• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1994-2004
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• 1996

Numerical calculation was applied to supersonic under-expanded jets, and compared with the results of a linear theory and other experiments. TVD difference scheme was employed to solve 2-dimensional and axisymmetric inviscid Euler equation. This paper aims to explore the effects of angle of divergence and design Mach number of nozzle on the structure of under-expanded jets. The angle of divergence was varied from 0 to 20 deg. The results show that the length of the first cell of the under-expanded jets decreases and Mach disk generates at lower nozzle pressure ratio, if the angle of divergence or design Mach number of nozzle increases. The distance from the nozzle exit to Mach disk in 2-dimensional jets becomes much larger than that of axisymmetric jets, and the widths of the jet boundary and the barrel shock wave are also larger than that of axisymmetric jets. Calculation results indicate that the configuration of the under-expanded jets is strongly dependent on the nozzle pressure ratio.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2000

초음속 2단벨노즐(SDBN)은 종래의 축소확대형 초음속 노즐의 벽면에 변곡점을 설치하여, 비행체의 고도에 따른 노즐내부의 유동특성을 조절하기 위한 새로운 개념의 추진노즐이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 SDBN의 유용성과 유동특성을 조사하기 위하여 축대칭 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 유한체적법으로 수치계산하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 SDBN의 Base 노즐의 길이는 SDBN 내부에서 발생하는 충격파 시스템에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 노즐 유동의 박리위치가 변곡점에 고착되는 넓은 범위의 압력비가 존재한다는 것을 알았다. 또 SDBN의 최대추력은 노즐출구에서 유동이 적정팽창 상태일 때 발생한다는 것을 알았다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.100-111
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• 1994

Observations on the near-nozzle behavior of an unsteady fuel spray through single cylindrical hole nozzle were made by phase Doopler anemometer and microphotographs. At the edge of the spray, droplet velocity peaked during needle opening and closing. Droplet sizes tended to be small on the edge of spray. The near-nozzle spray angle taken from the microphotographs was time-dependent, even though it increased with gas-to-liquid density ratio as expected. The near-nozzle spray angle was the greatest on the initial stage and decreased to a relatively constant value after about one third of the total injection duration regardless of the ambient gas conditions, even in the near-vaccum condition. The wider near-nozzle spray angle in the early stage is due to the flow characteristics inside the nozzle rather than aerodynamic interactions. However, once the spray was established, aerodynamic interactions are essential in the near-nozzle atomization.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.206-212
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• 2011

유체 시스템에서 히스테리시스 현상은 다양한 산업 및 공학의 응용 분야에서 발생하며, 주로 압력비의 시간변화 과정에서 발생한다. 초음속 노즐에서 충격파를 포함한 유동장은 이러한 히스테리시스 현상의 지배적인 영향을 받는다. 그러나 이와 관련된 유동의 물리적 현상에 대해서는 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 노즐구동압력비의 변화 과정 동안 초음속 노즐의 유동을 파악하기 위해 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 순간 표면압력을 측정하기 위하여 다수의 압력변환기를 사용하였으며, 유동장의 가시화는 나노스파크 광원을 가지는 쉴리렌 가시화 장치를 이용하였다. 본 연구로부터, 히스테리시스 현상은 노즐의 기하학적 형상뿐만 아니라 압력비의 시간변화에 크게 의존하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2005

A characteristic of discharge for a foam spray nozzle with various parameters was investigated. The discharge patterns from a fire foam spray nozzle are important to evenly spray over a maximum possible floor area. Two parameters of a foam spray nozzle were chosen, and compared with those from the standard one. Also, in order to evaluate the performance of discharged foam agents used to protect structures from heat and fire damages, the thermal characteristics of fire-protection foams were experimentally investigated. A simple repeatable test for fire-protection foams subjected to fire radiation was developed. This test involves foam generation equipment, a fire source for heat generation, and data acquisition techniques. Results show that the bubble size of foam is increased by large inside diameter of orifice or closed air hole, but phenomenon of discharge angle and expansion ratio is opposite. For the case of the open air hole, liquid film of a circular cone discharges with formation, growth, split and fine grain. In case of the closed air hole, a pillar of foam solution discharges with that. Though the temperature gradient in the foam increases with increased foam expansion ratio. it is not change with increased intensity of heat flux.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2006

30톤급 개방형 액체로켓엔진용 터보펌프 터빈에 대한 시험을 수행하였다. 작동유체는 고압공기를 이용하였다. 다양한 압력비 및 회전수에 대하여 터빈 성능을 측정하였으며 아울러 노즐-로터간 간극이 터빈 성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험적으로 관찰하였다. 터빈압력비 13.5, 설계속도비 0.25에서 터빈의 효율은 51.1%로 나타났다. 노즐-로터간 간극은 터빈성능에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 측정되었는데 상사시험조건에서 설계 간극 기준 약 1mm의 축간극 감소는 약 3.5% 터빈효율증가를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2002년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.331-336
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• 2002

Recently the critical nozzles with small diameter are being extensively used to measure mass flow in a variety of industrial fields and these have different configurations depending on operation condition and working gas. The curvature radius of the critical nozzle throat is one of the most important configuration factors promising a high reliability of the critical nozzle. In the present study, computations using the axisymmetric, compressible, Navier-Stokes equations are carried out to investigate the effect of the nozzle curvature on critical flows. The diameter of the critical nozzle employed is D=0.3mm and the radius of curvature of the critical nozzle throat is varied in the range from 1D to 3D. It is found that the discharge coefficient is very sensitive to the curvature radius(R) of critical nozzle, leading to the peak discharge coefficient at R = 2.0D and 2.5D, and that the critical pressure ratio increases with the curvature radius.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1996

Effects of ambient geometry on the liftoff characteristics are experimentally studied for nonpremixed turbulent jet flames. To clarify the inconsistency of the nozzle diameter effect on the liftoff height, the ambiences of finite and infinite domains are studied. For nonpremixed turbulent jet issuing from a straight nozzle to infinite domain, flame liftoff height increases linearly with nozzle exit mean velocity and is independent of nozzle diameter. With the circular plate installed on the upstream of nozzle exit, flame liftoff height is lower with plate at jet exit than without, but flame liftoff characteristics are similar to the case of infinite domain. For the confined jet having axisymmetric wall boundary, the ratio of the liftoff height and nozzle diameter is proportional to the nozzle exit mean velocity demonstrating the effect of the nozzle diameter on the liftoff height. The liftoff height increases with decreasing outer axisymmetric wall diameter. At blowout conditions, the blowout velocity decreases with decreasing outer axisymmetric wall diameter and liftoff heights at blowout are approximately 50 times of nozzle diameter.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1702-1710
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• 2001

Supersonic coaxial jets are investigated numerically by using the axisymmetric, Wavier-Stokes equations which are solved using a fully implicit finite volume method. Three different kinds of coaxial nozzles are employed to understand the flow physics involved in the supersonic coaxial jets. Two convergent-divergent supersonic nozzles are designed to have the same Mach number 2.0, and used to compare the coaxial jet flows with those discharging from one constant-area nozzle. The impingement angle of the annular jets are varied. The primary pressure ratio is changed in the range from 2.0 to 10.0 and the assistant jet ratio from 1.0 to 3.0. The results obtained show that the fluctuations of the total pressure and Mach number along the jet axis are much higher in the constant-area nozzle than those in the convergent-divergent nozzles, and the constant-area nozzle lead to higher total pressure losses, compared with the convergent-divergent nozzles. The assistant jets from the annular nozzle affect the coaxial jet flows within the distance less than about ten times the nozzle throat diameter, but beyond it the coaxial jet is conical with self-similar velocity profiles. Increasing both the primary jet pressure ratio and the assistant jet pressure ratio produces a longer coaxial jet core.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제20회 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.87-90
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• 2003

압축성 유동장의 주된 특징은 유동장의 형성과정에 의존한다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 비평형 응축을 수반하는 초음속 제트유동장의 발달에 미치는 제트의 시간이력을 조사하는 것이다. 특히 초음속 습공기 제트에서 마하디스크 직경과 위치의 거동이 노즐압력비와 초기 상대습도의 항으로 소개된다. 대기흡입식 풍동설비에 장착된 노즐의 출구에서 부족팽창된 습공기 제트를 얻기 위해 노즐의 압력비와 초기상대습도를 변화시켰다. 마하디스크의 직경은 동일한 압력비에서 상대습도가 증가함에 따라 증가하지만, 그 위치는 상류로 이동하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 노즐의 작동압력비가 증가하는 경우의 마하디스크 직경과 발생위치가 감소하는 경우보다 더 크다.