $\pm$ 18.8 g, and cholesterol and crude fiber intake was 238.2 $\pm$ 184.6 mg, 5.2 $\pm$ 2.0 g. respectively. Compared with the recommended allowances, the energy (1560.0 $\pm$ 448.5 kcal), calcium (453.8 $\pm$ 222.3 mg) iron (10.6 $\pm$ 7.6 mg), vitamin A (658.5 $\pm$ 538.1 R.E) and vitamin B$_2$ (0.96 $\pm$ 0.5 mg) figures were below the Korean RDA, and the protein (65.9 $\pm$ 31.0 g), vitamin B, (1.14 $\pm$ 0.5 mg), vitamin C (143.2 $\pm$ 119.6 mg), niacin (14.4 $\pm$ 6.3 mg) and phosphorus (958.1 $\pm$ 352.1 mg) figures were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 60：17：23. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1：2. The dietary habits had a positive correlation (p < 0.001) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C. Therefore, In order to improve overall dietary behavior and nutritional status, systematic nutrition education programs should be developed.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.117-148
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• 2024

This study attempted to examine the ambiguity of work from the legal, social perspective, and actual performance differences in domestic nursing work compared to foreign countries. We compared the historical background of nurses' expanded work through overseas situations, compare and analyze the legal basis for nurses' qualifications and work in each country, and what changes they have undergone to clarify their work. Through this, we would like to consider the current status of the absence of a legal basis for professional work of domestic nurses and seek a direction for the development of domestic medical care. This study applied the case study method as one of the comparative institutional research methods. Among OECD countries, developed countries such as the United States, Australia, and Japan were selected and compared among developed countries that are solving medical gaps using nurses. In the United States, Australia, Japan, and Korea, nurses' professional work has been created by changes in the medical environment due to an aging society, chronic diseases, and lack of doctors. We looked at the start of their professional work, the establishment of legal grounds, the timing of qualification recognition, the development of the credential system and scope of work. Foreign countries have legal grounds for their roles and tasks, but domestic countries are before legislation. The country still has not narrowed the gap between the position of the legislative and judicial branches and actual work, and the current status of the domestic healthcare system has been measured through overseas development cases.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.118-131
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• 2000

Background : A continuous healthcare quality improvement is needed to provide high quality healthcare service as well as to maintain trust in terms of satisfying the needs of the patients. Recently it also became an essential issue. in hospital management, recognized for it's competitive potentiality among healthcare organization groups. This study was conducted to analyze patient complaints and issues received by the Quality Improvement Department. Its purpose is to improve healthcare qualities within the hospital, as well as establish policies and appropriate strategies in hospital management. Method : From July 1st to September 30th of the year 1999, we analyzed all complaints and issues made by various patients and their families, which were received through 24 hour phone consultation, numerous suggestion boxes, letters and E-mails, The issues were classified into 16 different categories based on a Patient Satisfaction Assessment Tool. All data were segregated according to the departmental frequencies and their contents. To come up with for environmental and patient satisfaction improvement, all complaints or issues were communicated with hospital administrators, medical and nursing staff and employees. Comprehensive customer satisfaction activities including improving phone etiquette were discussed in Customer Satisfaction Team, CQI Team and each Department. All opportunities for improvement were implemented. Feedback actions were discussed. Results : A total of 317 cases were collected. Issues regarding parking and other accommodation facilities were most common complaints that were 14.5% of total. Issues regarding admission rooms (10.7%), admission procedures (10.7%), waiting room environment (8.8%), nurses and nurse assistants (7.6%), physicians (6.6%) and others (23%) followed. Thirteen of 45 departments received more than 8 complaints. The Nursing Department had the most complaint, receiving 9.8% of total complaints. Complaints regarding the Nursing Department were predominantly related to the environment of patient rooms. The Department of Psychiatry for phone etiquette (4.7%), Department of Otolaryngology for the nursing staff's attitude and phone etiquette (4.4%), and the Admission Department followed. As a part of efforts to improve patient satisfaction, a new parking structure was built and reallocation of the parking space was done. Renovation of other accommodation facilities were carried out by hospital administration, Monthly phone call and answering attitude survey was done by QI Department. Based on this survey we made a phone etiquette manual and distributed throughout the hospital. Compare to the last year, Patient Satisfaction Index measured by Korea Productivity Center using National Customer Satisfaction Index was improved 7 points. According to our organization's own study, we confirmed the phone etiquette was improved 11% than last year. Conclusions : Issues related to parking and other accommodation facilities ranked first followed by complaints made regarding the patient care area, the admission and cashier process, and nurses' and doctors' attitude. The Nursing and Psychiatry Departments need improvement regarding phone etiquette. Results were shared and played a vital role in policymaking and strategic planning of the hospital. It is imperative that we keep our database updated by listening to and solving the needs of each patient. The CQI activities can be achieved only by full commitment of the hospital top management supported by related personal.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to help improve the management of traditional Korean medical(TKM) clinics and the policies for supporting them, by conducting a survey of the practitioners of TKM. Methods Stratified sampling was conducted based on regional location, and 700 samples were selected in a random manner from the membership list. The questionnaire was delivered and returned by mail. The survey was conducted between 20 July and 31 August 2010. A total of 177 questionnaires (recovery rate: 25.28%) were recovered and analyzed for the study. Results 1. The the survey indicate that the overall size of TKM clinics has fallen compared with previous survey, while the average number of beds per clinic has remained unchanged at 7.9. The sale of medicine as a proportion of total monthly sales has increased. 2. There has been no change in the composition of clinical staff as there are three nursing assistants. Although the average daily number of patients to clinics has remained at around 33.90 compared with ten years ago, the number of patients requiring seeking acupuncture treatment has increased while the number of those treated with medication has decreased. 3. Clinicians in TKM have indicated their preference for a binary system that separates TKM from western medicine (57.4%). The respondents do not favor the separation of dispensary from medical practice (81.5%), marks of origin for medicinal herbs (68.9%), disclosure of the prescriptions (67.2%), and the overseas expansion of Korean medical services (70.4%). However, they indicated that they are very much in favor of being granted the authority to employ and give orders to medical technicians (96.0%). 4. The respondents selected Korea as the country that maintains a proper academic system for traditional medicine (45.5%), and are not in favor of opening Korea's traditional medicine market under an Free Trade Agreement(FTA) with China (72.7%). Conclusion The overall status of the management of TKM clinics has declined compared with the preceding decade. There has been only a slight change in clinicians' opinion of the related policies and regulatory issues.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.475-486
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• 2009

Regular activity program is needed for managing chronic disease and obesity and preventing falls as a nursing intervention. It seems that serious game will be very important for older people to keep them active with fun to improve their health. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between health problems and computer game needs in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a convenience sample of adults who are older than 55 years, recruited from several places through trained research assistants and research center that has online pools in Korea. 778 subjects (mean age: $61.4\;{\pm}\;5.6$) were participated in this study. The majority of subjects was male (68.6%). We found that there was higher needs for exercise or serious game in the group of ma1e(55.4%), below undergraduate(66.2%), under two family members(32.5%), over 350,000 won of pocket money/month (40.1%), mild depressive symptom (51.7%), and online responser(68%). Especially, they wanted to overcome physical limitations through games. Higher education, more experiences and skills of using computer/internet was statistically and positively significant to the needs for exercise or serious game. In conclusion, there exists a potential market within this demographic group for the use of serious games. Thus, we need to develop senior games in Korean to improve quality of life and health promotion.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-215
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to define the relationship between ethical management, organizational culture, and management performance in long-term care institutes for the elderly while identifying the level of ethical management, organizational culture, and management performance of caregivers and the impact and mediation of the relationships between them based on the hypothesis. The results show that caregivers in the Gyeonggi region scored 2.929 out of 5 in ethical management, 3.393 in organizational culture, 2.925 in organizational transparency and 3.185 in management performance. The levels of ethical management, organizational culture and management performance in caregivers are lower than those of welfare workers, social workers, and nursing assistants. This is due to their relatively low level of education, wages and working environment. This study determined that there is a significant relationship between variables in terms of correlation between ethical management, management performance, organization transparency, and organizational culture. Second, the authors adopted hypotheses that ethical management has a statistical effect on organizational transparency, management performance, and organization culture. Third, the authors concluded that organizational culture has a direct impact on organization transparency and there is a significant mediation effect between ethical management, organizational transparency, and management performance. Based on these results, we propose the following: First, ethical leadership at the core of ethical management. Second, awareness in organizational transparency. Third, balanced management performance. Fourth, a flexible organizational culture that can respond to ethical management environment must be established.