• BMB Reports
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.566-571
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• 2016

Forskolin (FSK), an adenylyl cyclase activator, has recently been shown to enhance nucleotide excision repair (NER) upon UV exposure. However, our study revealed that this effect was detected in human skin epithelial ARPE19 cells only in growing cells, but not in non-cycling cells. When the cells were grown at low density (70% confluence), FSK was capable of stimulating cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) phosphorylation, a marker for FSK-stimulated PKA activation, and resulted in a significant increase of NER activity compared to control treatment. However, cells grown under 100% confluent conditions showed neither FSK-induced CREB phosphorylation nor the resulting NER enhancement. These findings indicate that cellular growth is critical for FSK-induced NER enhancement and suggest that cellular growth conditions should be considered as a variable while evaluating a reagent's pharmacotherapeutic efficacy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their receptors, and their binding proteins play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3, OMIM #146732) is one of the proteins that bind to the IGFs. IGFBP3 is a modulator of IGF bioactivity, and direct growth inhibitor in the extravascular tissue compartment. We identified twenty-two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGFBP3 gene in Korean cattle (Hanwoo, Bos taurus coreanae) by direct sequencing of full gene including -1,500 bp promoter region. Among the identified SNPs, five common SNPs were screened in 650 Korean cattle; one SNP in promoter (IGFBP3 G-854C), one in 5'UTR region (IGFBP3 G-100A), two in intron 1 (IGFBP3 G+421T, IGFBP3 T+1636A), and one in intron 2 (IGFBP3 C+3863A). The frequencies of each SNP were 0.357 (IGFBP3 G-854C), 0.472 (IGFBP3 G-100A), 0.418 (IGFBP3 G+421T), 0.363 (IGFBP3 T+1636A) and 0.226 (IGFBP3 C+3863A), respectively. Haplotypes and their frequencies were estimated by EM algorithm. Six haplotypes were constructed with five SNPs and linkage disequilibrium coefficients (|D'|) between SNP pairs were also calculated. The information on SNPs and haplotypes in IGFBP3 gene could be useful for genetic studies of this gene.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2002년도 제9회 학술 발표회 프로그램과 논문초록
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• pp.15-15
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• 2002

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate physiological processes by degrading ubiquitous intracellular second messengers, cAMP or cGMP. The first crystal structure of PDE4D catalytic domain and a bound inhibitor, zardaverine, was determined. Zardaverine binds to a highly conserved pocket that includes the catalytic metal binding site.(omitted)

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2007년도 제48회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 2007

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• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1997

The nucleotide sequence of the estI gene encoding acetylxylan esterase I of Bacillus stearothermophilus was determined and analyzed. The estI gene was found to consist of a 810 base pair open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 270 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 30 kDa. This was in well agreement with the molecular weight (29 kDa) estimated by SDS-PAGE of the purified esterase. The coding sequence was preceded by a putative ribo some binding site 10 bp upsteam of the ATG codon. Further 53 bp upstream, the transcription initiation signals were identified. The putative $_{-}$10 sequence (TCCAAT) and $_{-}$35 seqence (TTGAAT) corresponded closely to the respective consensus sequences for the Bacillus subtiis major RNA polymerase. The G+C content of the coding region of the estI was 51% whereas that of the third position of codone was 60.2%. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the EstI deduced from the nucleotide sequence perfectly matched the corresponding region of the purified esterase described previously. Comparison with the amino acid sequence of other esterases and lipases reported so far allowed us to identify a sequence, GLSMG at positions 123 to 127 of the EstI which was reported to be the highly conserved active site sequence for those enzymes. The nucleotide sequence of the estI revealed 55.7% homology to that of the xylC coding for the acetylxylan esterase of Caldocellum saccharolyticum.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.492-496
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• 1999

We have investigated the biochemical properties of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase without the UL42 protein (Pol), purified from insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the UL30 gene. BSA and DTT have inhibitory effects on dAMP incorporation. Pol showed a greater turnover rate of steady-state single nucleotide incorporation at 12 mM $MgCl_2$ than at 2 mM $MgCl_2$. However, it showed a greater processivity of DNA synthesis at lower $MgCl_2$ concentration (1 mM, 2 mM) than at a higher $MgCl_2$ concentration (12.5 mM). These results are consistent with a slow DNA dissociation at lower $MgCl_2$ concentrations. Pol does not incorporate a correct nucleotide into the primer with an incorrect nucleotide at the end; instead, it preferentially excises the incorrect nucleotide at the 3' end of the primer. Pol has DNA polymerase activity at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 but little at pHs 5.5, 8.5, and 9.5. It has exonuclease activity at pHs 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 but little at pHs 4.5, 5.5, and 9.5. The finding that Pol has exonuclease activity but not DNA polymerase at pH 8.5 suggests that DNA binds to Pol, but deoxynucleotide binding or incorporation does not occur at pH 8.5.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2015

NOD2 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2) was initially reported as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease, with several studies focused on elucidating its molecular mechanism in the progression of Crohn's disease. We now know that NOD2 is an intracellular bacterial sensing receptor, and that MDP-mediated NOD2 activation drives inflammatory signaling. Various mutations in NOD2 have been reported, with NOD2 loss of function being associated with the development of Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases. These results suggest that NOD2 not only has an immune stimulatory function, but also an immune regulatory function. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall; its pathologic progression is highly dependent on the immune balance. This immune balance is regulated by infiltrating monocytes and macrophages, both of which express NOD2. These findings indicate a potential role of NOD2 in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to outline the known roles of NOD2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

Since the identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (TLR) in Drosophila, numerous scientific studies have examined the role of TLRs in host innate immunity. Recent studies have suggested a convergence of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling and cytokine production regulated by the cytosolic elicitor known as NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing domain receptors) as a key modulator in inflammatory diseases. Among the NLRs, NOD1 and NOD2 have been intensively investigated for its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, NLRs such as NLRP3, NLRP1, and NLRC4 (also known as IPAF) have been identified to form the inflammasome to activate downstream signaling molecules in response to pathogenic microbes. There is evidence to suggest that substantial crosstalk exists for the TLR and NLR signaling pathway in response to pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the substrate and the mechanistic role of NLRs are largely unknown in innate immune response. Understanding the signaling mechanisms by which NLRs recognize PAMP and other danger signals will shed light on elucidating the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases such as IBD.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

리그닌 분해에 관련된 효소 중 laccase는 구리 결합부위가, lignin peroxidase와 manganese peroxidase는 헴(heme) 결합부위의 아미노산 서열이 잘 보존된 단백질들이다. 국내에서 분리한 구름버섯(Trametes versicolor)을 대상으로 관련 유전자들의 보존된 지역의 염기서열을 근거로 중합연쇄반응(PCR)에 필요한 primer를 제작하였고, 이를 사용하여 해당 유전자의 조각을 확보하였다. 이를 pGEM-T vector에 cloning하고 그 염기서열을 분석한 결과 약 1.3 kb의 laccase조각은 다른 백색부후균의 laccase와 65～97％의 상동성을 보였다. 또한 185 bp의 lignin peroxidase 조각과 443 bp의 manganese peroxidase조각을 타 백색부후균의 효소들과 비교한 결과 각각 80～95％ 및 61～83％의 상동성을 보였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2023

Discovery of new substance that can regulate platelet aggregation or suppress aggregation will aid in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Artesunate is a compound from plant roots of Artemisia or Scopolia, and its effects have shown to be promising in areas of anticancer and Alzheimer's disease. However, the role and mechanisms by which artesunate affects the aggregation of platelets, and the formation of a thrombus are currently not understood. This study examined the ways artesunate affects platelets activation and thrombus formation induced by collagen. As a result, cAMP and cGMP production were increased significantly by artesunate relative to the doses, as well as phosphorylated VASP and IP₃R, substrates to cAMP-dependent kinase and cGMP-dependent kinase, in a significant manner. The Ca²⁺ normally mobilized from the dense tubular system was inhibited due to IP₃R, phosphorylation from artesunate, and phosphorylated VASP aided in inhibiting platelet activity via αIIb/β₃ platelet membrane inactivation and inhibiting fibrinogen binding. Finally, artesunate inhibited thrombin-induced thrombus formation. Therefore, we suggest that artesunate has importance with cardiovascular diseases stemming from the abnormal platelets activation and thrombus formation by acting as an effective prophylactic and therapeutic agent.