• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1362-1370
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of attaining a smoking cessation goal when an agreement on means to achieve smoking cessation among male college student smokers was established. Method: This study was planned as a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design and the sample was divided into an agreement group and a comparison group by convenience sampling in a college of G city. The data was analysed with SPSS Win10.0 using a Likelihood $x^2-test$, Odds ratio, Paired t-test and ANCOVA. Result: The theory that the degree of smoking cessation will be higher in the agreement group than the Comparison group was rejected (${\delta}$ = 2.567, p = .055). The theory that nicotine dependency will be lower in the agreement group than the comparison group was supported (F = 3.965, P = .049); however, the theory that the number of cigarettes smoked per day will be lower in the agreement group than the comparison group was rejected (F = 1.342, p = .252). Conclusion: It has been shown that an agreement on means to achieve smoking cessation goals is a key factor to success in quitting smoking.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.136-147
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore influencing factors on care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia living at home. Methods: Participants in this study were 211 family caregivers who were taking care of elders registered at a support center for dementia located in S-gu, Seoul. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression in SPSS WIN 23.0. Results: The care burden of family caregivers was mild to moderate ($40.31{\pm}21.50$) in this study. The factors influencing care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia were the age, behavioral problems, and dependency in instrumental activities of daily living of demented elderly, in addition to the perceived health status and resting hours of family caregivers. Overall, these factors explained 46.5% of the total variability in care burden in this sample (F=13.01, p<.001). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that the characteristics of demented elderly and family caregivers can influence care burden differently. Individually tailored strategies based on the various caregiving contexts need to be developed to reduce the level of care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe depression, caregiving burden and the correlation of the two variables in the families of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to clarify factors predicting caregiving burden. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 family members who provided care to patients with ALS. The characteristics of patients and families, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview (K-ZBI) and Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) were used as study measures. Results: The mean score for K-BDI was 19.39 out of 63 suggesting sub-clinical depression and 38.2% of the family members exhibited depression. The mean score for K-ZBI was 66.03 out of 88. The predictors for K-ZBI were K-BDI, age of family member, length of time spent per day in caring, relationship to patient and K-ALSFRS-R. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that levels of depression and caregiving burden are high among family members caring for patients with ALS. As depression is associated with caregiving burden, screening and emotional supports should be provided to reduce the burden of care for these family. Support programs to alleviate the care burden are also needed, considering family demographics, time per day in caring giving and K-ALSFRS-R.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.725-735
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of burden, family resilience and adaptation of caregivers of elderly patients with dementia, and further to identify factors influencing their adaptation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. Data were collected from questionnaires distributed to 131 family caregivers of elderly patients who visited at the Centers for Dementia in Seoul during 2012~2013. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average age of the care giving subjects was 63.58, and 31.3% were male, and 41.2% were the spouses. Statistically significant relationships were found between burden and adaptation (r=-.38, p<.001), and between family resilience and adaptation (r=.52, p<.001), and between burden and family resilience (r=-.35, p=.001). Thirty percent of adaptation was explained by burden and family resilience. The most influencing factor to adaptation was family resilience which explained about 27% of the variance. Conclusion: The results of the study clearly indicate that family resilience explains better than burden on adaptation of family caregivers. Thus, to develop more effective nursing intervention for family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia, it would be necessary to integrate family resilience in the programs. 27% is not that much and I wonder if we have to do more work to identify the factors that influence care giving.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1177-1189
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• 2016

The dependency is a problem in the aged. The purpose of this study was to investigate depression, urinary incontinence, sleep patterns, and dependence, and to identify affecting factors of dependence on elderly patients in medical and care hospital. The subjects consisted of 209 elderly inpatients in the J city. The variables of dependency, depression, urinary incontinence, sleep were measured using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 program, using descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Major findings of this study are as follows. The mean score of depression is $6.83{\pm}4.14$(out of 15), urinary incontinence is $6.44{\pm}9.63$(out of 60), sleep hour is $8.09{\pm}1.55$, quality of sleep is $39.37{\pm}6.55$(out of 60), and dependence is $42.68{\pm}8.78$(out of 85). The economic dependence among the subdomain of dependence is the highest dependence score. Dependence was positively correlated with depression(r=.26, p<.001), urinary incontinence(r=.35, p<.001). Factors Influencing dependence were depression (${\beta}.227$, p=.001), urinary incontinence (${\beta}=.259$, p<.001), and explanation of dependence is 11.5%. These results suggest that it is necessary for multidisciplinary approach and nursing intervention for decreasing dependence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.274-283
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• 2008

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors, which predict care burden perceived by caregivers of elders with dementia. Methods: The participants in this descriptive survey were 92 caregivers who used one of six daycare centers located in Incheon. The data were collected by questionnaires composed of items on general characteristics of the elders and caregivers, care burden, caregiver fatigue, and functional status of the elders. Results: General characteristics of the elders associated with care burden were age, gender, religion, and the presence of a spouse. Features of caregivers related to care burden were education, relationship with elderly, amount of rest, intention to care, monthly family income, and perceived family economic status. There were significant correlations among care burden, fatigue of caregiver and functional status of the elders. In stepwised multiple regression analysis, significant influencing factors were identified as caregiver fatigue, functional status of the elders, intention to care, relationship with the elders, amount of rest and elder's gender. Those variables explained 46% of variance of care burden. Conclusion: Functional status of elders and amount of rest were significant predictors and are supported by other previous studies. Future interventions for caregivers need to be focused on the slowing down of functional status of elders and increasing of number and length of caregiver's rest periods.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2000

This paper tried to understand the effects of alcohol-reducing program on drinkings behaviour of workers on works under 5 employees. For these, this paper understood a change of drinkings custom and degree of alcohol-reducing strategy practice by enforcement of alcohol reducing program over 7 times during 3 months Reaults from analyses are as follows 1) A health problems related to drinkings were a chronic fatigue and indigestion, 15.5% was over 5 items among items related to liver disease. 2) The subjector of investigation all was involved over 2 items among items that a drinking custom must be collecred. 3) The change of drinkings custom between before and after on enforcement of alcohol reducing program showed a effective difference. 4) For a degree of the alcohol-reducing strategy practice, "reducing drinkings days" was 82.9%. "bearing drinkings impulse" 70.7%, "exchanging drinkings custom" 56.1%, "avoiding drinkings friends" 51.2%, Yet, "avoiding drinking place" and "preparing leisure activity to exchange drinkings" showed a low practice ratio. 5) For correlation between drinkings drinkings behaviour and degree of alcohol-reducing strategy practice, the more drinkings times before program paticipatance the higher alcohol-reducing strategy practice, alcohol dependency and drinkings times, alcohol-reducing strategy and drinkings times, befere drinking custom had an effective negative corelation, after drinkings custom and alcohol-reducing strategy a strong effective positive corelation. 6) workers writing drinkings paper decreased drinkings times. Implications from results are as follows The alcohol-reducing program is necessary to works under 5 employees, and needs to he operated continously. Especially, in works under 5 emplyees, the alcohol-reducing programt needs to be operated by firm or government.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.724-735
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate relationship between delirium, risk factors on delirium, and patient prognosis based on Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model. Methods: This study utilized a path analysis design. We extracted data from the electronic medical records containing delirium screening data. Each five hundred data in a delirium and a non-delirium group were randomly selected from electronic medical records of medical and surgical intensive care patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and AMOS 24. Results: In the final model, admission via emergency department (Β=.06, p=.019), age over 65 years (Β=.11, p=.001), unconsciousness (Β=.18, p=.001), dependent activities (Β=.12, p=.001), abnormal vital signs (Β=.12, p=.001), pressure ulcer risk (Β=.12, p=.001), enteral nutrition (Β=.12, p=.001), and use of restraint (Β=.30, p=.001) directly affecting delirium accounted for 56.0% of delirium cases. Delirium had a direct effect on hospital mortality (Β=.06, p=.038), hospital length of stay (Β=5.06, p=.010), and discharge to another facility (not home) (Β=.12, p=.001), also risk factors on delirium indirectly affected patient prognosis through delirium. Conclusion: The use of interventions to reduce delirium may improve patient prognosis. To improve the dependency activities and risk of pressure ulcers that directly affect delirium, early ambulation is encouraged, and treatment and nursing interventions to remove the ventilator and drainage tube quickly must be provided to minimize the application of restraint. Further, delirium can be prevented and patient prognosis improved through continuous intervention to stimulate cognitive awareness and monitoring of the onset of delirium. This study also discussed the effects of delirium intervention on the prognosis of patients with delirium and future research in this area.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.392-401
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• 2018

Background: Physical activity (PA) is critical for maintaining the health and well-being of older people in community and also institutional settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of PA and related individual and organizational factors among older nursing home residents with and without dementia. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study of a nationwide survey of 92 long-term care facilities in Korea, and the study sample includes older residents with dementia (n= 753) and without dementia (n= 480). The level of PA was measured by PA time and whether or not residents had an outdoor activity over the past 3 days. Multi-variate, multi-level analyses were conducted. Results: More than half of the sample in both groups had no or less than 1 hour of PA. About one out of four older people in our sample had no outdoor activity over the past 3 days regardless of whether or not they had dementia. Among the people without dementia, several individual-level factors were associated with PA, including dependency for activities of daily living, social activity participation, and caregivers' belief in the functional improvement of residents. Unlike the non-dementia group, individual- and organizationallevel factors including staffing level and having the relevant equipment for PA were associated with PA among those with dementia. Conclusion: Study findings provide evidence on the lack of PA among older nursing home residents, and the importance of institutional capacity with regard to human resources and physical equipment for promoting PA among people with dementia, in particular. Policies and supports are needed to promote the implementation of healthy aging programs including PA for older nursing home residents. Such programs should be person-centered with consideration to the physical and cognitive status of individual residents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.344-352
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to test the reliability and validity of a Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised (DRSEQ-R) in Korean college students, Methods: The DRSEQ-R was designed to assess an individual's belief in their ability to refuse drinking alcohol by Oei et al. (2005) and consisted of three factors (social pressure, opportunity, and emotional relief). A methodological study design with an exploratory factor analysis for validity and correlation coefficients for reliability was used. DRSEQ-R was translated into Korean and a translation equivalency was obtained. DRSEQ-R was tested with a sample of 201 college students in Korea. The subjects consisted of 106 males and 95 females. Principal component factor analysis was used for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate for internal consistency of the instrument. Results: The factor analysis showed three factors explaining 66.3% of total variance and the corresponding factors were emotional relief (48.01%), drinking contextual opportunity (11.18%), and social pressure (7.14%). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=.937). All three factors of DRSEQ-R negatively correlated with alcohol dependency and a heavy drinker showed a lower DRSEQ-R than a moderate drinker. Conclusion: Based on the findings, DRSEQ-R is a reliable and valid instrument to measure for drinking refusal self-efficacy in Korean college students.