• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.5 s.66
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• pp.26-33
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• 2005

Attenuation of fundamental longitudinal guided wave propagating liquid-filled steel pipes is numerically investigated. Several liquids such as water, diesel oil, castor oil etc. are considered for the filing materials in the pipes. Sink is considered for numerical models for abandoning standing wave modes; hence the attenuation dispersion curves become much simpler. Those attenuation calculations can be utilized for guided-wave-based nondestructive testing of pipelines when one inspects pipelines, using monitoring sensors, which are installed outside pipes.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

A multi-region model for solute transport through saturated soils has been developed to describe preferential flow. The model consists of numerous discrete pore groups, which are characterized by a discrete dispersion coefficient, flow velocity, and porosity . The hydraulic properties for each pore group are derived from a soil's hydraluic conductivity and soil water characteristic functions . Flow in pore group is described by the classical advection-disersion equation (ADE). An implict finite difference scheme was applied to the governing equation that results in a block-tridiagonal system of equations that is very efficient and allows the soil to be divided into any number of pore groups. The numerical technique is derived from methods used to solve coupled equations in fluid dynamics problems and can also be applied to the transport of interacting solutes. The results of the model are compared to the experimental data from published papers. This paper contributes on the characteristics of the method when applied to the parallel porosity model to describe preferential flow of solutes in soil.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

The location and the shape of a freshwater transition zone in a coastal aquifer are affected by many hydraulic variables. To data most works to determine the effects of these variables are limited to qualitative comparison of transiton zones. In this work characteristics of transition zones are analyzed quantitatively. The investigation is limited to a steady-state transition zones. Three dimensionless variables are defined to represent characteristics of steady-state transition zones. They are maximum introsion length, thickness, and degree of stratification. Effects of principal hydraulic variables (velocity and dispersivity) on these characteristics are studied using a numerical model. Dimensional analysis is used to systematically analyze entire model results. Effects of velocity and dispersivity are seem clearly. From this study, increase in velocity is found to cause shrinkage of transition zones. This observation contradicts claims by some that, because dispersion is proportional to velocity, increase in velocity would cause expansion of transition zones.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2021

Properties and comparison of multivariate CUSUM and EWMA charts for monitoring Σ of multivariate normal N(${\underline{\mu}}$, Σ) process has considered. Comparison of the performances of the considered charts, the numerical values are obtained by simulation with 10,000 iteration in terms of ATS, ANSS and ANSW. We found that EWMA chart with small values of smoothing constant more effectively detects the process changes than with large smoothing constant. And we also found that CUSUM chart with small value of reference value is more effectively detecting the process change than with large reference value. If a process engineer has interest in detecting small amount of shift rather than large shift, he/she can be recommended to use small smoothing constant in EWMA chart and small reference value in CUSUM chart.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2019

The rainbow hologram provides views of reconstruction with rainbow color within a large viewing zone. In our recent paper, a Fourier rainbow holographic display using diffraction grating and a white-light LED source was introduced. In this technique, the rainbow effect is realized by the dispersion of white-light source on diffraction grating, while the slit is implemented numerically by reducing the demands of the space-bandwidth product of the display. This paper presents a novel analysis on the visual perception of the Fourier rainbow holographic display using Wigner distribution. The view-dependent appearance of the image, including multispectral field of view and viewing zone, is investigated considering the observer and the display parameters. The resolution of the holographic view is also investigated. For this, a new quantitative assessment for image blur is introduced using Wigner distribution analysis. The analysis is supported with numerical simulations and experimentally captured optical reconstructions for the holograms of the computer model and real object generated with different slit size, reconstruction distance, and different observation conditions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.1106-1111
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• 2018

Electromagnetic waves potentially have been used to heat overdense nuclear fusion plasmas through a double mode conversion from ordinary to slow extraordinary and finally to Electron Bernstein Wave (EBW) modes, OSXB. This scheme is efficient and has not any plasma density limit of electron cyclotron resonance heating due to cut-off layer. The efficiency of conversion depends on the isotropic launching angles of the microwaves with the plasma parameters. In this article, a two-step mode conversions of OSXB power transmission efficiency affected by the fast extraordinary (FX) loses at upper hybrid frequency are studied. In addition, the kinetic (hot) dispersion relation of a overdense plasma in a full wave analysis of a OSXB in Wendelstein 7X (W7-X) stellarator plasma has been numerically simulated. The influence of plasma dependent parameters such as finite Larmor radius, electron thermal velocity and electron cyclotron frequency are represented.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2023

We numerically solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for pulse propagation in a passively mode-locked Yb:KGW laser. The soliton-like pulse formation as a result of balanced negative group-delay dispersion (GDD) and nonlinear self-phase modulation is analyzed. The cavity design and optical parameters of a previously reported high-power Yb:KGW laser were adopted to compare the simulation results with experimental results. The pulse duration and energy obtained by varying the small-signal gain or GDD reproduce the overall tendency observed in the experiments, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of the model simulation and the optical parameters.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.588-597
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• 2012

In the present study, the dispersion characteristics of hydrogen leakage from a Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) were analyzed by numerical simulation in order to assess the risk of a hydrogen leakage incident in a long road tunnel. In order to implement the worst case of hydrogen leakage, the FCV was located at the center of a tunnel, and hydrogen was completely discharged within 63 seconds. The Leakage velocity of hydrogen was adopted sub-sonic speed because that the assumption of the blockage effect of secondary device inside a vehicle. The temporal and spatial evaluation of the hydrogen concentration as well as the flammable region in a road tunnel was reported according to change of ventilation operating conditions. The hydrogen was blended by supply air form a ventilation fan, however, the hydrogen was discharged to outside in the exhaust air. It is observed that the efficiency way to eliminate of hydrogen is supply air operating condition under the hazardous hydrogen leaking incident. The present numerical analysis can be provided useful information of ventilation under the hydrogen leaking situation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1860-1865
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• 2008

40Gbps WDMSystems have been studied by numerical simulation to optimize their performance. Standard single mode fiber is assumed, and the most popular modulation format, NRZ, is used for the study. These assumptions are valid when existing WDM systems are required to upgrade their performance to 40Gbps. It is shown that the standard single mode fiber can transmit optical signals over 4800 (BER < 10-15) by optimizing optical and electrical filter characteristics at the receiver and by compensation of dispersion. In addition, when the system performance is mainly limited by ASE noise of EDFAs, it is found that flattop-shaped optical filter at the receiver gives a better result than Gaussian-shaped filter unless the insertion loss of the optical filter is larger than 5dB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.120-129
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• 1995

Since the rate and completeness of combustion in direct injection engines were controlled by the characteristics of gas flow fields and sprays, an understanding of those was essential to the design of the direct injection engines. In this study the numerical simulations of swirl effects on the characteristics of gas flow fields and sprays were performed using the spray model that could predict the interactions between gas fields and spray droplets. The governing equations were discretized by the finite volume method and the modified k- e model which included the compressibility effects due to the compression/expansion of piston was used. The results of numerical calculation of the spray characteristics in the quiescent environment were compared with the experimental data. There were good agreements between the results of calculation and the experimental data, except in the early stages of spray. In the motoring condition, the results showed that a substantial air entrainment into the spray volume was emerged and hence the squish motion was relatively unimportant during fuel injection periods. As the swirl ratio increased, the evaporation rate was increased due to the wide dispersion of the spray droplets and the strong interaction between spray droplets and gas fields.