• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 1996

In diamond synthesis by metal film growth method under high pressure and high temperature, the nucleation and growth of diamond was observed dependent on the carbon source variation from graphite powder to the heat treated powders of lamp black carbon. At the low driving force condition near equilibrium pressure and temperature line, nucleation of diamond did not occur but growth of seed diamond appeared in the synthesis from lamp black carbon while both nucleation and growth of diamond took place in the synthesis from graphite. Growth morphology change of diamond occurred from cubo-octahedron to octahedron in the synthesis from graphite but very irregular growth of seed diamond occurred in the synthesis from lamp block carbon. Lamp black carbon transformed to recrystallized graphite first and very nucleation of diamond was observed on the recrystallized graphite surface. Growth morphology of diamond on the recrystallized graphite was clear cubo-octahedron even at higher pressure departure condition from equilibrium pressure and temperature line.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2003

The interrelation into nucleation and thermodynamic parameters of solutions has been established by plotting of various dependencies: the enthalpy of dissolution, solubility product and super-solubility on ionic salt radii and also the extent of deviation from an ideal Debye -Huckel model of electrolyte solution on solubility product. The possible methods of perfect crystal growth from aqueous solution have been found a priori by separating of known set of pair values of solubility and super-solubility into no less than six-nine characteristic and distinctive sub-sets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.533-538
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• 2000

Ductile fracture of dual phase steel begins with void nucleation, at martensite-ferrite interface of deformed martensite particle. In this study, void nucleation, growth, and coalescence under various strain were studied in dual phase steel. Therefore, by means of the heat treatment of low carbon steel, the study deals with void nucleation and growth for ferrite grain size and martensite volume fraction of dual phase steel using statistical method. Void nucleation and growth with increasing strain are shown depend upon the ferrite grain size. Voids volume fraction generally increase as ferrite grain size decease.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2017

The continuum elasticity model is applied to investigate quantitatively the growth features and nucleation mechanism of quantum dots, nanopits, and joint QDs-nanopits structures in GaInAlN quasyternary systems. We have shown that for GaInAlN material system at the critical strain of ${\varepsilon}^*=0.039$ the sign of critical energy and volume is changed. We assume that at ${\varepsilon}={\varepsilon}^*$ the mechanism of the nucleation is changed from the growth of quantum dots to the nucleation of nanopits. Obviously, at small misfit (${\varepsilon}$ < ${\varepsilon}^*$), the bulk nucleation mechanism dominates. However, at ${\varepsilon}$ > ${\varepsilon}^*$, when the energy barrier becomes negative as well as a larger misfit provides a low-barrier path for the formation of dislocations, the nucleation of pits becomes energetically preferable. The free energy of mixing for $Ga_{1-x-y}In_xAl_yN$ quasiternary system was calculated and studied and its 3D sketch was plotted.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.155-158
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• 1997

Highly oriented diamond films were deposited on a (100) silicon substrate by bias enhanced nucleation technique. Both plan-view and cross-section TEM were applied to study the nucleation and growth mechanism of diamond grains. Randomly oriented polycrystalline diamond grains with internal microtwins were observed at the nucleation stage while defect free regions were retained at the growth stage and were apparently related with the epitaxy of diamond films. From our experimental results, the nucleation and texture formation mechanism of diamond films is discussed.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.291-309
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• 2020

Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr³⁺ electrolytes on HB-pencil graphite electrode. Factors influencing the electrochemical behavior and the processes of Cr nucleation and growth were explored using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques, respectively. Cr³⁺ reduction was found to occur through an irreversible diffusion-controlled step followed by another irreversible one of impure diffusional behaviour. The reduction behavior was found to be greatly affected by Cr³⁺ concentration, temperature, and type of hydrogen bond donor used in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) preparation. A more comprehensive model was suggested and successfully applied to extract a consistent data relevant to Cr nucleation kinetics from the experimental current density transients. The potential, the temperature, and the hydrogen bond donor type were estimated to be critical factors controlling Cr nucleation. The nucleation and growth processes of Cr from either choline chloride/ethylene glycol (EG-DES) or choline chloride/urea (U-DES) deep eutectic solvents were evaluated at 70℃ to be three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous and diffusion-controlled, respectively. However, the kinetics of Cr nucleation from EG-DES was found to be faster than that from U-DES. Cr nucleation was tending to be instantaneous at higher temperature, potential, and Cr³⁺ concentration. Cr nuclei electrodeposited from EG-DES were characterized at different conditions using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that high number density of fine spherical nuclei of almost same sizes was nearly obtained at higher temperature and more negative potential. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms that Cr deposits were obtained.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.303-306
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• 1999

On the effect of substrate bias at first stage of diamond synthesis at lower substrate temperature(approximately 673K) using microwave plasma CVD and effect of reaction gas system for the bias enhanced nucleation were studied. The reaction gas was mixture of methane and hydrogen or carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The nucleation density of applied bias -150V using $CH_4-H_2$ reaction gas system, significantly higher than that of $C-H_2$ reaction gas system. When the $CH_4-H_2$ reaction was used, nucleation density was increased because of existence of SiC as a interface for diamond nucleation. By use of this negative bias effect for fabrication of CVD diamond film using two-step diamond growth without pre-treatment, fabrication of the diamond film consist of diamond grains $0.2\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter was demonstrated

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.759-766
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• 1988

the effect of heat treatment in oxygen ambient on the nucleation and growth of oxidation induced stacking faults(OSF) in n-type(100)silicon wafer has been investigated. The growth of OSF is determind as a function of oxygen concentration in silicon wafer, heat treatment time and temperature, and the activation energy for the growth of OSF can be obtained from the growth kinetics. The activation energies are respectively 2.66 eV for dry oxidation and 2.37 eV for wet oxidation. In this paper, we have also studied the structural feature of OSF with the comparison of optical microscopic morphology and crystalline structure.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 1998

Diamond crystallization and discontinuous deposit phenomena depend on the process of hydrocarbon deposition, nucleation and growth. Then, it is investigated the concentration of methane, flow rate, structure and the growth process of $CH_4-H_2$ system in hot filament assisted C.V.D. There is a limited value of temperature, pressure, flow rate and the mole fraction of methane-hydrogen gas. Diamond nucleation occurs on substrate selectively and surface diffusion of species on the substrate plays an important role in the early stages of nucleation and growth.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2021

Electrodeposition is a synthetic method that allows fine control of the nucleation and growth factors of metals and is a suitable method for studying the nucleation and growth of Ni(OH)2. Hexa-methylenetetramine (HMT) helps to form Ni(OH)2 nanosheets by increasing the OH- of the nickel precursor solution and helps to improve the electrochemical properties of the electrode. In this study, the structural properties of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets according to the HMT concentration change using electrodeposition were studied. As the concentration of HMT increased, the size and thickness of the Ni(OH)2 nanosheet adsorbed on the surface increased and porosity increased. Also, the Scharifker-Hills nucleation theory model and experimental data were compared. In conclusion, the nanosheet shape of the HMT 7.5 mM sample electrodeposited with -0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl grew most uniformly, and the best result was obtained as an electrode material for a pseudocapacitor.