• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic (LAP) product supplementation on the blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria in healthy adult Beagle dogs. In total, 14 Beagle dogs with an average initial body weight of 10.19 ± 0.61 kg were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments,with and without LAP supplementation, for a 28-day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the concentration of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), blood lymphocyte percentage, fecal hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and total mercaptans (R.SH) emission, and fecal coliforms counts. However, the serum concentrations of the triglyceride and fecal ammonia (NH₃) emission of the LAP treatment were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the group compared with the CON dogs. Fecal total lactic acid bacteria counts were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the LAP treatment. In conclusion, the supplementation of LAP in Beagle dog diets could decrease the blood triglyceride level and enhance the gut Lactobacillus count which may have positive effects on dogs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1516-1524
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• 2020

Climate change is expected to affect not only availability and quality of water, the valuable resource of human life on Earth, but also ultimately public health issue. A six-year monitoring (total 20 times) of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica, Legionella pneumophila, Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni, and Vibrio cholerae was conducted at five raw water sampling sites including two lakes, Hyundo region (Geum River) and two locations near Water Intake Plants of Han River (Guui region) and Nakdong River (Moolgeum region). A total 100 samples of 40 L water were tested. Most of the targeted bacteria were found in 77% of the samples and at least one of the target bacteria was detected (65%). Among all the detected bacteria, E. coli O157 were the most prevalent with a detection frequency of 22%, while S. sonnei was the least prevalent with a detection frequency of 2%. Nearly all the bacteria (except for S. sonnei) were present in samples from Lake Soyang, Lake Juam, and the Moolgeum region in Nakdong River, while C. jejuni was detected in those from the Guui region in Han River. During the six-year sampling period, individual targeted noxious bacteria in water samples exhibited seasonal patterns in their occurrence that were different from the indicator bacteria levels in the water samples. The fact that they were detected in the five Korea's representative water environments make it necessary to establish the chemical and biological analysis for noxious bacteria and sophisticated management systems in response to climate change.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1202-1208
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• 2009

Synbiotics is the term used for a mixture of probiotics (live microbial feed additives that beneficially affects the host animal) and prebiotics (non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the organism). This study investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas emission and fecal microbial population in weaning pigs. 150 pigs with an initial BW of 6.80${\pm}$0.32 kg (20 d of age) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments as follows: i) US, basal diet+0.15% antibiotics (0.05% oxytetracycline 200 and 0.10% tiamulin 38 g), ii) BS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from bacteria), iii) YS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from yeast), iv) MS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from mold), v) CS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (from compounds of bacteria, yeast and mold). The probiotics were contained in $10^{9}$ cfu/ml, $10^{5}$ cfu/ml and $10^{3}$ tfu/ml of bacteria, yeast and molds, respectively. The same prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide, lactose, sodium acetate and ammonium citrate) was used for all the synbiotics. Pigs were housed individually for a 16-day experimental period. Growth performance showed no significant difference between antibiotic treatments and synbiotics-added treatments. The BS treatment showed higher (p<0.05) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibility while ether extract and crude fiber digestibility were not affected by the dietary treatment. Also, the BS treatment decreased (p<0.05) fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions. Hydrogen sulfide concentration was also decreased (p<0.05) in BS, YS and MS treatments compared to other treatments. Moreover, all the synbioticsadded treatments increased fecal acetic acid concentration while the CS treatment had lower propionic acid concentration than the US treatment (p<0.05) gas emissions but decreased in fecal propionate gas emissions. Total fecal bacteria and Escherichia coli populations did not differ significantly among the treatments, while the Shigella counts were decreased (p<0.05) in synbiotics-included treatment. Fecal bacteria population was higher in the YS treatment than other treatments (p<0.05). The BS treatment had higher yeast concentration than YS, MS and CS treatments, while US treatment had higher mold concentrations than MS treatment (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics are as effective as antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in weaning pigs. Additionally, synbiotics from anaerobic microflora can decrease fecal noxious gas emission and synbiotics can substitute for antibiotics in weaning pigs.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.527-539
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• 2010

본 시험은 생균제를 자돈 사료에 첨가하여 자돈의 성장능력, 영양소 이용률, 유해가스 및 분내 미생물 발생정도를 비교하여 항생제 대체효과를 규명하여 하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 시험은 삼원교잡종(Landrace${\times}$Large White${\times}$Duroc) 자돈(22.5kg) 96두를 선발하여 28일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험은 3처리 4반복의 난괴법 배치로 T1 처리구 항생제, T2 처리구는 무항생제에 복합생균제 0.2% 첨가, T3 처리구는 무항생제에 단일생균제 0.3%를 첨가하였다. 자돈의 일당 증체량, 일일 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 건물, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분의 소화율은 처리간에 유의성이 있었으며, 특히 복합생균제와 Bacillus subtillis natto 생균제가 대조구인 항생제 처리구보다 소화율이 높았다. 돈 분뇨의 유해가스 발생량에서는 암모니아($NH_3$), 아민(R-$NH_2$), 황화수소($H_2S$) 및 멜캅탄($CH_2$-SH)의 발생량은 항생제 처리구보다 생균제 첨가구가 적어 돈사내 가스 감소에 효과가 있었다. 그러나 분의 수분함량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 돈분내 총균, 대장균 및 내열성균은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 즉 총균과 대장균의 수는 생균제 첨가에 의하여 감소하였으며, 내열성 포자의 수는 T3 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 많았다. 따라서 생균제를 항생제 대체물질로 급여한 결과 자돈의 장내 환경을 개선하고 돈사 내 유해가스 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 자돈의 생산성 향상에도 기여한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2015

본 연구는 육계 생산과정에서의 건조 Rosemary 잎 분말의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 맹장내 균총 및 깔짚 중 유해가스 발생량에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 총 216수의 7일령 육계에 대조구, Rosemary 분말 0.5% (5 g/kg diet, T1) 및 1.0% (10 g/kg diet, T2)로 구분하여 35일령까지 총 4주간의 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 사육기간중 증체중 및 사료효율은 Rosemary 급여에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였지만(P<0.05), 처리구간(T1 Vs. T2)에는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 사료섭취량 및 도태율은 대조구와 처리구간에 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 21일령과 35일령 모두 맹장내 Lactobacillus의 수는 Rosemary 급여에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), E. Coli 및 Salmonella의 수는 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 혐기성 총 미생물 수는 Rosemary의 첨가에 의한 영향은 인정되지 않았다. 깔짚 내 Ammonia의 발생량은 Rosemary 첨가에 의해서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그러나 처리구간(T1 Vs. T2)에는 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 육계사양에서 건조 Rosemary 잎의 급여는 사료중 영양소 이용율 증가, 소화관내 유익균의 증가 및 유해균의 감소, 및 배설물 중 $NH_3$의 발생량 감소로 인한 증체량 및 사료효율을 개선시킬 가능성이 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.611-626
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• 2023

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica (SE) infections in pigs are major source associated with enteric disease such as post weaning diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus in weaned piglets challenged with pathogen bacteria. In Experiment.1 90 weaned piglets with initial body weights of 8.53 ± 0.34 kg were assigned to 15 treatments for 2 weeks. The experiments were conducted two trials in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) with E. coli and SE, respectively and five levels of probiotics (Control, Lactobacillus plantarum [LA], Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 [38W], Pediococcus acidilactici K [PK], Lactobacillus reuteri PF30 [PF30]). In Experiment.2 a total of 30 weaned pigs (initial body weight of 9.84 ± 0.85 kg) were used in 4 weeks experiment. Pigs were allocated to 5 groups in a randomized complete way with 2 pens per group and 3 pigs per pen. Supplementation of LA and 38W improved (p < 0.05) growth performance, intestinal pathogen bacteria count, fecal noxious odor and diarrhea incidence. In conclusion, supplementation of 38W strains isolated from white kimchi can act as probiotics by inhibiting E. coli and SE.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Background : The human being and the bacteria have accomplished a balance and have coexisted each other during long time. Probiotics have evolved with the human host to exist and the result they have operated profitably to human host. So it requires that the functions of probiotics are expounded in view of Traditional Korean Medicine. Aim : Suggest the functions of probiotics in view of Traditional Korean Medicine. Method : The author's research has been performed to review the related references. Results : Probiotics assist the absorption of the lactose, proteins and minerals and product several kinds of vitamins, organic acids. Probiotics suppresses the growth of noxious bacteria and the production of harmful substances or gases. They absorbed and discharge the bile acid, and thus help us maintain the optimal level of blood cholesterol concentration. They can reinforce the immune response of the mucous membrane and control the hypersensitivity immune reaction such as asthma, atopy on the other hand. Probiotics have right functions as above and so can be applied widely in treatment of various disease and symptom. Conclusion : Considering the functions of probiotics in view of Traditional Korean Medicine, they participate in our spleen-earth-system (digestion and synthesis) and liver-wood-system (regulation of digestion, metabolism, internal secretion etc.), assist the function of lung-metal system(respiration and regulation of water metabolism) and regulate wi-chi (reinforce/control immune system). Consequently, hereafter there would be a necessity of control a circumstance in treatment of various diseases under these categories that probiotics should be able to do their right functions inside the human body.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2001년도 Proceedings of 2001 KSAM Annual Meeting
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• pp.14-16
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• 2001

The outer membrane (OM) of gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective permeability barrier against noxious agents including several antibiotics and organic solvents, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key molecule for this function. Outer membrane modified mutants (Ml-166, M2-42, M3-21) of E. coli DH5$\alpha$/pBSl were selected through a mutation using EMS (ethyl-methane-sulfonate). Among the selected mutants, M3-21 was twice as sensitive as LumisTo $x^{ }$ to benzene and M2-41 was 8 times as sensitive as LumisTo $x^{ }$ to toluene. To identify the structural change in the membrane by mutation, the relative cell surface hydrophobicities and the absorption of the crystal violet to the organisms were measured. All the mutants absorbed more crystal violet than their parent and the absorption of crystal violet increased in cell walls as carbohydrate of lipopolysaccharide decreased. When the cell surface hydrophobicities of DH5/pBSl and its mutants were measured by the BATH, the hydrophobicities of mutants increased compared to their parent in several organic solvents. The difference of lipopolysaccharide between DH5/pBSl and its mutants was identified by various ways such as the SDS-PAGE gel, the screening of LPS molecular weights, the mass spectrometry, and MALDI-TOF.F.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2003

인간의 면역계는 외부의 병원균 등의 침입에 대하여 매우 강력한 방어작용을 수행하고 있다. 하지만, 때로 면역계의 손상으로 인해 비정상적인 면역작용이 유발됨으로써 면역성 질환이 야기되기도 한다. 특히, 자가면역 질환은 그 종류가 매우 다양하며 심각한 위험을 초래하기도 한다 이들 질환에 대한 활발한 병인학적 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 아직 정확한 메커니즘을 밝히지는 못하고 있다. 자가면역성 당뇨병의 원인 유전자로 인간의 게놈에 내생하고 있는 HERV가 거론된 후, 사이토카인의 변화나 외생 레트로바기러스의 감염에 의해 HERV의 발현이 활성화되어 superantigen으로 작용함으로써 비정상적인 면역반응이 유도된다는 새로운 사실이 밝혀져 많은 주목을 끌고 있다. 이는 내생 레트로바이러스 유래의 superantigen과 인간의 질병과의 관련성을 비교적명확하게 제시함으로써, 자가면역 질환의 극복을 위한 향후 연구에 주요한 실마리를 제공하고 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권Spc호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2009

생물비료는 아직도 한국에서는 생소한 용어다. 한국에서 생물비료라 함은 식물추출액, 퇴비류-다양한 형태의 미생물 혼합제 등으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 최근에는 식물영양요소의 흡수나 이용도를 증진시키는 토양미생물 사용으로 언급하기도 한다. 본 개관은 식물성장을 증진시키는 것으로 알려진 PGPR 서로 다른 기작과 실질적 역할에 대하여 검토하였다.